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authorTom Rini <trini@konsulko.com>2023-07-05 11:28:55 -0400
committerTom Rini <trini@konsulko.com>2023-07-05 11:28:55 -0400
commite80f4079b3a3db0961b73fa7a96e6c90242d8d25 (patch)
tree5352d65d18b44e0982152654dc9f8018047e65ae /doc
parent45f77b807c2f6b8da88ae897b7eb2238e25df36b (diff)
parente1bebc16e1d9aa0ddd56c53c0b781f7186dce557 (diff)
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Merge tag 'v2023.07-rc6' into next
Prepare v2023.07-rc6
Diffstat (limited to 'doc')
-rw-r--r--doc/develop/event.rst4
-rw-r--r--doc/develop/release_cycle.rst8
-rw-r--r--doc/develop/statistics/u-boot-stats-v2022.10.rst27
-rw-r--r--doc/develop/statistics/u-boot-stats-v2023.01.rst52
-rw-r--r--doc/develop/statistics/u-boot-stats-v2023.04.rst27
-rw-r--r--doc/imx/habv4/csf_examples/mx8m/csf.sh28
-rw-r--r--doc/imx/habv4/csf_examples/mx8m/csf_fit.txt10
-rw-r--r--doc/imx/habv4/guides/mx6_mx7_secure_boot.txt2
-rw-r--r--doc/imx/habv4/guides/mx6_mx7_spl_secure_boot.txt2
-rw-r--r--doc/imx/habv4/guides/mx8m_spl_secure_boot.txt74
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/beaglebone_vboot.txt607
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/command_syntax_extensions.txt201
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/howto.txt411
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/kernel.its91
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/kernel_fdt.its51
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/kernel_fdts_compressed.its73
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/multi-with-fpga.its68
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/multi-with-loadables.its89
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/multi.its133
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/multi_spl.its96
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/overlay-fdt-boot.txt225
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/sec_firmware_ppa.its49
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/sign-configs.its45
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/sign-images.its42
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/signature.txt707
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/source_file_format.txt322
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/uefi.its67
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/update3.its44
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/update_uboot.its24
-rw-r--r--doc/uImage.FIT/x86-fit-boot.txt272
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/cmd/bind.rst103
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/cmd/bootm.rst300
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/cmd/imxtract.rst81
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/cmd/loadb.rst2
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/cmd/loads.rst96
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/cmd/saves.rst88
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/cmd/source.rst2
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/cmd/unbind.rst95
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/beaglebone_vboot.rst612
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/howto.rst419
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/index.rst (renamed from doc/usage/fit.rst)11
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/kernel.rst93
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/kernel_fdt.rst54
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/kernel_fdts_compressed.rst77
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/multi-with-fpga.rst70
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/multi-with-loadables.rst91
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/multi.rst136
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/multi_spl.rst101
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/overlay-fdt-boot.rst227
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/sec_firmware_ppa.rst54
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/sign-configs.rst52
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/sign-images.rst49
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/signature.rst696
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/source_file_format.rst684
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/uefi.rst72
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/update3.rst47
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/update_uboot.rst28
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/verified-boot.rst (renamed from doc/uImage.FIT/verified-boot.txt)83
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/fit/x86-fit-boot.rst269
-rw-r--r--doc/usage/index.rst8
60 files changed, 4742 insertions, 3809 deletions
diff --git a/doc/develop/event.rst b/doc/develop/event.rst
index 1c1c9ef..cb09e9c 100644
--- a/doc/develop/event.rst
+++ b/doc/develop/event.rst
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ To declare a spy, use something like this::
}
EVENT_SPY(EVT_DM_POST_INIT_F, snow_setup_cpus);
-Your function is called when EVT_DM_POST_INIT_F is emitted, i.e. after driver
-model is inited (in SPL, or in U-Boot proper before and after relocation).
+This function is called when EVT_DM_POST_INIT_F is emitted, i.e. after the
+driver model is initialized (in U-Boot proper before and after relocation).
Debugging
diff --git a/doc/develop/release_cycle.rst b/doc/develop/release_cycle.rst
index 2c82783..0cc450f 100644
--- a/doc/develop/release_cycle.rst
+++ b/doc/develop/release_cycle.rst
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Current Status
* The next branch is now **open**.
-* Release "v2023.07" is scheduled for 03 July 2023.
+* Release "v2023.07" is scheduled for 10 July 2023.
Future Releases
---------------
@@ -72,12 +72,14 @@ For the next scheduled release, release candidates were made on::
* U-Boot v2023.07-rc4 was released on Mon 12 June 2023.
-.. * U-Boot v2023.07-rc5 was released on Mon 19 June 2023.
+* U-Boot v2023.07-rc5 was released on Mon 26 June 2023.
+
+* U-Boot v2023.07-rc6 was released on Mon 03 July 2023.
Please note that the following dates are planned only and may be deviated from
as needed.
-* "v2023.07": end of MW = Mon, Apr 24, 2023; release = Mon, Jul 03, 2023
+* "v2023.07": end of MW = Mon, Apr 24, 2023; release = Mon, Jul 10, 2023
* "v2023.10": end of MW = Mon, Jul 24, 2023; release = Mon, Oct 02, 2023
diff --git a/doc/develop/statistics/u-boot-stats-v2022.10.rst b/doc/develop/statistics/u-boot-stats-v2022.10.rst
index 6fb71d4..7a5fc2e 100644
--- a/doc/develop/statistics/u-boot-stats-v2022.10.rst
+++ b/doc/develop/statistics/u-boot-stats-v2022.10.rst
@@ -607,20 +607,21 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2022.10
==================================== =====
Name Count
==================================== =====
- (Unknown) 590 (38.8%)
+ (Unknown) 584 (38.4%)
Konsulko Group 265 (17.4%)
Google, Inc. 141 (9.3%)
NXP 77 (5.1%)
+ AMD 70 (4.6%)
ST Microelectronics 67 (4.4%)
Linaro 60 (3.9%)
Texas Instruments 56 (3.7%)
- AMD 53 (3.5%)
DENX Software Engineering 45 (3.0%)
Toradex 45 (3.0%)
Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG 41 (2.7%)
- Xilinx 29 (1.9%)
Amarula Solutions 18 (1.2%)
+ Xilinx 12 (0.8%)
ARM 11 (0.7%)
+ Collabora Ltd. 7 (0.5%)
BayLibre SAS 5 (0.3%)
SUSE 4 (0.3%)
Socionext Inc. 3 (0.2%)
@@ -628,7 +629,6 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2022.10
IBM 2 (0.1%)
Siemens 2 (0.1%)
Broadcom 1 (0.1%)
- Collabora Ltd. 1 (0.1%)
Debian.org 1 (0.1%)
Marvell 1 (0.1%)
Samsung 1 (0.1%)
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2022.10
Name Count
==================================== =====
Konsulko Group 98915 (47.3%)
- (Unknown) 36773 (17.6%)
+ (Unknown) 36630 (17.5%)
Toradex 20197 (9.7%)
NXP 11759 (5.6%)
Google, Inc. 8739 (4.2%)
@@ -651,12 +651,13 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2022.10
Texas Instruments 5930 (2.8%)
ST Microelectronics 3803 (1.8%)
DENX Software Engineering 3551 (1.7%)
- AMD 2343 (1.1%)
+ AMD 2591 (1.2%)
Amarula Solutions 1360 (0.7%)
- Xilinx 1016 (0.5%)
+ Xilinx 768 (0.4%)
Broadcom 315 (0.2%)
ARM 298 (0.1%)
BayLibre SAS 197 (0.1%)
+ Collabora Ltd. 144 (0.1%)
SUSE 79 (0.0%)
IBM 34 (0.0%)
Bootlin 32 (0.0%)
@@ -665,7 +666,6 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2022.10
Debian.org 4 (0.0%)
Marvell 3 (0.0%)
Samsung 2 (0.0%)
- Collabora Ltd. 1 (0.0%)
==================================== =====
@@ -677,13 +677,14 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2022.10
==================================== =====
AMD 81 (30.5%)
NXP 51 (19.2%)
- (Unknown) 33 (12.4%)
+ (Unknown) 28 (10.5%)
Texas Instruments 19 (7.1%)
Linaro 16 (6.0%)
ARM 16 (6.0%)
Amarula Solutions 14 (5.3%)
Xilinx 13 (4.9%)
Konsulko Group 6 (2.3%)
+ Canonical 5 (1.9%)
Toradex 4 (1.5%)
Google, Inc. 4 (1.5%)
Socionext Inc. 4 (1.5%)
@@ -699,19 +700,20 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2022.10
==================================== =====
Name Count
==================================== =====
- (Unknown) 78 (51.0%)
+ (Unknown) 77 (50.3%)
Linaro 12 (7.8%)
Texas Instruments 11 (7.2%)
NXP 7 (4.6%)
+ AMD 6 (3.9%)
Google, Inc. 5 (3.3%)
DENX Software Engineering 5 (3.3%)
- Xilinx 4 (2.6%)
Toradex 4 (2.6%)
ST Microelectronics 4 (2.6%)
- AMD 3 (2.0%)
ARM 3 (2.0%)
BayLibre SAS 3 (2.0%)
Amarula Solutions 2 (1.3%)
+ Collabora Ltd. 2 (1.3%)
+ Xilinx 1 (0.7%)
Konsulko Group 1 (0.7%)
Socionext Inc. 1 (0.7%)
Broadcom 1 (0.7%)
@@ -723,5 +725,4 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2022.10
Debian.org 1 (0.7%)
Marvell 1 (0.7%)
Samsung 1 (0.7%)
- Collabora Ltd. 1 (0.7%)
==================================== =====
diff --git a/doc/develop/statistics/u-boot-stats-v2023.01.rst b/doc/develop/statistics/u-boot-stats-v2023.01.rst
index 2fd34bb..793aaa5 100644
--- a/doc/develop/statistics/u-boot-stats-v2023.01.rst
+++ b/doc/develop/statistics/u-boot-stats-v2023.01.rst
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2023.01
* Processed 1396 changesets from 152 developers
-* 23 employers found
+* 24 employers found
* A total of 91252 lines added, 42422 removed (delta 48830)
@@ -603,11 +603,11 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2023.01
==================================== =====
Name Count
==================================== =====
- (Unknown) 557 (39.9%)
+ (Unknown) 556 (39.8%)
Google, Inc. 270 (19.3%)
+ AMD 90 (6.4%)
DENX Software Engineering 86 (6.2%)
Linaro 85 (6.1%)
- AMD 80 (5.7%)
Konsulko Group 48 (3.4%)
ST Microelectronics 47 (3.4%)
SUSE 36 (2.6%)
@@ -616,16 +616,17 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2023.01
Broadcom 27 (1.9%)
Texas Instruments 26 (1.9%)
Amarula Solutions 24 (1.7%)
- Xilinx 13 (0.9%)
NXP 8 (0.6%)
BayLibre SAS 6 (0.4%)
Collabora Ltd. 6 (0.4%)
Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG 6 (0.4%)
Socionext Inc. 4 (0.3%)
+ Xilinx 3 (0.2%)
Edgeble AI Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1 (0.1%)
Marvell 1 (0.1%)
Rockchip 1 (0.1%)
Siemens 1 (0.1%)
+ Canonical 1 (0.1%)
==================================== =====
@@ -635,7 +636,7 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2023.01
==================================== =====
Name Count
==================================== =====
- (Unknown) 41561 (37.8%)
+ (Unknown) 41551 (37.8%)
Google, Inc. 19204 (17.5%)
Linaro 11194 (10.2%)
Toradex 6724 (6.1%)
@@ -644,18 +645,19 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2023.01
Collabora Ltd. 3312 (3.0%)
Amarula Solutions 3308 (3.0%)
ST Microelectronics 3303 (3.0%)
+ AMD 2379 (2.2%)
Texas Instruments 2174 (2.0%)
DENX Software Engineering 2105 (1.9%)
- AMD 2105 (1.9%)
ARM 1569 (1.4%)
SUSE 478 (0.4%)
Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG 448 (0.4%)
NXP 446 (0.4%)
- Xilinx 280 (0.3%)
Marvell 200 (0.2%)
Socionext Inc. 76 (0.1%)
BayLibre SAS 65 (0.1%)
+ Canonical 10 (0.0%)
Siemens 9 (0.0%)
+ Xilinx 6 (0.0%)
Edgeble AI Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1 (0.0%)
Rockchip 1 (0.0%)
==================================== =====
@@ -669,47 +671,49 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2023.01
==================================== =====
AMD 79 (46.7%)
Amarula Solutions 27 (16.0%)
- (Unknown) 22 (13.0%)
+ (Unknown) 18 (10.7%)
DENX Software Engineering 10 (5.9%)
NXP 7 (4.1%)
Linaro 5 (3.0%)
Google, Inc. 4 (2.4%)
ST Microelectronics 4 (2.4%)
ARM 4 (2.4%)
+ Canonical 4 (2.4%)
Texas Instruments 3 (1.8%)
Konsulko Group 2 (1.2%)
BayLibre SAS 2 (1.2%)
==================================== =====
-.. table:: Employers with the most hackers (total 154)
+.. table:: Employers with the most hackers (total 153)
:widths: auto
==================================== =====
Name Count
==================================== =====
- (Unknown) 81 (52.6%)
- Linaro 9 (5.8%)
+ (Unknown) 80 (52.3%)
+ AMD 9 (5.9%)
+ Linaro 9 (5.9%)
Texas Instruments 8 (5.2%)
- AMD 7 (4.5%)
ST Microelectronics 6 (3.9%)
- DENX Software Engineering 5 (3.2%)
+ DENX Software Engineering 5 (3.3%)
Amarula Solutions 4 (2.6%)
Toradex 4 (2.6%)
- Xilinx 4 (2.6%)
- NXP 3 (1.9%)
- Google, Inc. 3 (1.9%)
- ARM 3 (1.9%)
- BayLibre SAS 3 (1.9%)
+ NXP 3 (2.0%)
+ Google, Inc. 3 (2.0%)
+ ARM 3 (2.0%)
+ BayLibre SAS 3 (2.0%)
Collabora Ltd. 2 (1.3%)
SUSE 2 (1.3%)
Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG 2 (1.3%)
Socionext Inc. 2 (1.3%)
- Konsulko Group 1 (0.6%)
- Broadcom 1 (0.6%)
- Marvell 1 (0.6%)
- Siemens 1 (0.6%)
- Edgeble AI Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1 (0.6%)
- Rockchip 1 (0.6%)
+ Canonical 1 (0.7%)
+ Konsulko Group 1 (0.7%)
+ Broadcom 1 (0.7%)
+ Marvell 1 (0.7%)
+ Siemens 1 (0.7%)
+ Xilinx 1 (0.7%)
+ Edgeble AI Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1 (0.7%)
+ Rockchip 1 (0.7%)
==================================== =====
diff --git a/doc/develop/statistics/u-boot-stats-v2023.04.rst b/doc/develop/statistics/u-boot-stats-v2023.04.rst
index 57f2efc..73a3583 100644
--- a/doc/develop/statistics/u-boot-stats-v2023.04.rst
+++ b/doc/develop/statistics/u-boot-stats-v2023.04.rst
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2023.04
* Processed 1691 changesets from 157 developers
-* 29 employers found
+* 28 employers found
* A total of 174471 lines added, 78380 removed (delta 96091)
@@ -631,17 +631,17 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2023.04
==================================== =====
Name Count
==================================== =====
- (Unknown) 524 (31.0%)
+ (Unknown) 464 (27.4%)
Google, Inc. 381 (22.5%)
Konsulko Group 333 (19.7%)
+ Renesas Electronics 84 (5.0%)
DENX Software Engineering 72 (4.3%)
Texas Instruments 49 (2.9%)
Linaro 47 (2.8%)
Edgeble AI Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 46 (2.7%)
ST Microelectronics 40 (2.4%)
- AMD 34 (2.0%)
+ AMD 35 (2.1%)
NXP 25 (1.5%)
- Renesas Electronics 24 (1.4%)
Toradex 24 (1.4%)
Amarula Solutions 20 (1.2%)
Collabora Ltd. 20 (1.2%)
@@ -659,7 +659,6 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2023.04
Intel 1 (0.1%)
linutronix 1 (0.1%)
Samsung 1 (0.1%)
- Xilinx 1 (0.1%)
==================================== =====
@@ -669,18 +668,18 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2023.04
==================================== =====
Name Count
==================================== =====
- (Unknown) 64681 (30.1%)
+ (Unknown) 51007 (23.8%)
Texas Instruments 42105 (19.6%)
Konsulko Group 36464 (17.0%)
Google, Inc. 30090 (14.0%)
Edgeble AI Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 23070 (10.7%)
+ Renesas Electronics 14449 (6.7%)
Linaro 4601 (2.1%)
DENX Software Engineering 4582 (2.1%)
- AMD 1741 (0.8%)
+ AMD 1744 (0.8%)
Amarula Solutions 1649 (0.8%)
ST Microelectronics 882 (0.4%)
Bootlin 860 (0.4%)
- Renesas Electronics 775 (0.4%)
Socionext Inc. 760 (0.4%)
ARM 724 (0.3%)
Collabora Ltd. 413 (0.2%)
@@ -695,7 +694,6 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2023.04
Pengutronix 13 (0.0%)
Samsung 9 (0.0%)
Ronetix 4 (0.0%)
- Xilinx 3 (0.0%)
Intel 1 (0.0%)
linutronix 1 (0.0%)
==================================== =====
@@ -707,14 +705,14 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2023.04
==================================== =====
Name Count
==================================== =====
- (Unknown) 48 (22.3%)
+ Renesas Electronics 30 (14.0%)
Rockchip 29 (13.5%)
Toradex 28 (13.0%)
+ (Unknown) 27 (12.6%)
Amarula Solutions 24 (11.2%)
AMD 23 (10.7%)
NVidia 19 (8.8%)
Linaro 9 (4.2%)
- Renesas Electronics 9 (4.2%)
Texas Instruments 5 (2.3%)
Konsulko Group 5 (2.3%)
NXP 4 (1.9%)
@@ -734,18 +732,18 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2023.04
==================================== =====
Name Count
==================================== =====
- (Unknown) 86 (53.8%)
+ (Unknown) 85 (53.1%)
Linaro 9 (5.6%)
Texas Instruments 8 (5.0%)
- AMD 6 (3.8%)
+ AMD 7 (4.4%)
Collabora Ltd. 6 (3.8%)
Toradex 5 (3.1%)
DENX Software Engineering 5 (3.1%)
Amarula Solutions 4 (2.5%)
NXP 4 (2.5%)
+ Renesas Electronics 3 (1.9%)
ARM 3 (1.9%)
ST Microelectronics 3 (1.9%)
- Renesas Electronics 2 (1.2%)
SUSE 2 (1.2%)
Socionext Inc. 2 (1.2%)
Konsulko Group 1 (0.6%)
@@ -761,7 +759,6 @@ Release Statistics for U-Boot v2023.04
Pengutronix 1 (0.6%)
Samsung 1 (0.6%)
Ronetix 1 (0.6%)
- Xilinx 1 (0.6%)
linutronix 1 (0.6%)
==================================== =====
diff --git a/doc/imx/habv4/csf_examples/mx8m/csf.sh b/doc/imx/habv4/csf_examples/mx8m/csf.sh
index 7a9a05e..5b383fa 100644
--- a/doc/imx/habv4/csf_examples/mx8m/csf.sh
+++ b/doc/imx/habv4/csf_examples/mx8m/csf.sh
@@ -37,29 +37,11 @@ dd if=csf_spl.bin of=flash.bin bs=1 seek=${spl_dd_offset} conv=notrunc
# 3) Sign u-boot.itb
-# fitImage tree
-fit_block_base=$(printf "0x%x" $(( $(sed -n "/CONFIG_TEXT_BASE=/ s@.*=@@p" .config) - $(sed -n "/CONFIG_FIT_EXTERNAL_OFFSET=/ s@.*=@@p" .config) - 0x200 - 0x40)) )
+# fitImage
+fit_block_base=$(printf "0x%x" $(sed -n "/CONFIG_SPL_LOAD_FIT_ADDRESS=/ s@.*=@@p" .config) )
fit_block_offset=$(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.dtb /binman/imx-boot/uboot offset))
-fit_block_size=$(printf "0x%x" $(( ( ($(fdtdump u-boot.itb 2>/dev/null | sed -n "/^...totalsize:/ s@.*\(0x[0-9a-f]\+\).*@\1@p") + 0x1000 - 0x1 ) & ~(0x1000 - 0x1)) + 0x20 )) )
-sed -i "/Blocks = / s@.*@ Blocks = $fit_block_base $fit_block_offset $fit_block_size \"flash.bin\", \\\\@" csf_fit.tmp
-
-# U-Boot
-uboot_block_base=$(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/uboot load))
-uboot_block_offset=$(printf "0x%x" $(( $(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/uboot data-position)) + ${fit_block_offset} )))
-uboot_block_size=$(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/uboot data-size))
-sed -i "/0xuuuu/ s@.*@ $uboot_block_base $uboot_block_offset $uboot_block_size \"flash.bin\", \\\\@" csf_fit.tmp
-
-# ATF
-atf_block_base=$(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/atf load))
-atf_block_offset=$(printf "0x%x" $(( $(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/atf data-position)) + ${fit_block_offset} )))
-atf_block_size=$(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/atf data-size))
-sed -i "/0xaaaa/ s@.*@ $atf_block_base $atf_block_offset $atf_block_size \"flash.bin\", \\\\@" csf_fit.tmp
-
-# DTB
-dtb_block_base=$(printf "0x%x" $(( ${uboot_block_base} + ${uboot_block_size} )))
-dtb_block_offset=$(printf "0x%x" $(( $(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/fdt-1 data-position)) + ${fit_block_offset} )))
-dtb_block_size=$(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/fdt-1 data-size))
-sed -i "/0xdddd/ s@.*@ $dtb_block_base $dtb_block_offset $dtb_block_size \"flash.bin\"@" csf_fit.tmp
+fit_block_size=$(printf "0x%x" $(( ( ( $(stat -tc %s u-boot.itb) + 0x1000 - 0x1 ) & ~(0x1000 - 0x1)) + 0x20 )) )
+sed -i "/Blocks = / s@.*@ Blocks = $fit_block_base $fit_block_offset $fit_block_size \"flash.bin\"@" csf_fit.tmp
# IVT
ivt_ptr_base=$(printf "%08x" ${fit_block_base} | sed "s@\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)@0x\4\3\2\1@")
@@ -68,7 +50,7 @@ csf_block_base=$(printf "%08x" $(( ${fit_block_base} + ${fit_block_size} )) | se
ivt_block_offset=$((${fit_block_offset} + ${fit_block_size} - 0x20))
csf_block_offset=$((${ivt_block_offset} + 0x20))
-echo "0xd1002041 ${ivt_ptr_base} 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 ${ivt_block_base} ${csf_block_base} 0x00000000" | xxd -r -p > ivt.bin
+echo "0xd1002041 ${ivt_block_base} 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 ${ivt_block_base} ${csf_block_base} 0x00000000" | xxd -r -p > ivt.bin
dd if=ivt.bin of=flash.bin bs=1 seek=${ivt_block_offset} conv=notrunc
# Generate CSF blob
diff --git a/doc/imx/habv4/csf_examples/mx8m/csf_fit.txt b/doc/imx/habv4/csf_examples/mx8m/csf_fit.txt
index cd1d407..bbb82f6 100644
--- a/doc/imx/habv4/csf_examples/mx8m/csf_fit.txt
+++ b/doc/imx/habv4/csf_examples/mx8m/csf_fit.txt
@@ -26,11 +26,5 @@
[Authenticate Data]
Verification index = 2
# FIXME:
- # Line 1 -- fitImage tree
- # Line 2 -- U-Boot u-boot-nodtb.bin blob
- # Line 3 -- ATF BL31 blob
- # Line 4 -- DT blob
- Blocks = 0x401fcdc0 0x57c00 0xffff "flash.bin", \
- 0x40200000 0x62c00 0xuuuu "flash.bin", \
- 0x920000 0x00000 0xaaaa "flash.bin", \
- 0x40200000 0x00000 0xdddd "flash.bin"
+ # Line 1 -- fitImage
+ Blocks = 0x401fcdc0 0x57c00 0xffff "flash.bin"
diff --git a/doc/imx/habv4/guides/mx6_mx7_secure_boot.txt b/doc/imx/habv4/guides/mx6_mx7_secure_boot.txt
index 53f71fb..7fba84a 100644
--- a/doc/imx/habv4/guides/mx6_mx7_secure_boot.txt
+++ b/doc/imx/habv4/guides/mx6_mx7_secure_boot.txt
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ the U-Boot build, the example below is a log for mx7dsabresd_defconfig target:
1.4 Signing the U-Boot binary
------------------------------
-The CST tool is used for singing the U-Boot binary and generating a CSF binary,
+The CST tool is used for signing the U-Boot binary and generating a CSF binary,
users should input the CSF description file created in the step above and
should receive a CSF binary, which contains the CSF commands, SRK table,
signatures and certificates.
diff --git a/doc/imx/habv4/guides/mx6_mx7_spl_secure_boot.txt b/doc/imx/habv4/guides/mx6_mx7_spl_secure_boot.txt
index fde0f27..56b8cd6 100644
--- a/doc/imx/habv4/guides/mx6_mx7_spl_secure_boot.txt
+++ b/doc/imx/habv4/guides/mx6_mx7_spl_secure_boot.txt
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ addresses, the csf_uboot.txt can be used as example:
1.4 Signing the images
-----------------------
-The CST tool is used for singing the U-Boot binary and generating a CSF binary,
+The CST tool is used for signing the U-Boot binary and generating a CSF binary,
users should input the CSF description file created in the step above and
receive a CSF binary, which contains the CSF commands, SRK table, signatures
and certificates.
diff --git a/doc/imx/habv4/guides/mx8m_spl_secure_boot.txt b/doc/imx/habv4/guides/mx8m_spl_secure_boot.txt
index 3e3d384..e79726b 100644
--- a/doc/imx/habv4/guides/mx8m_spl_secure_boot.txt
+++ b/doc/imx/habv4/guides/mx8m_spl_secure_boot.txt
@@ -79,18 +79,16 @@ code within it:
The diagram below illustrate a signed U-Boot binary, DT blob and external
ATF BL31 blob combined to form fitImage part of flash.bin container layout.
-The *load_address is derived from CONFIG_TEXT_BASE such that the U-Boot
-binary *start is placed exactly at CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE in DRAM, however the
-SPL moves the fitImage tree further to location:
- *load_address = CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE - CONFIG_FIT_EXTERNAL_OFFSET (=12kiB) -
- 512 Byte sector - sizeof(mkimage header)
+The *load_address is CONFIG_SPL_LOAD_FIT_ADDRESS, the fitImage is loaded
+including all of its embedded data, authenticated using IVT+CSF concatenated
+at the end of the fitImage at offset aligned to 4 kiB. The fitImage with
+external data is not supported.
------- +-----------------------------+ <-- *load_address
^ | |
| | fitImage tree |
- | | with external data at |
- | | offset 12 kiB from tree |
- | | (cca. 1 kiB) |
+ | | with embedded data |
+ | | (cca. 1 MiB) |
Signed | | |
.----- Tree | +-----------------------------+
| Data | | Padding to next 4k aligned |
@@ -101,34 +99,9 @@ SPL moves the fitImage tree further to location:
| ------- +-----------------------------+ <-- *csf
| | Command Sequence File (CSF) |
| | for all signed entries in |
- >--------------->| the fitImage, tree and data |
- | | (cca 6-7 kiB) |
- | +-----------------------------+
- | | Padding to 12 kiB offset |
- | | from *load_address |
- | ------- +-----------------------------+ <-- *start
- | ^ | |
- | Signed | | |
- |---- Payload | | U-Boot external data blob |
- | Data | | |
- | v | |
- | ------- +-----------------------------+
- | | Padding to 4 Bytes |
- | ------- +-----------------------------+
- | ^ | |
- | Signed | | |
- |---- Payload | | ATF external data blob |
- | Data | | |
- | v | |
- | ------- +-----------------------------+
- | | Padding to 4 Bytes |
- | ------- +-----------------------------+
- | ^ | |
- | Signed | | |
- '---- Payload | | DTB external data blob |
- Data | | |
- v | |
- ------- +-----------------------------+
+ '---------------->| the fitImage, tree and data |
+ | (cca 6-7 kiB) |
+ +-----------------------------+
The diagram below illustrate a combined flash.bin container layout:
@@ -202,29 +175,11 @@ dd if=csf_spl.bin of=flash.bin bs=1 seek=${spl_dd_offset} conv=notrunc
CSF "Blocks" line for csf_fit.txt can be generated as follows:
```
-# fitImage tree
-fit_block_base=$(printf "0x%x" $(( $(sed -n "/CONFIG_TEXT_BASE=/ s@.*=@@p" .config) - $(sed -n "/CONFIG_FIT_EXTERNAL_OFFSET=/ s@.*=@@p" .config) - 0x200 - 0x40)) )
+# fitImage
+fit_block_base=$(printf "0x%x" $(sed -n "/CONFIG_SPL_LOAD_FIT_ADDRESS=/ s@.*=@@p" .config) )
fit_block_offset=$(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.dtb /binman/imx-boot/uboot offset))
-fit_block_size=$(printf "0x%x" $(( ( $(fdtdump u-boot.itb 2>/dev/null | sed -n "/^...totalsize:/ s@.*\(0x[0-9a-f]\+\).*@\1@p") + 0x1000 - 0x1 ) & ~(0x1000 - 0x1) + 0x20 )) )
-sed -i "/Blocks = / s@.*@ Blocks = $fit_block_base $fit_block_offset $fit_block_size \"flash.bin\", \\\\@" csf_fit.tmp
-
-# U-Boot
-uboot_block_base=$(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/uboot load))
-uboot_block_offset=$(printf "0x%x" $(( $(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/uboot data-position)) + ${fit_block_offset} )))
-uboot_block_size=$(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/uboot data-size))
-sed -i "/0xuuuu/ s@.*@ $uboot_block_base $uboot_block_offset $uboot_block_size \"flash.bin\", \\\\@" csf_fit.tmp
-
-# ATF
-atf_block_base=$(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/atf load))
-atf_block_offset=$(printf "0x%x" $(( $(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/atf data-position)) + ${fit_block_offset} )))
-atf_block_size=$(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/atf data-size))
-sed -i "/0xaaaa/ s@.*@ $atf_block_base $atf_block_offset $atf_block_size \"flash.bin\", \\\\@" csf_fit.tmp
-
-# DTB
-dtb_block_base=$(printf "0x%x" $(( ${uboot_block_base} + ${uboot_block_size} )))
-dtb_block_offset=$(printf "0x%x" $(( $(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/fdt-1 data-position)) + ${fit_block_offset} )))
-dtb_block_size=$(printf "0x%s" $(fdtget -t x u-boot.itb /images/fdt-1 data-size))
-sed -i "/0xdddd/ s@.*@ $dtb_block_base $dtb_block_offset $dtb_block_size \"flash.bin\"@" csf_fit.tmp
+fit_block_size=$(printf "0x%x" $(( ( ( $(stat -tc %s u-boot.itb) + 0x1000 - 0x1 ) & ~(0x1000 - 0x1)) + 0x20 )) )
+sed -i "/Blocks = / s@.*@ Blocks = $fit_block_base $fit_block_offset $fit_block_size \"flash.bin\"@" csf_fit.tmp
```
The fitImage part of flash.bin requires separate IVT. Generate the IVT and
@@ -237,8 +192,9 @@ csf_block_base=$(printf "%08x" $(( ${fit_block_base} + ${fit_block_size} )) | se
ivt_block_offset=$((${fit_block_offset} + ${fit_block_size} - 0x20))
csf_block_offset=$((${ivt_block_offset} + 0x20))
-echo "0xd1002041 ${ivt_ptr_base} 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 ${ivt_block_base} ${csf_block_base} 0x00000000" | xxd -r -p > ivt.bin
+echo "0xd1002041 ${ivt_block_base} 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 ${ivt_block_base} ${csf_block_base} 0x00000000" | xxd -r -p > ivt.bin
dd if=ivt.bin of=flash.bin bs=1 seek=${ivt_block_offset} conv=notrunc
+```
To generate CSF signature for the fitImage part of flash.bin container, use CST:
```
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/beaglebone_vboot.txt b/doc/uImage.FIT/beaglebone_vboot.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index ebd2068..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/beaglebone_vboot.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,607 +0,0 @@
-Verified Boot on the Beaglebone Black
-=====================================
-
-Introduction
-------------
-
-Before reading this, please read verified-boot.txt and signature.txt. These
-instructions are for mainline U-Boot from v2014.07 onwards.
-
-There is quite a bit of documentation in this directory describing how
-verified boot works in U-Boot. There is also a test which runs through the
-entire process of signing an image and running U-Boot (sandbox) to check it.
-However, it might be useful to also have an example on a real board.
-
-Beaglebone Black is a fairly common board so seems to be a reasonable choice
-for an example of how to enable verified boot using U-Boot.
-
-First a note that may to help avoid confusion. U-Boot and Linux both use
-device tree. They may use the same device tree source, but it is seldom useful
-for them to use the exact same binary from the same place. More typically,
-U-Boot has its device tree packaged wtih it, and the kernel's device tree is
-packaged with the kernel. In particular this is important with verified boot,
-since U-Boot's device tree must be immutable. If it can be changed then the
-public keys can be changed and verified boot is useless. An attacker can
-simply generate a new key and put his public key into U-Boot so that
-everything verifies. On the other hand the kernel's device tree typically
-changes when the kernel changes, so it is useful to package an updated device
-tree with the kernel binary. U-Boot supports the latter with its flexible FIT
-format (Flat Image Tree).
-
-
-Overview
---------
-
-The steps are roughly as follows:
-
-1. Build U-Boot for the board, with the verified boot options enabled.
-
-2. Obtain a suitable Linux kernel
-
-3. Create a Image Tree Source file (ITS) file describing how you want the
-kernel to be packaged, compressed and signed.
-
-4. Create a key pair
-
-5. Sign the kernel
-
-6. Put the public key into U-Boot's image
-
-7. Put U-Boot and the kernel onto the board
-
-8. Try it
-
-
-Step 1: Build U-Boot
---------------------
-
-a. Set up the environment variable to point to your toolchain. You will need
-this for U-Boot and also for the kernel if you build it. For example if you
-installed a Linaro version manually it might be something like:
-
- export CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/linaro/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2013.08_linux/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-
-
-or if you just installed gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi then it might be
-
- export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
-
-b. Configure and build U-Boot with verified boot enabled:
-
- export UBOOT=/path/to/u-boot
- cd $UBOOT
- # You can add -j10 if you have 10 CPUs to make it faster
- make O=b/am335x_boneblack_vboot am335x_boneblack_vboot_config all
- export UOUT=$UBOOT/b/am335x_boneblack_vboot
-
-c. You will now have a U-Boot image:
-
- file b/am335x_boneblack_vboot/u-boot-dtb.img
-b/am335x_boneblack_vboot/u-boot-dtb.img: u-boot legacy uImage, U-Boot 2014.07-rc2-00065-g2f69f8, Firmware/ARM, Firmware Image (Not compressed), 395375 bytes, Sat May 31 16:19:04 2014, Load Address: 0x80800000, Entry Point: 0x00000000, Header CRC: 0x0ABD6ACA, Data CRC: 0x36DEF7E4
-
-
-Step 2: Build Linux
---------------------
-
-a. Find the kernel image ('Image') and device tree (.dtb) file you plan to
-use. In our case it is am335x-boneblack.dtb and it is built with the kernel.
-At the time of writing an SD Boot image can be obtained from here:
-
- http://www.elinux.org/Beagleboard:Updating_The_Software#Image_For_Booting_From_microSD
-
-You can write this to an SD card and then mount it to extract the kernel and
-device tree files.
-
-You can also build a kernel. Instructions for this are are here:
-
- http://elinux.org/Building_BBB_Kernel
-
-or you can use your favourite search engine. Following these instructions
-produces a kernel Image and device tree files. For the record the steps were:
-
- export KERNEL=/path/to/kernel
- cd $KERNEL
- git clone git://github.com/beagleboard/kernel.git .
- git checkout v3.14
- ./patch.sh
- cp configs/beaglebone kernel/arch/arm/configs/beaglebone_defconfig
- cd kernel
- make beaglebone_defconfig
- make uImage dtbs # -j10 if you have 10 CPUs
- export OKERNEL=$KERNEL/kernel/arch/arm/boot
-
-c. You now have the 'Image' and 'am335x-boneblack.dtb' files needed to boot.
-
-
-Step 3: Create the ITS
-----------------------
-
-Set up a directory for your work.
-
- export WORK=/path/to/dir
- cd $WORK
-
-Put this into a file in that directory called sign.its:
-
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/ {
- description = "Beaglebone black";
- #address-cells = <1>;
-
- images {
- kernel {
- data = /incbin/("Image.lzo");
- type = "kernel";
- arch = "arm";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "lzo";
- load = <0x80008000>;
- entry = <0x80008000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
- fdt-1 {
- description = "beaglebone-black";
- data = /incbin/("am335x-boneblack.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- compression = "none";
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
- };
- configurations {
- default = "conf-1";
- conf-1 {
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1";
- signature-1 {
- algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
- key-name-hint = "dev";
- sign-images = "fdt", "kernel";
- };
- };
- };
-};
-
-
-The explanation for this is all in the documentation you have already read.
-But briefly it packages a kernel and device tree, and provides a single
-configuration to be signed with a key named 'dev'. The kernel is compressed
-with LZO to make it smaller.
-
-
-Step 4: Create a key pair
--------------------------
-
-See signature.txt for details on this step.
-
- cd $WORK
- mkdir keys
- openssl genrsa -F4 -out keys/dev.key 2048
- openssl req -batch -new -x509 -key keys/dev.key -out keys/dev.crt
-
-Note: keys/dev.key contains your private key and is very secret. If anyone
-gets access to that file they can sign kernels with it. Keep it secure.
-
-
-Step 5: Sign the kernel
------------------------
-
-We need to use mkimage (which was built when you built U-Boot) to package the
-Linux kernel into a FIT (Flat Image Tree, a flexible file format that U-Boot
-can load) using the ITS file you just created.
-
-At the same time we must put the public key into U-Boot device tree, with the
-'required' property, which tells U-Boot that this key must be verified for the
-image to be valid. You will make this key available to U-Boot for booting in
-step 6.
-
- ln -s $OKERNEL/dts/am335x-boneblack.dtb
- ln -s $OKERNEL/Image
- ln -s $UOUT/u-boot-dtb.img
- cp $UOUT/arch/arm/dts/am335x-boneblack.dtb am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb
- lzop Image
- $UOUT/tools/mkimage -f sign.its -K am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb -k keys -r image.fit
-
-You should see something like this:
-
-FIT description: Beaglebone black
-Created: Sun Jun 1 12:50:30 2014
- Image 0 (kernel)
- Description: unavailable
- Created: Sun Jun 1 12:50:30 2014
- Type: Kernel Image
- Compression: lzo compressed
- Data Size: 7790938 Bytes = 7608.34 kB = 7.43 MB
- Architecture: ARM
- OS: Linux
- Load Address: 0x80008000
- Entry Point: 0x80008000
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: c94364646427e10f423837e559898ef02c97b988
- Image 1 (fdt-1)
- Description: beaglebone-black
- Created: Sun Jun 1 12:50:30 2014
- Type: Flat Device Tree
- Compression: uncompressed
- Data Size: 31547 Bytes = 30.81 kB = 0.03 MB
- Architecture: ARM
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: cb09202f889d824f23b8e4404b781be5ad38a68d
- Default Configuration: 'conf-1'
- Configuration 0 (conf-1)
- Description: unavailable
- Kernel: kernel
- FDT: fdt-1
-
-
-Now am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb contains the public key and image.fit contains
-the signed kernel. Jump to step 6 if you like, or continue reading to increase
-your understanding.
-
-You can also run fit_check_sign to check it:
-
- $UOUT/tools/fit_check_sign -f image.fit -k am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb
-
-which results in:
-
-Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha1,rsa2048:dev+
-## Loading kernel from FIT Image at 7fc6ee469000 ...
- Using 'conf-1' configuration
- Verifying Hash Integrity ...
-sha1,rsa2048:dev+
-OK
-
- Trying 'kernel' kernel subimage
- Description: unavailable
- Created: Sun Jun 1 12:50:30 2014
- Type: Kernel Image
- Compression: lzo compressed
- Data Size: 7790938 Bytes = 7608.34 kB = 7.43 MB
- Architecture: ARM
- OS: Linux
- Load Address: 0x80008000
- Entry Point: 0x80008000
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: c94364646427e10f423837e559898ef02c97b988
- Verifying Hash Integrity ...
-sha1+
-OK
-
-Unimplemented compression type 4
-## Loading fdt from FIT Image at 7fc6ee469000 ...
- Using 'conf-1' configuration
- Trying 'fdt-1' fdt subimage
- Description: beaglebone-black
- Created: Sun Jun 1 12:50:30 2014
- Type: Flat Device Tree
- Compression: uncompressed
- Data Size: 31547 Bytes = 30.81 kB = 0.03 MB
- Architecture: ARM
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: cb09202f889d824f23b8e4404b781be5ad38a68d
- Verifying Hash Integrity ...
-sha1+
-OK
-
- Loading Flat Device Tree ... OK
-
-## Loading ramdisk from FIT Image at 7fc6ee469000 ...
- Using 'conf-1' configuration
-Could not find subimage node
-
-Signature check OK
-
-
-At the top, you see "sha1,rsa2048:dev+". This means that it checked an RSA key
-of size 2048 bits using SHA1 as the hash algorithm. The key name checked was
-'dev' and the '+' means that it verified. If it showed '-' that would be bad.
-
-Once the configuration is verified it is then possible to rely on the hashes
-in each image referenced by that configuration. So fit_check_sign goes on to
-load each of the images. We have a kernel and an FDT but no ramkdisk. In each
-case fit_check_sign checks the hash and prints sha1+ meaning that the SHA1
-hash verified. This means that none of the images has been tampered with.
-
-There is a test in test/vboot which uses U-Boot's sandbox build to verify that
-the above flow works.
-
-But it is fun to do this by hand, so you can load image.fit into a hex editor
-like ghex, and change a byte in the kernel:
-
- $UOUT/tools/fit_info -f image.fit -n /images/kernel -p data
-NAME: kernel
-LEN: 7790938
-OFF: 168
-
-This tells us that the kernel starts at byte offset 168 (decimal) in image.fit
-and extends for about 7MB. Try changing a byte at 0x2000 (say) and run
-fit_check_sign again. You should see something like:
-
-Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha1,rsa2048:dev+
-## Loading kernel from FIT Image at 7f5a39571000 ...
- Using 'conf-1' configuration
- Verifying Hash Integrity ...
-sha1,rsa2048:dev+
-OK
-
- Trying 'kernel' kernel subimage
- Description: unavailable
- Created: Sun Jun 1 13:09:21 2014
- Type: Kernel Image
- Compression: lzo compressed
- Data Size: 7790938 Bytes = 7608.34 kB = 7.43 MB
- Architecture: ARM
- OS: Linux
- Load Address: 0x80008000
- Entry Point: 0x80008000
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: c94364646427e10f423837e559898ef02c97b988
- Verifying Hash Integrity ...
-sha1 error
-Bad hash value for 'hash-1' hash node in 'kernel' image node
-Bad Data Hash
-
-## Loading fdt from FIT Image at 7f5a39571000 ...
- Using 'conf-1' configuration
- Trying 'fdt-1' fdt subimage
- Description: beaglebone-black
- Created: Sun Jun 1 13:09:21 2014
- Type: Flat Device Tree
- Compression: uncompressed
- Data Size: 31547 Bytes = 30.81 kB = 0.03 MB
- Architecture: ARM
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: cb09202f889d824f23b8e4404b781be5ad38a68d
- Verifying Hash Integrity ...
-sha1+
-OK
-
- Loading Flat Device Tree ... OK
-
-## Loading ramdisk from FIT Image at 7f5a39571000 ...
- Using 'conf-1' configuration
-Could not find subimage node
-
-Signature check Bad (error 1)
-
-
-It has detected the change in the kernel.
-
-You can also be sneaky and try to switch images, using the libfdt utilities
-that come with dtc (package name is device-tree-compiler but you will need a
-recent version like 1.4:
-
- dtc -v
-Version: DTC 1.4.0
-
-First we can check which nodes are actually hashed by the configuration:
-
- fdtget -l image.fit /
-images
-configurations
-
- fdtget -l image.fit /configurations
-conf-1
-fdtget -l image.fit /configurations/conf-1
-signature-1
-
- fdtget -p image.fit /configurations/conf-1/signature-1
-hashed-strings
-hashed-nodes
-timestamp
-signer-version
-signer-name
-value
-algo
-key-name-hint
-sign-images
-
- fdtget image.fit /configurations/conf-1/signature-1 hashed-nodes
-/ /configurations/conf-1 /images/fdt-1 /images/fdt-1/hash /images/kernel /images/kernel/hash-1
-
-This gives us a bit of a look into the signature that mkimage added. Note you
-can also use fdtdump to list the entire device tree.
-
-Say we want to change the kernel that this configuration uses
-(/images/kernel). We could just put a new kernel in the image, but we will
-need to change the hash to match. Let's simulate that by changing a byte of
-the hash:
-
- fdtget -tx image.fit /images/kernel/hash-1 value
-c9436464 6427e10f 423837e5 59898ef0 2c97b988
- fdtput -tx image.fit /images/kernel/hash-1 value c9436464 6427e10f 423837e5 59898ef0 2c97b981
-
-Now check it again:
-
- $UOUT/tools/fit_check_sign -f image.fit -k am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb
-Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha1,rsa2048:devrsa_verify_with_keynode: RSA failed to verify: -13
-rsa_verify_with_keynode: RSA failed to verify: -13
--
-Failed to verify required signature 'key-dev'
-Signature check Bad (error 1)
-
-This time we don't even get as far as checking the images, since the
-configuration signature doesn't match. We can't change any hashes without the
-signature check noticing. The configuration is essentially locked. U-Boot has
-a public key for which it requires a match, and will not permit the use of any
-configuration that does not match that public key. The only way the
-configuration will match is if it was signed by the matching private key.
-
-It would also be possible to add a new signature node that does match your new
-configuration. But that won't work since you are not allowed to change the
-configuration in any way. Try it with a fresh (valid) image if you like by
-running the mkimage link again. Then:
-
- fdtput -p image.fit /configurations/conf-1/signature-1 value fred
- $UOUT/tools/fit_check_sign -f image.fit -k am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb
-Verifying Hash Integrity ... -
-sha1,rsa2048:devrsa_verify_with_keynode: RSA failed to verify: -13
-rsa_verify_with_keynode: RSA failed to verify: -13
--
-Failed to verify required signature 'key-dev'
-Signature check Bad (error 1)
-
-
-Of course it would be possible to add an entirely new configuration and boot
-with that, but it still needs to be signed, so it won't help.
-
-
-6. Put the public key into U-Boot's image
------------------------------------------
-
-Having confirmed that the signature is doing its job, let's try it out in
-U-Boot on the board. U-Boot needs access to the public key corresponding to
-the private key that you signed with so that it can verify any kernels that
-you sign.
-
- cd $UBOOT
- make O=b/am335x_boneblack_vboot EXT_DTB=${WORK}/am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb
-
-Here we are overriding the normal device tree file with our one, which
-contains the public key.
-
-Now you have a special U-Boot image with the public key. It can verify can
-kernel that you sign with the private key as in step 5.
-
-If you like you can take a look at the public key information that mkimage
-added to U-Boot's device tree:
-
- fdtget -p am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb /signature/key-dev
-required
-algo
-rsa,r-squared
-rsa,modulus
-rsa,n0-inverse
-rsa,num-bits
-key-name-hint
-
-This has information about the key and some pre-processed values which U-Boot
-can use to verify against it. These values are obtained from the public key
-certificate by mkimage, but require quite a bit of code to generate. To save
-code space in U-Boot, the information is extracted and written in raw form for
-U-Boot to easily use. The same mechanism is used in Google's Chrome OS.
-
-Notice the 'required' property. This marks the key as required - U-Boot will
-not boot any image that does not verify against this key.
-
-
-7. Put U-Boot and the kernel onto the board
--------------------------------------------
-
-The method here varies depending on how you are booting. For this example we
-are booting from an micro-SD card with two partitions, one for U-Boot and one
-for Linux. Put it into your machine and write U-Boot and the kernel to it.
-Here the card is /dev/sde:
-
- cd $WORK
- export UDEV=/dev/sde1 # Change thes two lines to the correct device
- export KDEV=/dev/sde2
- sudo mount $UDEV /mnt/tmp && sudo cp $UOUT/u-boot-dtb.img /mnt/tmp/u-boot.img && sleep 1 && sudo umount $UDEV
- sudo mount $KDEV /mnt/tmp && sudo cp $WORK/image.fit /mnt/tmp/boot/image.fit && sleep 1 && sudo umount $KDEV
-
-
-8. Try it
----------
-
-Boot the board using the commands below:
-
- setenv bootargs console=ttyO0,115200n8 quiet root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 ro rootfstype=ext4 rootwait
- ext2load mmc 0:2 82000000 /boot/image.fit
- bootm 82000000
-
-You should then see something like this:
-
-U-Boot# setenv bootargs console=ttyO0,115200n8 quiet root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 ro rootfstype=ext4 rootwait
-U-Boot# ext2load mmc 0:2 82000000 /boot/image.fit
-7824930 bytes read in 589 ms (12.7 MiB/s)
-U-Boot# bootm 82000000
-## Loading kernel from FIT Image at 82000000 ...
- Using 'conf-1' configuration
- Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha1,rsa2048:dev+ OK
- Trying 'kernel' kernel subimage
- Description: unavailable
- Created: 2014-06-01 19:32:54 UTC
- Type: Kernel Image
- Compression: lzo compressed
- Data Start: 0x820000a8
- Data Size: 7790938 Bytes = 7.4 MiB
- Architecture: ARM
- OS: Linux
- Load Address: 0x80008000
- Entry Point: 0x80008000
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: c94364646427e10f423837e559898ef02c97b988
- Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha1+ OK
-## Loading fdt from FIT Image at 82000000 ...
- Using 'conf-1' configuration
- Trying 'fdt-1' fdt subimage
- Description: beaglebone-black
- Created: 2014-06-01 19:32:54 UTC
- Type: Flat Device Tree
- Compression: uncompressed
- Data Start: 0x8276e2ec
- Data Size: 31547 Bytes = 30.8 KiB
- Architecture: ARM
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: cb09202f889d824f23b8e4404b781be5ad38a68d
- Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha1+ OK
- Booting using the fdt blob at 0x8276e2ec
- Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
- Loading Device Tree to 8fff5000, end 8ffffb3a ... OK
-
-Starting kernel ...
-
-[ 0.582377] omap_init_mbox: hwmod doesn't have valid attrs
-[ 2.589651] musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.0.auto: Failed to request rx1.
-[ 2.595830] musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.0.auto: musb_init_controller failed with status -517
-[ 2.606470] musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.1.auto: Failed to request rx1.
-[ 2.612723] musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.1.auto: musb_init_controller failed with status -517
-[ 2.940808] drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
-[ 7.248889] libphy: PHY 4a101000.mdio:01 not found
-[ 7.253995] net eth0: phy 4a101000.mdio:01 not found on slave 1
-systemd-fsck[83]: Angstrom: clean, 50607/218160 files, 306348/872448 blocks
-
-.---O---.
-| | .-. o o
-| | |-----.-----.-----.| | .----..-----.-----.
-| | | __ | ---'| '--.| .-'| | |
-| | | | | |--- || --'| | | ' | | | |
-'---'---'--'--'--. |-----''----''--' '-----'-'-'-'
- -' |
- '---'
-
-The Angstrom Distribution beaglebone ttyO0
-
-Angstrom v2012.12 - Kernel 3.14.1+
-
-beaglebone login:
-
-At this point your kernel has been verified and you can be sure that it is one
-that you signed. As an exercise, try changing image.fit as in step 5 and see
-what happens.
-
-
-Further Improvements
---------------------
-
-Several of the steps here can be easily automated. In particular it would be
-capital if signing and packaging a kernel were easy, perhaps a simple make
-target in the kernel.
-
-Some mention of how to use multiple .dtb files in a FIT might be useful.
-
-U-Boot's verified boot mechanism has not had a robust and independent security
-review. Such a review should look at the implementation and its resistance to
-attacks.
-
-Perhaps the verified boot feature could could be integrated into the Amstrom
-distribution.
-
-
-Simon Glass
-sjg@chromium.org
-2-June-14
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/command_syntax_extensions.txt b/doc/uImage.FIT/command_syntax_extensions.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6a99089..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/command_syntax_extensions.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,201 +0,0 @@
-Command syntax extensions for the new uImage format
-===================================================
-
-Author: Bartlomiej Sieka <tur@semihalf.com>
-
-With the introduction of the new uImage format, bootm command (and other
-commands as well) have to understand new syntax of the arguments. This is
-necessary in order to specify objects contained in the new uImage, on which
-bootm has to operate. This note attempts to first summarize bootm usage
-scenarios, and then introduces new argument syntax.
-
-
-bootm usage scenarios
----------------------
-
-Below is a summary of bootm usage scenarios, focused on booting a PowerPC
-Linux kernel. The purpose of the following list is to document a complete list
-of supported bootm usages.
-
-Note: U-Boot supports two methods of booting a PowerPC Linux kernel: old way,
-i.e., without passing the Flattened Device Tree (FDT), and new way, where the
-kernel is passed a pointer to the FDT. The boot method is indicated for each
-scenario.
-
-
-1. bootm boot image at the current address, equivalent to 2,3,8
-
-Old uImage:
-2. bootm <addr1> /* single image at <addr1> */
-3. bootm <addr1> /* multi-image at <addr1> */
-4. bootm <addr1> - /* multi-image at <addr1> */
-5. bootm <addr1> <addr2> /* single image at <addr1> */
-6. bootm <addr1> <addr2> <addr3> /* single image at <addr1> */
-7. bootm <addr1> - <addr3> /* single image at <addr1> */
-
-New uImage:
-8. bootm <addr1>
-9. bootm [<addr1>]:<subimg1>
-10. bootm [<addr1>]#<conf>[#<extra-conf[#...]]
-11. bootm [<addr1>]:<subimg1> [<addr2>]:<subimg2>
-12. bootm [<addr1>]:<subimg1> [<addr2>]:<subimg2> [<addr3>]:<subimg3>
-13. bootm [<addr1>]:<subimg1> [<addr2>]:<subimg2> <addr3>
-14. bootm [<addr1>]:<subimg1> - [<addr3>]:<subimg3>
-15. bootm [<addr1>]:<subimg1> - <addr3>
-
-
-Ad. 1. This is equivalent to cases 2,3,8, depending on the type of image at
-the current image address.
-- boot method: see cases 2,3,8
-
-Ad. 2. Boot kernel image located at <addr1>.
-- boot method: non-FDT
-
-Ad. 3. First and second components of the image at <addr1> are assumed to be a
-kernel and a ramdisk, respectively. The kernel is booted with initrd loaded
-with the ramdisk from the image.
-- boot method: depends on the number of components at <addr1>, and on whether
- U-Boot is compiled with OF support:
-
- | 2 components | 3 components |
- | (kernel, initrd) | (kernel, initrd, fdt) |
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-#ifdef CONFIG_OF_* | non-FDT | FDT |
-#ifndef CONFIG_OF_* | non-FDT | non-FDT |
-
-Ad. 4. Similar to case 3, but the kernel is booted without initrd. Second
-component of the multi-image is irrelevant (it can be a dummy, 1-byte file).
-- boot method: see case 3
-
-Ad. 5. Boot kernel image located at <addr1> with initrd loaded with ramdisk
-from the image at <addr2>.
-- boot method: non-FDT
-
-Ad. 6. <addr1> is the address of a kernel image, <addr2> is the address of a
-ramdisk image, and <addr3> is the address of a FDT binary blob. Kernel is
-booted with initrd loaded with ramdisk from the image at <addr2>.
-- boot method: FDT
-
-Ad. 7. <addr1> is the address of a kernel image and <addr3> is the address of
-a FDT binary blob. Kernel is booted without initrd.
-- boot method: FDT
-
-Ad. 8. Image at <addr1> is assumed to contain a default configuration, which
-is booted.
-- boot method: FDT or non-FDT, depending on whether the default configuration
- defines FDT
-
-Ad. 9. Similar to case 2: boot kernel stored in <subimg1> from the image at
-address <addr1>.
-- boot method: non-FDT
-
-Ad. 10. Boot configuration <conf> from the image at <addr1>.
-- boot method: FDT or non-FDT, depending on whether the configuration given
- defines FDT
-
-Ad. 11. Equivalent to case 5: boot kernel stored in <subimg1> from the image
-at <addr1> with initrd loaded with ramdisk <subimg2> from the image at
-<addr2>.
-- boot method: non-FDT
-
-Ad. 12. Equivalent to case 6: boot kernel stored in <subimg1> from the image
-at <addr1> with initrd loaded with ramdisk <subimg2> from the image at
-<addr2>, and pass FDT blob <subimg3> from the image at <addr3>.
-- boot method: FDT
-
-Ad. 13. Similar to case 12, the difference being that <addr3> is the address
-of FDT binary blob that is to be passed to the kernel.
-- boot method: FDT
-
-Ad. 14. Equivalent to case 7: boot kernel stored in <subimg1> from the image
-at <addr1>, without initrd, and pass FDT blob <subimg3> from the image at
-<addr3>.
-- boot method: FDT
-
-Ad. 15. Similar to case 14, the difference being that <addr3> is the address
-of the FDT binary blob that is to be passed to the kernel.
-- boot method: FDT
-
-
-New uImage argument syntax
---------------------------
-
-New uImage support introduces two new forms for bootm arguments, with the
-following syntax:
-
-- new uImage sub-image specification
-<addr>:<sub-image unit_name>
-
-- new uImage configuration specification
-<addr>#<configuration unit_name>
-
-- new uImage configuration specification with extra configuration components
-<addr>#<configuration unit_name>[#<extra configuration unit_name>[#..]]
-
-The extra configuration currently is supported only for additional device tree
-overlays to apply on the base device tree supplied by the first configuration
-unit.
-
-Examples:
-
-- boot kernel "kernel-1" stored in a new uImage located at 200000:
-bootm 200000:kernel-1
-
-- boot configuration "cfg-1" from a new uImage located at 200000:
-bootm 200000#cfg-1
-
-- boot configuration "cfg-1" with extra "cfg-2" from a new uImage located
- at 200000:
-bootm 200000#cfg-1#cfg-2
-
-- boot "kernel-1" from a new uImage at 200000 with initrd "ramdisk-2" found in
- some other new uImage stored at address 800000:
-bootm 200000:kernel-1 800000:ramdisk-2
-
-- boot "kernel-2" from a new uImage at 200000, with initrd "ramdisk-1" and FDT
- "fdt-1", both stored in some other new uImage located at 800000:
-bootm 200000:kernel-1 800000:ramdisk-1 800000:fdt-1
-
-- boot kernel "kernel-2" with initrd "ramdisk-2", both stored in a new uImage
- at address 200000, with a raw FDT blob stored at address 600000:
-bootm 200000:kernel-2 200000:ramdisk-2 600000
-
-- boot kernel "kernel-2" from new uImage at 200000 with FDT "fdt-1" from the
- same new uImage:
-bootm 200000:kernel-2 - 200000:fdt-1
-
-
-Note on current image address
------------------------------
-
-When bootm is called without arguments, the image at current image address is
-booted. The current image address is the address set most recently by a load
-command, etc, and is by default equal to CONFIG_SYS_LOAD_ADDR. For example, consider
-the following commands:
-
-tftp 200000 /tftpboot/kernel
-bootm
-Last command is equivalent to:
-bootm 200000
-
-In case of the new uImage argument syntax, the address portion of any argument
-can be omitted. If <addr3> is omitted, then it is assumed that image at
-<addr2> should be used. Similarly, when <addr2> is omitted, it is assumed that
-image at <addr1> should be used. If <addr1> is omitted, it is assumed that the
-current image address is to be used. For example, consider the following
-commands:
-
-tftp 200000 /tftpboot/uImage
-bootm :kernel-1
-Last command is equivalent to:
-bootm 200000:kernel-1
-
-tftp 200000 /tftpboot/uImage
-bootm 400000:kernel-1 :ramdisk-1
-Last command is equivalent to:
-bootm 400000:kernel-1 400000:ramdisk-1
-
-tftp 200000 /tftpboot/uImage
-bootm :kernel-1 400000:ramdisk-1 :fdt-1
-Last command is equivalent to:
-bootm 200000:kernel-1 400000:ramdisk-1 400000:fdt-1
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/howto.txt b/doc/uImage.FIT/howto.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6dbd17d..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/howto.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,411 +0,0 @@
-How to use images in the new image format
-=========================================
-
-Author: Bartlomiej Sieka <tur@semihalf.com>
-
-
-Overview
---------
-
-The new uImage format allows more flexibility in handling images of various
-types (kernel, ramdisk, etc.), it also enhances integrity protection of images
-with sha1 and md5 checksums.
-
-Two auxiliary tools are needed on the development host system in order to
-create an uImage in the new format: mkimage and dtc, although only one
-(mkimage) is invoked directly. dtc is called from within mkimage and operates
-behind the scenes, but needs to be present in the $PATH nevertheless. It is
-important that the dtc used has support for binary includes -- refer to
-
- git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/dtc/dtc.git
-
-for its latest version. mkimage (together with dtc) takes as input
-an image source file, which describes the contents of the image and defines
-its various properties used during booting. By convention, image source file
-has the ".its" extension, also, the details of its format are given in
-doc/uImage.FIT/source_file_format.txt. The actual data that is to be included in
-the uImage (kernel, ramdisk, etc.) is specified in the image source file in the
-form of paths to appropriate data files. The outcome of the image creation
-process is a binary file (by convention with the ".itb" extension) that
-contains all the referenced data (kernel, ramdisk, etc.) and other information
-needed by U-Boot to handle the uImage properly. The uImage file is then
-transferred to the target (e.g., via tftp) and booted using the bootm command.
-
-To summarize the prerequisites needed for new uImage creation:
-- mkimage
-- dtc (with support for binary includes)
-- image source file (*.its)
-- image data file(s)
-
-
-Here's a graphical overview of the image creation and booting process:
-
-image source file mkimage + dtc transfer to target
- + ---------------> image file --------------------> bootm
-image data file(s)
-
-SPL usage
----------
-
-The SPL can make use of the new image format as well, this traditionally
-is used to ship multiple device tree files within one image. Code in the SPL
-will choose the one matching the current board and append this to the
-U-Boot proper binary to be automatically used up by it.
-Aside from U-Boot proper and one device tree blob the SPL can load multiple,
-arbitrary image files as well. These binaries should be specified in their
-own subnode under the /images node, which should then be referenced from one or
-multiple /configurations subnodes. The required images must be enumerated in
-the "loadables" property as a list of strings.
-
-If a platform specific image source file (.its) is shipped with the U-Boot
-source, it can be specified using the CONFIG_SPL_FIT_SOURCE Kconfig symbol.
-In this case it will be automatically used by U-Boot's Makefile to generate
-the image.
-If a static source file is not flexible enough, CONFIG_SPL_FIT_GENERATOR
-can point to a script which generates this image source file during
-the build process. It gets passed a list of device tree files (taken from the
-CONFIG_OF_LIST symbol).
-
-The SPL also records to a DT all additional images (called loadables) which are
-loaded. The information about loadables locations is passed via the DT node with
-fit-images name.
-
-Finally, if there are multiple xPL phases (e.g. SPL, VPL), images can be marked
-as intended for a particular phase using the 'phase' property. For example, if
-fit_image_load() is called with image_ph(IH_PHASE_SPL, IH_TYPE_FIRMWARE), then
-only the image listed into the "firmware" property where phase is set to "spl"
-will be loaded.
-
-Loadables Example
------------------
-Consider the following case for an ARM64 platform where U-Boot runs in EL2
-started by ATF where SPL is loading U-Boot (as loadables) and ATF (as firmware).
-
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/ {
- description = "Configuration to load ATF before U-Boot";
-
- images {
- uboot {
- description = "U-Boot (64-bit)";
- data = /incbin/("u-boot-nodtb.bin");
- type = "firmware";
- os = "u-boot";
- arch = "arm64";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x8 0x8000000>;
- entry = <0x8 0x8000000>;
- hash {
- algo = "md5";
- };
- };
- atf {
- description = "ARM Trusted Firmware";
- data = /incbin/("bl31.bin");
- type = "firmware";
- os = "arm-trusted-firmware";
- arch = "arm64";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0xfffea000>;
- entry = <0xfffea000>;
- hash {
- algo = "md5";
- };
- };
- fdt_1 {
- description = "zynqmp-zcu102-revA";
- data = /incbin/("arch/arm/dts/zynqmp-zcu102-revA.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm64";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x100000>;
- hash {
- algo = "md5";
- };
- };
- };
- configurations {
- default = "config_1";
-
- config_1 {
- description = "zynqmp-zcu102-revA";
- firmware = "atf";
- loadables = "uboot";
- fdt = "fdt_1";
- };
- };
-};
-
-In this case the SPL records via fit-images DT node the information about
-loadables U-Boot image.
-
-ZynqMP> fdt addr $fdtcontroladdr
-ZynqMP> fdt print /fit-images
-fit-images {
- uboot {
- os = "u-boot";
- type = "firmware";
- size = <0x001017c8>;
- entry = <0x00000008 0x08000000>;
- load = <0x00000008 0x08000000>;
- };
-};
-
-As you can see entry and load properties are 64bit wide to support loading
-images above 4GB (in past entry and load properties where just 32bit).
-
-
-Example 1 -- old-style (non-FDT) kernel booting
------------------------------------------------
-
-Consider a simple scenario, where a PPC Linux kernel built from sources on the
-development host is to be booted old-style (non-FDT) by U-Boot on an embedded
-target. Assume that the outcome of the build is vmlinux.bin.gz, a file which
-contains a gzip-compressed PPC Linux kernel (the only data file in this case).
-The uImage can be produced using the image source file
-doc/uImage.FIT/kernel.its (note that kernel.its assumes that vmlinux.bin.gz is
-in the current working directory; if desired, an alternative path can be
-specified in the kernel.its file). Here's how to create the image and inspect
-its contents:
-
-[on the host system]
-$ mkimage -f kernel.its kernel.itb
-DTC: dts->dtb on file "kernel.its"
-$
-$ mkimage -l kernel.itb
-FIT description: Simple image with single Linux kernel
-Created: Tue Mar 11 17:26:15 2008
- Image 0 (kernel)
- Description: Vanilla Linux kernel
- Type: Kernel Image
- Compression: gzip compressed
- Data Size: 943347 Bytes = 921.24 kB = 0.90 MB
- Architecture: PowerPC
- OS: Linux
- Load Address: 0x00000000
- Entry Point: 0x00000000
- Hash algo: crc32
- Hash value: 2ae2bb40
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: 3c200f34e2c226ddc789240cca0c59fc54a67cf4
- Default Configuration: 'config-1'
- Configuration 0 (config-1)
- Description: Boot Linux kernel
- Kernel: kernel
-
-
-The resulting image file kernel.itb can be now transferred to the target,
-inspected and booted (note that first three U-Boot commands below are shown
-for completeness -- they are part of the standard booting procedure and not
-specific to the new image format).
-
-[on the target system]
-=> print nfsargs
-nfsargs=setenv bootargs root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=${serverip}:${rootpath}
-=> print addip
-addip=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} ip=${ipaddr}:${serverip}:${gatewayip}:${netmask}:${hostname}:${netdev}:off panic=1
-=> run nfsargs addip
-=> tftp 900000 /path/to/tftp/location/kernel.itb
-Using FEC device
-TFTP from server 192.168.1.1; our IP address is 192.168.160.5
-Filename '/path/to/tftp/location/kernel.itb'.
-Load address: 0x900000
-Loading: #################################################################
-done
-Bytes transferred = 944464 (e6950 hex)
-=> iminfo
-
-## Checking Image at 00900000 ...
- FIT image found
- FIT description: Simple image with single Linux kernel
- Created: 2008-03-11 16:26:15 UTC
- Image 0 (kernel)
- Description: Vanilla Linux kernel
- Type: Kernel Image
- Compression: gzip compressed
- Data Start: 0x009000e0
- Data Size: 943347 Bytes = 921.2 kB
- Architecture: PowerPC
- OS: Linux
- Load Address: 0x00000000
- Entry Point: 0x00000000
- Hash algo: crc32
- Hash value: 2ae2bb40
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: 3c200f34e2c226ddc789240cca0c59fc54a67cf4
- Default Configuration: 'config-1'
- Configuration 0 (config-1)
- Description: Boot Linux kernel
- Kernel: kernel
-
-=> bootm
-## Booting kernel from FIT Image at 00900000 ...
- Using 'config-1' configuration
- Trying 'kernel' kernel subimage
- Description: Vanilla Linux kernel
- Type: Kernel Image
- Compression: gzip compressed
- Data Start: 0x009000e0
- Data Size: 943347 Bytes = 921.2 kB
- Architecture: PowerPC
- OS: Linux
- Load Address: 0x00000000
- Entry Point: 0x00000000
- Hash algo: crc32
- Hash value: 2ae2bb40
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: 3c200f34e2c226ddc789240cca0c59fc54a67cf4
- Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
- Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
-Memory BAT mapping: BAT2=256Mb, BAT3=0Mb, residual: 0Mb
-Linux version 2.4.25 (m8@hekate) (gcc version 4.0.0 (DENX ELDK 4.0 4.0.0)) #2 czw lip 5 17:56:18 CEST 2007
-On node 0 totalpages: 65536
-zone(0): 65536 pages.
-zone(1): 0 pages.
-zone(2): 0 pages.
-Kernel command line: root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.1.1:/opt/eldk-4.1/ppc_6xx ip=192.168.160.5:192.168.1.1::255.255.0.0:lite5200b:eth0:off panic=1
-Calibrating delay loop... 307.20 BogoMIPS
-
-
-Example 2 -- new-style (FDT) kernel booting
--------------------------------------------
-
-Consider another simple scenario, where a PPC Linux kernel is to be booted
-new-style, i.e., with a FDT blob. In this case there are two prerequisite data
-files: vmlinux.bin.gz (Linux kernel) and target.dtb (FDT blob). The uImage can
-be produced using image source file doc/uImage.FIT/kernel_fdt.its like this
-(note again, that both prerequisite data files are assumed to be present in
-the current working directory -- image source file kernel_fdt.its can be
-modified to take the files from some other location if needed):
-
-[on the host system]
-$ mkimage -f kernel_fdt.its kernel_fdt.itb
-DTC: dts->dtb on file "kernel_fdt.its"
-$
-$ mkimage -l kernel_fdt.itb
-FIT description: Simple image with single Linux kernel and FDT blob
-Created: Tue Mar 11 16:29:22 2008
- Image 0 (kernel)
- Description: Vanilla Linux kernel
- Type: Kernel Image
- Compression: gzip compressed
- Data Size: 1092037 Bytes = 1066.44 kB = 1.04 MB
- Architecture: PowerPC
- OS: Linux
- Load Address: 0x00000000
- Entry Point: 0x00000000
- Hash algo: crc32
- Hash value: 2c0cc807
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: 264b59935470e42c418744f83935d44cdf59a3bb
- Image 1 (fdt-1)
- Description: Flattened Device Tree blob
- Type: Flat Device Tree
- Compression: uncompressed
- Data Size: 16384 Bytes = 16.00 kB = 0.02 MB
- Architecture: PowerPC
- Hash algo: crc32
- Hash value: 0d655d71
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: 25ab4e15cd4b8a5144610394560d9c318ce52def
- Default Configuration: 'conf-1'
- Configuration 0 (conf-1)
- Description: Boot Linux kernel with FDT blob
- Kernel: kernel
- FDT: fdt-1
-
-
-The resulting image file kernel_fdt.itb can be now transferred to the target,
-inspected and booted:
-
-[on the target system]
-=> tftp 900000 /path/to/tftp/location/kernel_fdt.itb
-Using FEC device
-TFTP from server 192.168.1.1; our IP address is 192.168.160.5
-Filename '/path/to/tftp/location/kernel_fdt.itb'.
-Load address: 0x900000
-Loading: #################################################################
- ###########
-done
-Bytes transferred = 1109776 (10ef10 hex)
-=> iminfo
-
-## Checking Image at 00900000 ...
- FIT image found
- FIT description: Simple image with single Linux kernel and FDT blob
- Created: 2008-03-11 15:29:22 UTC
- Image 0 (kernel)
- Description: Vanilla Linux kernel
- Type: Kernel Image
- Compression: gzip compressed
- Data Start: 0x009000ec
- Data Size: 1092037 Bytes = 1 MB
- Architecture: PowerPC
- OS: Linux
- Load Address: 0x00000000
- Entry Point: 0x00000000
- Hash algo: crc32
- Hash value: 2c0cc807
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: 264b59935470e42c418744f83935d44cdf59a3bb
- Image 1 (fdt-1)
- Description: Flattened Device Tree blob
- Type: Flat Device Tree
- Compression: uncompressed
- Data Start: 0x00a0abdc
- Data Size: 16384 Bytes = 16 kB
- Architecture: PowerPC
- Hash algo: crc32
- Hash value: 0d655d71
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: 25ab4e15cd4b8a5144610394560d9c318ce52def
- Default Configuration: 'conf-1'
- Configuration 0 (conf-1)
- Description: Boot Linux kernel with FDT blob
- Kernel: kernel
- FDT: fdt-1
-=> bootm
-## Booting kernel from FIT Image at 00900000 ...
- Using 'conf-1' configuration
- Trying 'kernel' kernel subimage
- Description: Vanilla Linux kernel
- Type: Kernel Image
- Compression: gzip compressed
- Data Start: 0x009000ec
- Data Size: 1092037 Bytes = 1 MB
- Architecture: PowerPC
- OS: Linux
- Load Address: 0x00000000
- Entry Point: 0x00000000
- Hash algo: crc32
- Hash value: 2c0cc807
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: 264b59935470e42c418744f83935d44cdf59a3bb
- Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
- Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
-## Flattened Device Tree from FIT Image at 00900000
- Using 'conf-1' configuration
- Trying 'fdt-1' FDT blob subimage
- Description: Flattened Device Tree blob
- Type: Flat Device Tree
- Compression: uncompressed
- Data Start: 0x00a0abdc
- Data Size: 16384 Bytes = 16 kB
- Architecture: PowerPC
- Hash algo: crc32
- Hash value: 0d655d71
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: 25ab4e15cd4b8a5144610394560d9c318ce52def
- Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
- Booting using the fdt blob at 0xa0abdc
- Loading Device Tree to 007fc000, end 007fffff ... OK
-[ 0.000000] Using lite5200 machine description
-[ 0.000000] Linux version 2.6.24-rc6-gaebecdfc (m8@hekate) (gcc version 4.0.0 (DENX ELDK 4.1 4.0.0)) #1 Sat Jan 12 15:38:48 CET 2008
-
-
-Example 3 -- advanced booting
------------------------------
-
-Refer to doc/uImage.FIT/multi.its for an image source file that allows more
-sophisticated booting scenarios (multiple kernels, ramdisks and fdt blobs).
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/kernel.its b/doc/uImage.FIT/kernel.its
deleted file mode 100644
index 77ddf62..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/kernel.its
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Simple U-Boot uImage source file containing a single kernel
- */
-
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/ {
- description = "Simple image with single Linux kernel";
- #address-cells = <1>;
-
- images {
- kernel {
- description = "Vanilla Linux kernel";
- data = /incbin/("./vmlinux.bin.gz");
- type = "kernel";
- arch = "ppc";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "gzip";
- load = <00000000>;
- entry = <00000000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "crc32";
- };
- hash-2 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
- };
-
- configurations {
- default = "config-1";
- config-1 {
- description = "Boot Linux kernel";
- kernel = "kernel";
- };
- };
-};
-
-
-
-For x86 a setup node is also required: see x86-fit-boot.txt.
-
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/ {
- description = "Simple image with single Linux kernel on x86";
- #address-cells = <1>;
-
- images {
- kernel {
- description = "Vanilla Linux kernel";
- data = /incbin/("./image.bin.lzo");
- type = "kernel";
- arch = "x86";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "lzo";
- load = <0x01000000>;
- entry = <0x00000000>;
- hash-2 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
-
- setup {
- description = "Linux setup.bin";
- data = /incbin/("./setup.bin");
- type = "x86_setup";
- arch = "x86";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x00090000>;
- entry = <0x00090000>;
- hash-2 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
- };
-
- configurations {
- default = "config-1";
- config-1 {
- description = "Boot Linux kernel";
- kernel = "kernel";
- setup = "setup";
- };
- };
-};
-
-Note: the above assumes a 32-bit kernel. To directly boot a 64-bit kernel,
-change both arch values to "x86_64". U-Boot will then change to 64-bit mode
-before booting the kernel (see boot_linux_kernel()).
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/kernel_fdt.its b/doc/uImage.FIT/kernel_fdt.its
deleted file mode 100644
index 000d85b..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/kernel_fdt.its
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Simple U-Boot uImage source file containing a single kernel and FDT blob
- */
-
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/ {
- description = "Simple image with single Linux kernel and FDT blob";
- #address-cells = <1>;
-
- images {
- kernel {
- description = "Vanilla Linux kernel";
- data = /incbin/("./vmlinux.bin.gz");
- type = "kernel";
- arch = "ppc";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "gzip";
- load = <00000000>;
- entry = <00000000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "crc32";
- };
- hash-2 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
- fdt-1 {
- description = "Flattened Device Tree blob";
- data = /incbin/("./target.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "ppc";
- compression = "none";
- hash-1 {
- algo = "crc32";
- };
- hash-2 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
- };
-
- configurations {
- default = "conf-1";
- conf-1 {
- description = "Boot Linux kernel with FDT blob";
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1";
- };
- };
-};
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/kernel_fdts_compressed.its b/doc/uImage.FIT/kernel_fdts_compressed.its
deleted file mode 100644
index 8f81106e..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/kernel_fdts_compressed.its
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * U-Boot uImage source file with a kernel and multiple compressed FDT blobs.
- * Since the FDTs are compressed, configurations must provide a compatible
- * string to match directly.
- */
-
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/ {
- description = "Image with single Linux kernel and compressed FDT blobs";
- #address-cells = <1>;
-
- images {
- kernel {
- description = "Vanilla Linux kernel";
- data = /incbin/("./vmlinux.bin.gz");
- type = "kernel";
- arch = "ppc";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "gzip";
- load = <00000000>;
- entry = <00000000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "crc32";
- };
- hash-2 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
- fdt@1 {
- description = "Flattened Device Tree blob 1";
- data = /incbin/("./myboard-var1.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "ppc";
- compression = "gzip";
- hash-1 {
- algo = "crc32";
- };
- hash-2 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
- fdt@2 {
- description = "Flattened Device Tree blob 2";
- data = /incbin/("./myboard-var2.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "ppc";
- compression = "lzma";
- hash-1 {
- algo = "crc32";
- };
- hash-2 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
- };
-
- configurations {
- default = "conf@1";
- conf@1 {
- description = "Boot Linux kernel with FDT blob 1";
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt@1";
- compatible = "myvendor,myboard-variant1";
- };
- conf@2 {
- description = "Boot Linux kernel with FDT blob 2";
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt@2";
- compatible = "myvendor,myboard-variant2";
- };
- };
-};
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/multi-with-fpga.its b/doc/uImage.FIT/multi-with-fpga.its
deleted file mode 100644
index 021cbc7..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/multi-with-fpga.its
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * U-Boot uImage source file with multiple kernels, ramdisks and FDT blobs
- * This example makes use of the 'loadables' field
- */
-
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/ {
- description = "Configuration to load fpga before Kernel";
- #address-cells = <1>;
-
- images {
- fdt-1 {
- description = "zc706";
- data = /incbin/("/tftpboot/devicetree.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x10000000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "md5";
- };
- };
-
- fpga {
- description = "FPGA";
- data = /incbin/("/tftpboot/download.bit");
- type = "fpga";
- arch = "arm";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x30000000>;
- compatible = "u-boot,fpga-legacy"
- hash-1 {
- algo = "md5";
- };
- };
-
- linux_kernel {
- description = "Linux";
- data = /incbin/("/tftpboot/zImage");
- type = "kernel";
- arch = "arm";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x8000>;
- entry = <0x8000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "md5";
- };
- };
- };
-
- configurations {
- default = "config-2";
- config-1 {
- description = "Linux";
- kernel = "linux_kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1";
- };
-
- config-2 {
- description = "Linux with fpga";
- kernel = "linux_kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1";
- loadables = "fpga";
- };
- };
-};
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/multi-with-loadables.its b/doc/uImage.FIT/multi-with-loadables.its
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d4909f..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/multi-with-loadables.its
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * U-Boot uImage source file with multiple kernels, ramdisks and FDT blobs
- * This example makes use of the 'loadables' field
- */
-
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/ {
- description = "Configuration to load a Xen Kernel";
- #address-cells = <1>;
-
- images {
- xen_kernel {
- description = "xen binary";
- data = /incbin/("./xen");
- type = "kernel";
- arch = "arm";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0xa0000000>;
- entry = <0xa0000000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "md5";
- };
- };
-
- fdt-1 {
- description = "xexpress-ca15 tree blob";
- data = /incbin/("./vexpress-v2p-ca15-tc1.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0xb0000000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "md5";
- };
- };
-
- fdt-2 {
- description = "xexpress-ca15 tree blob";
- data = /incbin/("./vexpress-v2p-ca15-tc1.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0xb0400000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "md5";
- };
- };
-
- linux_kernel {
- description = "Linux Image";
- data = /incbin/("./Image");
- type = "kernel";
- arch = "arm";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0xa0000000>;
- entry = <0xa0000000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "md5";
- };
- };
- };
-
- configurations {
- default = "config-2";
-
- config-1 {
- description = "Just plain Linux";
- kernel = "linux_kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1";
- };
-
- config-2 {
- description = "Xen one loadable";
- kernel = "xen_kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1";
- loadables = "linux_kernel";
- };
-
- config-3 {
- description = "Xen two loadables";
- kernel = "xen_kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1";
- loadables = "linux_kernel", "fdt-2";
- };
- };
-};
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/multi.its b/doc/uImage.FIT/multi.its
deleted file mode 100644
index 26c8dad..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/multi.its
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * U-Boot uImage source file with multiple kernels, ramdisks and FDT blobs
- */
-
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/ {
- description = "Various kernels, ramdisks and FDT blobs";
- #address-cells = <1>;
-
- images {
- kernel-1 {
- description = "vanilla-2.6.23";
- data = /incbin/("./vmlinux.bin.gz");
- type = "kernel";
- arch = "ppc";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "gzip";
- load = <00000000>;
- entry = <00000000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "md5";
- };
- hash-2 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
-
- kernel-2 {
- description = "2.6.23-denx";
- data = /incbin/("./2.6.23-denx.bin.gz");
- type = "kernel";
- arch = "ppc";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "gzip";
- load = <00000000>;
- entry = <00000000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
-
- kernel-3 {
- description = "2.4.25-denx";
- data = /incbin/("./2.4.25-denx.bin.gz");
- type = "kernel";
- arch = "ppc";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "gzip";
- load = <00000000>;
- entry = <00000000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "md5";
- };
- };
-
- ramdisk-1 {
- description = "eldk-4.2-ramdisk";
- data = /incbin/("./eldk-4.2-ramdisk");
- type = "ramdisk";
- arch = "ppc";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "gzip";
- load = <00000000>;
- entry = <00000000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
-
- ramdisk-2 {
- description = "eldk-3.1-ramdisk";
- data = /incbin/("./eldk-3.1-ramdisk");
- type = "ramdisk";
- arch = "ppc";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "gzip";
- load = <00000000>;
- entry = <00000000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "crc32";
- };
- };
-
- fdt-1 {
- description = "tqm5200-fdt";
- data = /incbin/("./tqm5200.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "ppc";
- compression = "none";
- hash-1 {
- algo = "crc32";
- };
- };
-
- fdt-2 {
- description = "tqm5200s-fdt";
- data = /incbin/("./tqm5200s.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "ppc";
- compression = "none";
- load = <00700000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
-
- };
-
- configurations {
- default = "config-1";
-
- config-1 {
- description = "tqm5200 vanilla-2.6.23 configuration";
- kernel = "kernel-1";
- ramdisk = "ramdisk-1";
- fdt = "fdt-1";
- };
-
- config-2 {
- description = "tqm5200s denx-2.6.23 configuration";
- kernel = "kernel-2";
- ramdisk = "ramdisk-1";
- fdt = "fdt-2";
- };
-
- config-3 {
- description = "tqm5200s denx-2.4.25 configuration";
- kernel = "kernel-3";
- ramdisk = "ramdisk-2";
- };
- };
-};
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/multi_spl.its b/doc/uImage.FIT/multi_spl.its
deleted file mode 100644
index 5942199..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/multi_spl.its
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/*
- * (Bogus) example FIT image description file demonstrating the usage
- * of multiple images loaded by the SPL.
- * Several binaries will be loaded at their respective load addresses.
- *
- * For booting U-Boot, "firmware" is searched first. If not found, "loadables"
- * is used to identify images to be loaded into memory. If falcon boot is
- * enabled, "kernel" is searched first. If not found, it falls back to the
- * same flow as booting U-Boot. Changing image type will result skipping
- * specific image.
- *
- * Finally the one image specifying an entry point will be entered by the SPL.
- */
-
-/ {
- description = "multiple firmware blobs and U-Boot, loaded by SPL";
- #address-cells = <0x1>;
-
- images {
-
- uboot {
- description = "U-Boot (64-bit)";
- type = "standalone";
- arch = "arm64";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x4a000000>;
- };
-
- atf {
- description = "ARM Trusted Firmware";
- type = "firmware";
- arch = "arm64";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x18000>;
- entry = <0x18000>;
- };
-
- mgmt-firmware {
- description = "arisc management processor firmware";
- type = "firmware";
- arch = "or1k";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x40000>;
- };
-
- fdt-1 {
- description = "Pine64+ DT";
- type = "flat_dt";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x4fa00000>;
- arch = "arm64";
- };
-
- fdt-2 {
- description = "Pine64 DT";
- type = "flat_dt";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x4fa00000>;
- arch = "arm64";
- };
-
- kernel {
- description = "4.7-rc5 kernel";
- type = "kernel";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x40080000>;
- arch = "arm64";
- };
-
- initrd {
- description = "Debian installer initrd";
- type = "ramdisk";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x4fe00000>;
- arch = "arm64";
- };
- };
-
- configurations {
- default = "config-1";
-
- config-1 {
- description = "sun50i-a64-pine64-plus";
- loadables = "uboot", "atf", "kernel", "initrd";
- fdt = "fdt-1";
- };
-
- config-2 {
- description = "sun50i-a64-pine64";
- loadables = "uboot", "atf", "mgmt-firmware";
- fdt = "fdt-2";
- };
- };
-};
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/overlay-fdt-boot.txt b/doc/uImage.FIT/overlay-fdt-boot.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index dddc4db..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/overlay-fdt-boot.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,225 +0,0 @@
-U-Boot FDT Overlay FIT usage
-============================
-
-Introduction
-------------
-In many cases it is desirable to have a single FIT image support a multitude
-of similar boards and their expansion options. The same kernel on DT enabled
-platforms can support this easily enough by providing a DT blob upon boot
-that matches the desired configuration.
-
-This document focuses on specifically using overlays as part of a FIT image.
-General information regarding overlays including its syntax and building it
-can be found in doc/README.fdt-overlays
-
-Configuration without overlays
-------------------------------
-
-Take a hypothetical board named 'foo' where there are different supported
-revisions, reva and revb. Assume that both board revisions can use add a bar
-add-on board, while only the revb board can use a baz add-on board.
-
-Without using overlays the configuration would be as follows for every case.
-
- /dts-v1/;
- / {
- images {
- kernel {
- data = /incbin/("./zImage");
- type = "kernel";
- arch = "arm";
- os = "linux";
- load = <0x82000000>;
- entry = <0x82000000>;
- };
- fdt-1 {
- data = /incbin/("./foo-reva.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- };
- fdt-2 {
- data = /incbin/("./foo-revb.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- };
- fdt-3 {
- data = /incbin/("./foo-reva-bar.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- };
- fdt-4 {
- data = /incbin/("./foo-revb-bar.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- };
- fdt-5 {
- data = /incbin/("./foo-revb-baz.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- };
- fdt-6 {
- data = /incbin/("./foo-revb-bar-baz.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- };
- };
-
- configurations {
- default = "foo-reva.dtb;
- foo-reva.dtb {
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1";
- };
- foo-revb.dtb {
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-2";
- };
- foo-reva-bar.dtb {
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-3";
- };
- foo-revb-bar.dtb {
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-4";
- };
- foo-revb-baz.dtb {
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-5";
- };
- foo-revb-bar-baz.dtb {
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-6";
- };
- };
- };
-
-Note the blob needs to be compiled for each case and the combinatorial explosion of
-configurations. A typical device tree blob is in the low hunderds of kbytes so a
-multitude of configuration grows the image quite a bit.
-
-Booting this image is done by using
-
- # bootm <addr>#<config>
-
-Where config is one of:
- foo-reva.dtb, foo-revb.dtb, foo-reva-bar.dtb, foo-revb-bar.dtb,
- foo-revb-baz.dtb, foo-revb-bar-baz.dtb
-
-This selects the DTB to use when booting.
-
-Configuration using overlays
-----------------------------
-
-Device tree overlays can be applied to a base DT and result in the same blob
-being passed to the booting kernel. This saves on space and avoid the combinatorial
-explosion problem.
-
- /dts-v1/;
- / {
- images {
- kernel {
- data = /incbin/("./zImage");
- type = "kernel";
- arch = "arm";
- os = "linux";
- load = <0x82000000>;
- entry = <0x82000000>;
- };
- fdt-1 {
- data = /incbin/("./foo.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- load = <0x87f00000>;
- };
- fdt-2 {
- data = /incbin/("./reva.dtbo");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- load = <0x87fc0000>;
- };
- fdt-3 {
- data = /incbin/("./revb.dtbo");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- load = <0x87fc0000>;
- };
- fdt-4 {
- data = /incbin/("./bar.dtbo");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- load = <0x87fc0000>;
- };
- fdt-5 {
- data = /incbin/("./baz.dtbo");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- load = <0x87fc0000>;
- };
- };
-
- configurations {
- default = "foo-reva.dtb;
- foo-reva.dtb {
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1", "fdt-2";
- };
- foo-revb.dtb {
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1", "fdt-3";
- };
- foo-reva-bar.dtb {
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1", "fdt-2", "fdt-4";
- };
- foo-revb-bar.dtb {
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1", "fdt-3", "fdt-4";
- };
- foo-revb-baz.dtb {
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1", "fdt-3", "fdt-5";
- };
- foo-revb-bar-baz.dtb {
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1", "fdt-3", "fdt-4", "fdt-5";
- };
- bar {
- fdt = "fdt-4";
- };
- baz {
- fdt = "fdt-5";
- };
- };
- };
-
-Booting this image is exactly the same as the non-overlay example.
-u-boot will retrieve the base blob and apply the overlays in sequence as
-they are declared in the configuration.
-
-Note the minimum amount of different DT blobs, as well as the requirement for
-the DT blobs to have a load address; the overlay application requires the blobs
-to be writeable.
-
-Configuration using overlays and feature selection
---------------------------------------------------
-
-Although the configuration in the previous section works is a bit inflexible
-since it requires all possible configuration options to be laid out before
-hand in the FIT image. For the add-on boards the extra config selection method
-might make sense.
-
-Note the two bar & baz configuration nodes. To boot a reva board with
-the bar add-on board enabled simply use:
-
- # bootm <addr>#foo-reva.dtb#bar
-
-While booting a revb with bar and baz is as follows:
-
- # bootm <addr>#foo-revb.dtb#bar#baz
-
-The limitation for a feature selection configuration node is that a single
-fdt option is currently supported.
-
-Pantelis Antoniou
-pantelis.antoniou@konsulko.com
-12/6/2017
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/sec_firmware_ppa.its b/doc/uImage.FIT/sec_firmware_ppa.its
deleted file mode 100644
index a7acde1..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/sec_firmware_ppa.its
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/*
- * Example FIT image description file demonstrating the usage
- * of SEC Firmware and multiple loadable images loaded by the u-boot.
- * For booting PPA (SEC Firmware), "firmware" is searched and loaded.
- *
- * Multiple binaries will be loaded as "loadables" (if present) at their
- * respective load offsets from firmware image address.
- */
-
-/{
- description = "PPA Firmware";
- #address-cells = <1>;
- images {
- firmware@1 {
- description = "PPA Firmware: <version>";
- data = /incbin/("../obj/monitor.bin");
- type = "firmware";
- arch = "arm64";
- compression = "none";
- };
- trustedOS@1 {
- description = "Trusted OS";
- data = /incbin/("../../tee.bin");
- type = "OS";
- arch = "arm64";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x00200000>;
- };
- fuse_scr {
- description = "Fuse Script";
- data = /incbin/("../../fuse_scr.bin");
- type = "firmware";
- arch = "arm64";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x00180000>;
- };
- };
-
- configurations {
- default = "config-1";
- config-1 {
- description = "PPA Secure firmware";
- firmware = "firmware@1";
- loadables = "trustedOS@1", "fuse_scr";
- };
- };
-};
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/sign-configs.its b/doc/uImage.FIT/sign-configs.its
deleted file mode 100644
index 9e992c1..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/sign-configs.its
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/ {
- description = "Chrome OS kernel image with one or more FDT blobs";
- #address-cells = <1>;
-
- images {
- kernel {
- data = /incbin/("test-kernel.bin");
- type = "kernel_noload";
- arch = "sandbox";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "lzo";
- load = <0x4>;
- entry = <0x8>;
- kernel-version = <1>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
- fdt-1 {
- description = "snow";
- data = /incbin/("sandbox-kernel.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "sandbox";
- compression = "none";
- fdt-version = <1>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
- };
- configurations {
- default = "conf-1";
- conf-1 {
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1";
- signature {
- algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
- key-name-hint = "dev";
- sign-images = "fdt", "kernel";
- };
- };
- };
-};
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/sign-images.its b/doc/uImage.FIT/sign-images.its
deleted file mode 100644
index 18c759e..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/sign-images.its
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/ {
- description = "Chrome OS kernel image with one or more FDT blobs";
- #address-cells = <1>;
-
- images {
- kernel {
- data = /incbin/("test-kernel.bin");
- type = "kernel_noload";
- arch = "sandbox";
- os = "linux";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x4>;
- entry = <0x8>;
- kernel-version = <1>;
- signature {
- algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
- key-name-hint = "dev";
- };
- };
- fdt-1 {
- description = "snow";
- data = /incbin/("sandbox-kernel.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "sandbox";
- compression = "none";
- fdt-version = <1>;
- signature {
- algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
- key-name-hint = "dev";
- };
- };
- };
- configurations {
- default = "conf-1";
- conf-1 {
- kernel = "kernel";
- fdt = "fdt-1";
- };
- };
-};
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/signature.txt b/doc/uImage.FIT/signature.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 21eb389..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/signature.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,707 +0,0 @@
-U-Boot FIT Signature Verification
-=================================
-
-Introduction
-------------
-FIT supports hashing of images so that these hashes can be checked on
-loading. This protects against corruption of the image. However it does not
-prevent the substitution of one image for another.
-
-The signature feature allows the hash to be signed with a private key such
-that it can be verified using a public key later. Provided that the private
-key is kept secret and the public key is stored in a non-volatile place,
-any image can be verified in this way.
-
-See verified-boot.txt for more general information on verified boot.
-
-
-Concepts
---------
-Some familiarity with public key cryptography is assumed in this section.
-
-The procedure for signing is as follows:
-
- - hash an image in the FIT
- - sign the hash with a private key to produce a signature
- - store the resulting signature in the FIT
-
-The procedure for verification is:
-
- - read the FIT
- - obtain the public key
- - extract the signature from the FIT
- - hash the image from the FIT
- - verify (with the public key) that the extracted signature matches the
- hash
-
-The signing is generally performed by mkimage, as part of making a firmware
-image for the device. The verification is normally done in U-Boot on the
-device.
-
-
-Algorithms
-----------
-In principle any suitable algorithm can be used to sign and verify a hash.
-U-Boot supports a few hashing and verification algorithms. See below for
-details.
-
-While it is acceptable to bring in large cryptographic libraries such as
-openssl on the host side (e.g. mkimage), it is not desirable for U-Boot.
-For the run-time verification side, it is important to keep code and data
-size as small as possible.
-
-For this reason the RSA image verification uses pre-processed public keys
-which can be used with a very small amount of code - just some extraction
-of data from the FDT and exponentiation mod n. Code size impact is a little
-under 5KB on Tegra Seaboard, for example.
-
-It is relatively straightforward to add new algorithms if required. If
-another RSA variant is needed, then it can be added with the
-U_BOOT_CRYPTO_ALGO() macro. If another algorithm is needed (such as DSA) then
-it can be placed in a directory alongside lib/rsa/, and its functions added
-using U_BOOT_CRYPTO_ALGO().
-
-
-Creating an RSA key pair and certificate
-----------------------------------------
-To create a new public/private key pair, size 2048 bits:
-
-$ openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out keys/dev.key \
- -pkeyopt rsa_keygen_bits:2048 -pkeyopt rsa_keygen_pubexp:65537
-
-To create a certificate for this containing the public key:
-
-$ openssl req -batch -new -x509 -key keys/dev.key -out keys/dev.crt
-
-If you like you can look at the public key also:
-
-$ openssl rsa -in keys/dev.key -pubout
-
-
-Device Tree Bindings
---------------------
-The following properties are required in the FIT's signature node(s) to
-allow the signer to operate. These should be added to the .its file.
-Signature nodes sit at the same level as hash nodes and are called
-signature-1, signature-2, etc.
-
-- algo: Algorithm name (e.g. "sha1,rsa2048")
-
-- key-name-hint: Name of key to use for signing. The keys will normally be in
-a single directory (parameter -k to mkimage). For a given key <name>, its
-private key is stored in <name>.key and the certificate is stored in
-<name>.crt.
-
-When the image is signed, the following properties are added (mandatory):
-
-- value: The signature data (e.g. 256 bytes for 2048-bit RSA)
-
-When the image is signed, the following properties are optional:
-
-- timestamp: Time when image was signed (standard Unix time_t format)
-
-- signer-name: Name of the signer (e.g. "mkimage")
-
-- signer-version: Version string of the signer (e.g. "2013.01")
-
-- comment: Additional information about the signer or image
-
-- padding: The padding algorithm, it may be pkcs-1.5 or pss,
- if no value is provided we assume pkcs-1.5
-
-For config bindings (see Signed Configurations below), the following
-additional properties are optional:
-
-- sign-images: A list of images to sign, each being a property of the conf
-node that contains then. The default is "kernel,fdt" which means that these
-two images will be looked up in the config and signed if present.
-
-For config bindings, these properties are added by the signer:
-
-- hashed-nodes: A list of nodes which were hashed by the signer. Each is
- a string - the full path to node. A typical value might be:
-
- hashed-nodes = "/", "/configurations/conf-1", "/images/kernel",
- "/images/kernel/hash-1", "/images/fdt-1",
- "/images/fdt-1/hash-1";
-
-- hashed-strings: The start and size of the string region of the FIT that
- was hashed
-
-Example: See sign-images.its for an example image tree source file and
-sign-configs.its for config signing.
-
-
-Public Key Storage
-------------------
-In order to verify an image that has been signed with a public key we need to
-have a trusted public key. This cannot be stored in the signed image, since
-it would be easy to alter. For this implementation we choose to store the
-public key in U-Boot's control FDT (using CONFIG_OF_CONTROL).
-
-Public keys should be stored as sub-nodes in a /signature node. Required
-properties are:
-
-- algo: Algorithm name (e.g. "sha1,rsa2048" or "sha256,ecdsa256")
-
-Optional properties are:
-
-- key-name-hint: Name of key used for signing. This is only a hint since it
-is possible for the name to be changed. Verification can proceed by checking
-all available signing keys until one matches.
-
-- required: If present this indicates that the key must be verified for the
-image / configuration to be considered valid. Only required keys are
-normally verified by the FIT image booting algorithm. Valid values are
-"image" to force verification of all images, and "conf" to force verification
-of the selected configuration (which then relies on hashes in the images to
-verify those).
-
-Each signing algorithm has its own additional properties.
-
-For RSA the following are mandatory:
-
-- rsa,num-bits: Number of key bits (e.g. 2048)
-- rsa,modulus: Modulus (N) as a big-endian multi-word integer
-- rsa,exponent: Public exponent (E) as a 64 bit unsigned integer
-- rsa,r-squared: (2^num-bits)^2 as a big-endian multi-word integer
-- rsa,n0-inverse: -1 / modulus[0] mod 2^32
-
-For ECDSA the following are mandatory:
-- ecdsa,curve: Name of ECDSA curve (e.g. "prime256v1")
-- ecdsa,x-point: Public key X coordinate as a big-endian multi-word integer
-- ecdsa,y-point: Public key Y coordinate as a big-endian multi-word integer
-
-These parameters can be added to a binary device tree using parameter -K of the
-mkimage command::
-
- tools/mkimage -f fit.its -K control.dtb -k keys -r image.fit
-
-Here is an example of a generated device tree node::
-
- signature {
- key-dev {
- required = "conf";
- algo = "sha256,rsa2048";
- rsa,r-squared = <0xb76d1acf 0xa1763ca5 0xeb2f126
- 0x742edc80 0xd3f42177 0x9741d9d9
- 0x35bb476e 0xff41c718 0xd3801430
- 0xf22537cb 0xa7e79960 0xae32a043
- 0x7da1427a 0x341d6492 0x3c2762f5
- 0xaac04726 0x5b262d96 0xf984e86d
- 0xb99443c7 0x17080c33 0x940f6892
- 0xd57a95d1 0x6ea7b691 0xc5038fa8
- 0x6bb48a6e 0x73f1b1ea 0x37160841
- 0xe05715ce 0xa7c45bbd 0x690d82d5
- 0x99c2454c 0x6ff117b3 0xd830683b
- 0x3f81c9cf 0x1ca38a91 0x0c3392e4
- 0xd817c625 0x7b8e9a24 0x175b89ea
- 0xad79f3dc 0x4d50d7b4 0x9d4e90f8
- 0xad9e2939 0xc165d6a4 0x0ada7e1b
- 0xfb1bf495 0xfc3131c2 0xb8c6e604
- 0xc2761124 0xf63de4a6 0x0e9565f9
- 0xc8e53761 0x7e7a37a5 0xe99dcdae
- 0x9aff7e1e 0xbd44b13d 0x6b0e6aa4
- 0x038907e4 0x8e0d6850 0xef51bc20
- 0xf73c94af 0x88bea7b1 0xcbbb1b30
- 0xd024b7f3>;
- rsa,modulus = <0xc0711d6cb 0x9e86db7f 0x45986dbe
- 0x023f1e8c9 0xe1a4c4d0 0x8a0dfdc9
- 0x023ba0c48 0x06815f6a 0x5caa0654
- 0x07078c4b7 0x3d154853 0x40729023
- 0x0b007c8fe 0x5a3647e5 0x23b41e20
- 0x024720591 0x66915305 0x0e0b29b0
- 0x0de2ad30d 0x8589430f 0xb1590325
- 0x0fb9f5d5e 0x9eba752a 0xd88e6de9
- 0x056b3dcc6 0x9a6b8e61 0x6784f61f
- 0x000f39c21 0x5eec6b33 0xd78e4f78
- 0x0921a305f 0xaa2cc27e 0x1ca917af
- 0x06e1134f4 0xd48cac77 0x4e914d07
- 0x0f707aa5a 0x0d141f41 0x84677f1d
- 0x0ad47a049 0x028aedb6 0xd5536fcf
- 0x03fef1e4f 0x133a03d2 0xfd7a750a
- 0x0f9159732 0xd207812e 0x6a807375
- 0x06434230d 0xc8e22dad 0x9f29b3d6
- 0x07c44ac2b 0xfa2aad88 0xe2429504
- 0x041febd41 0x85d0d142 0x7b194d65
- 0x06e5d55ea 0x41116961 0xf3181dde
- 0x068bf5fbc 0x3dd82047 0x00ee647e
- 0x0d7a44ab3>;
- rsa,exponent = <0x00 0x10001>;
- rsa,n0-inverse = <0xb3928b85>;
- rsa,num-bits = <0x800>;
- key-name-hint = "dev";
- };
- };
-
-
-Signed Configurations
----------------------
-While signing images is useful, it does not provide complete protection
-against several types of attack. For example, it it possible to create a
-FIT with the same signed images, but with the configuration changed such
-that a different one is selected (mix and match attack). It is also possible
-to substitute a signed image from an older FIT version into a newer FIT
-(roll-back attack).
-
-As an example, consider this FIT:
-
-/ {
- images {
- kernel-1 {
- data = <data for kernel1>
- signature-1 {
- algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
- value = <...kernel signature 1...>
- };
- };
- kernel-2 {
- data = <data for kernel2>
- signature-1 {
- algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
- value = <...kernel signature 2...>
- };
- };
- fdt-1 {
- data = <data for fdt1>;
- signature-1 {
- algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
- value = <...fdt signature 1...>
- };
- };
- fdt-2 {
- data = <data for fdt2>;
- signature-1 {
- algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
- value = <...fdt signature 2...>
- };
- };
- };
- configurations {
- default = "conf-1";
- conf-1 {
- kernel = "kernel-1";
- fdt = "fdt-1";
- };
- conf-2 {
- kernel = "kernel-2";
- fdt = "fdt-2";
- };
- };
-};
-
-Since both kernels are signed it is easy for an attacker to add a new
-configuration 3 with kernel 1 and fdt 2:
-
- configurations {
- default = "conf-1";
- conf-1 {
- kernel = "kernel-1";
- fdt = "fdt-1";
- };
- conf-2 {
- kernel = "kernel-2";
- fdt = "fdt-2";
- };
- conf-3 {
- kernel = "kernel-1";
- fdt = "fdt-2";
- };
- };
-
-With signed images, nothing protects against this. Whether it gains an
-advantage for the attacker is debatable, but it is not secure.
-
-To solve this problem, we support signed configurations. In this case it
-is the configurations that are signed, not the image. Each image has its
-own hash, and we include the hash in the configuration signature.
-
-So the above example is adjusted to look like this:
-
-/ {
- images {
- kernel-1 {
- data = <data for kernel1>
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha1";
- value = <...kernel hash 1...>
- };
- };
- kernel-2 {
- data = <data for kernel2>
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha1";
- value = <...kernel hash 2...>
- };
- };
- fdt-1 {
- data = <data for fdt1>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha1";
- value = <...fdt hash 1...>
- };
- };
- fdt-2 {
- data = <data for fdt2>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha1";
- value = <...fdt hash 2...>
- };
- };
- };
- configurations {
- default = "conf-1";
- conf-1 {
- kernel = "kernel-1";
- fdt = "fdt-1";
- signature-1 {
- algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
- value = <...conf 1 signature...>;
- };
- };
- conf-2 {
- kernel = "kernel-2";
- fdt = "fdt-2";
- signature-1 {
- algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
- value = <...conf 1 signature...>;
- };
- };
- };
-};
-
-
-You can see that we have added hashes for all images (since they are no
-longer signed), and a signature to each configuration. In the above example,
-mkimage will sign configurations/conf-1, the kernel and fdt that are
-pointed to by the configuration (/images/kernel-1, /images/kernel-1/hash-1,
-/images/fdt-1, /images/fdt-1/hash-1) and the root structure of the image
-(so that it isn't possible to add or remove root nodes). The signature is
-written into /configurations/conf-1/signature-1/value. It can easily be
-verified later even if the FIT has been signed with other keys in the
-meantime.
-
-
-Details
--------
-The signature node contains a property ('hashed-nodes') which lists all the
-nodes that the signature was made over. The image is walked in order and each
-tag processed as follows:
-- DTB_BEGIN_NODE: The tag and the following name are included in the signature
- if the node or its parent are present in 'hashed-nodes'
-- DTB_END_NODE: The tag is included in the signature if the node or its parent
- are present in 'hashed-nodes'
-- DTB_PROPERTY: The tag, the length word, the offset in the string table, and
- the data are all included if the current node is present in 'hashed-nodes'
- and the property name is not 'data'.
-- DTB_END: The tag is always included in the signature.
-- DTB_NOP: The tag is included in the signature if the current node is present
- in 'hashed-nodes'
-
-In addition, the signature contains a property 'hashed-strings' which contains
-the offset and length in the string table of the strings that are to be
-included in the signature (this is done last).
-
-IMPORTANT: To verify the signature outside u-boot, it is vital to not only
-calculate the hash of the image and verify the signature with that, but also to
-calculate the hashes of the kernel, fdt, and ramdisk images and check those
-match the hash values in the corresponding 'hash*' subnodes.
-
-
-Verification
-------------
-FITs are verified when loaded. After the configuration is selected a list
-of required images is produced. If there are 'required' public keys, then
-each image must be verified against those keys. This means that every image
-that might be used by the target needs to be signed with 'required' keys.
-
-This happens automatically as part of a bootm command when FITs are used.
-
-For Signed Configurations, the default verification behavior can be changed by
-the following optional property in /signature node in U-Boot's control FDT.
-
-- required-mode: Valid values are "any" to allow verified boot to succeed if
-the selected configuration is signed by any of the 'required' keys, and "all"
-to allow verified boot to succeed if the selected configuration is signed by
-all of the 'required' keys.
-
-This property can be added to a binary device tree using fdtput as shown in
-below examples::
-
- fdtput -t s control.dtb /signature required-mode any
- fdtput -t s control.dtb /signature required-mode all
-
-
-Enabling FIT Verification
--------------------------
-In addition to the options to enable FIT itself, the following CONFIGs must
-be enabled:
-
-CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE - enable signing and verification in FITs
-CONFIG_RSA - enable RSA algorithm for signing
-CONFIG_ECDSA - enable ECDSA algorithm for signing
-
-WARNING: When relying on signed FIT images with required signature check
-the legacy image format is default disabled by not defining
-CONFIG_LEGACY_IMAGE_FORMAT
-
-
-Testing
--------
-An easy way to test signing and verification is to use the test script
-provided in test/vboot/vboot_test.sh. This uses sandbox (a special version
-of U-Boot which runs under Linux) to show the operation of a 'bootm'
-command loading and verifying images.
-
-A sample run is show below:
-
-$ make O=sandbox sandbox_config
-$ make O=sandbox
-$ O=sandbox ./test/vboot/vboot_test.sh
-
-
-Simple Verified Boot Test
-=========================
-
-Please see doc/uImage.FIT/verified-boot.txt for more information
-
-/home/hs/ids/u-boot/sandbox/tools/mkimage -D -I dts -O dtb -p 2000
-Build keys
-do sha1 test
-Build FIT with signed images
-Test Verified Boot Run: unsigned signatures:: OK
-Sign images
-Test Verified Boot Run: signed images: OK
-Build FIT with signed configuration
-Test Verified Boot Run: unsigned config: OK
-Sign images
-Test Verified Boot Run: signed config: OK
-check signed config on the host
-Signature check OK
-OK
-Test Verified Boot Run: signed config: OK
-Test Verified Boot Run: signed config with bad hash: OK
-do sha256 test
-Build FIT with signed images
-Test Verified Boot Run: unsigned signatures:: OK
-Sign images
-Test Verified Boot Run: signed images: OK
-Build FIT with signed configuration
-Test Verified Boot Run: unsigned config: OK
-Sign images
-Test Verified Boot Run: signed config: OK
-check signed config on the host
-Signature check OK
-OK
-Test Verified Boot Run: signed config: OK
-Test Verified Boot Run: signed config with bad hash: OK
-
-Test passed
-
-
-Software signing: keydir vs keyfile
------------------------------------
-
-In the simplest case, signing is done by giving mkimage the 'keyfile'. This is
-the path to a file containing the signing key.
-
-The alternative is to pass the 'keydir' argument. In this case the filename of
-the key is derived from the 'keydir' and the "key-name-hint" property in the
-FIT. In this case the "key-name-hint" property is mandatory, and the key must
-exist in "<keydir>/<key-name-hint>.<ext>" Here the extension "ext" is
-specific to the signing algorithm.
-
-
-Hardware Signing with PKCS#11 or with HSM
------------------------------------------
-
-Securely managing private signing keys can challenging, especially when the
-keys are stored on the file system of a computer that is connected to the
-Internet. If an attacker is able to steal the key, they can sign malicious FIT
-images which will appear genuine to your devices.
-
-An alternative solution is to keep your signing key securely stored on hardware
-device like a smartcard, USB token or Hardware Security Module (HSM) and have
-them perform the signing. PKCS#11 is standard for interfacing with these crypto
-device.
-
-Requirements:
-Smartcard/USB token/HSM which can work with some openssl engine
-openssl
-
-For pkcs11 engine usage:
-libp11 (provides pkcs11 engine)
-p11-kit (recommended to simplify setup)
-opensc (for smartcards and smartcard like USB devices)
-gnutls (recommended for key generation, p11tool)
-
-For generic HSMs respective openssl engine must be installed and locateable by
-openssl. This may require setting up LD_LIBRARY_PATH if engine is not installed
-to openssl's default search paths.
-
-PKCS11 engine support forms "key id" based on "keydir" and with
-"key-name-hint". "key-name-hint" is used as "object" name (if not defined in
-keydir). "keydir" (if defined) is used to define (prefix for) which PKCS11 source
-is being used for lookup up for the key.
-
-PKCS11 engine key ids:
- "pkcs11:<keydir>;object=<key-name-hint>;type=<public|private>"
-or, if keydir contains "object="
- "pkcs11:<keydir>;type=<public|private>"
-or
- "pkcs11:object=<key-name-hint>;type=<public|private>",
-
-Generic HSM engine support forms "key id" based on "keydir" and with
-"key-name-hint". If "keydir" is specified for mkimage it is used as a prefix in
-"key id" and is appended with "key-name-hint".
-
-Generic engine key ids:
- "<keydir><key-name-hint>"
-or
- "<key-name-hint>"
-
-In order to set the pin in the HSM, an environment variable "MKIMAGE_SIGN_PIN"
-can be specified.
-
-The following examples use the Nitrokey Pro using pkcs11 engine. Instructions
-for other devices may vary.
-
-Notes on pkcs11 engine setup:
-
-Make sure p11-kit, opensc are installed and that p11-kit is setup to use opensc.
-/usr/share/p11-kit/modules/opensc.module should be present on your system.
-
-
-Generating Keys On the Nitrokey:
-
-$ gpg --card-edit
-
-Reader ...........: Nitrokey Nitrokey Pro (xxxxxxxx0000000000000000) 00 00
-Application ID ...: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
-Version ..........: 2.1
-Manufacturer .....: ZeitControl
-Serial number ....: xxxxxxxx
-Name of cardholder: [not set]
-Language prefs ...: de
-Sex ..............: unspecified
-URL of public key : [not set]
-Login data .......: [not set]
-Signature PIN ....: forced
-Key attributes ...: rsa2048 rsa2048 rsa2048
-Max. PIN lengths .: 32 32 32
-PIN retry counter : 3 0 3
-Signature counter : 0
-Signature key ....: [none]
-Encryption key....: [none]
-Authentication key: [none]
-General key info..: [none]
-
-gpg/card> generate
-Make off-card backup of encryption key? (Y/n) n
-
-Please note that the factory settings of the PINs are
- PIN = '123456' Admin PIN = '12345678'
-You should change them using the command --change-pin
-
-What keysize do you want for the Signature key? (2048) 4096
-The card will now be re-configured to generate a key of 4096 bits
-Note: There is no guarantee that the card supports the requested size.
- If the key generation does not succeed, please check the
- documentation of your card to see what sizes are allowed.
-What keysize do you want for the Encryption key? (2048) 4096
-The card will now be re-configured to generate a key of 4096 bits
-What keysize do you want for the Authentication key? (2048) 4096
-The card will now be re-configured to generate a key of 4096 bits
-Please specify how long the key should be valid.
- 0 = key does not expire
- <n> = key expires in n days
- <n>w = key expires in n weeks
- <n>m = key expires in n months
- <n>y = key expires in n years
-Key is valid for? (0)
-Key does not expire at all
-Is this correct? (y/N) y
-
-GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key.
-
-Real name: John Doe
-Email address: john.doe@email.com
-Comment:
-You selected this USER-ID:
- "John Doe <john.doe@email.com>"
-
-Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? o
-
-
-Using p11tool to get the token URL:
-
-Depending on system configuration, gpg-agent may need to be killed first.
-
-$ p11tool --provider /usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so --list-tokens
-Token 0:
-URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=ZeitControl;serial=000xxxxxxxxx;token=OpenPGP%20card%20%28User%20PIN%20%28sig%29%29
-Label: OpenPGP card (User PIN (sig))
-Type: Hardware token
-Manufacturer: ZeitControl
-Model: PKCS#15 emulated
-Serial: 000xxxxxxxxx
-Module: (null)
-
-
-Token 1:
-URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=ZeitControl;serial=000xxxxxxxxx;token=OpenPGP%20card%20%28User%20PIN%29
-Label: OpenPGP card (User PIN)
-Type: Hardware token
-Manufacturer: ZeitControl
-Model: PKCS#15 emulated
-Serial: 000xxxxxxxxx
-Module: (null)
-
-Use the portion of the signature token URL after "pkcs11:" as the keydir argument (-k) to mkimage below.
-
-
-Use the URL of the token to list the private keys:
-
-$ p11tool --login --provider /usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so --list-privkeys \
-"pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=ZeitControl;serial=000xxxxxxxxx;token=OpenPGP%20card%20%28User%20PIN%20%28sig%29%29"
-Token 'OpenPGP card (User PIN (sig))' with URL 'pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=ZeitControl;serial=000xxxxxxxxx;token=OpenPGP%20card%20%28User%20PIN%20%28sig%29%29' requires user PIN
-Enter PIN:
-Object 0:
-URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=ZeitControl;serial=000xxxxxxxxx;token=OpenPGP%20card%20%28User%20PIN%20%28sig%29%29;id=%01;object=Signature%20key;type=private
-Type: Private key
-Label: Signature key
-Flags: CKA_PRIVATE; CKA_NEVER_EXTRACTABLE; CKA_SENSITIVE;
-ID: 01
-
-Use the label, in this case "Signature key" as the key-name-hint in your FIT.
-
-Create the fitImage:
-$ ./tools/mkimage -f fit-image.its fitImage
-
-
-Sign the fitImage with the hardware key:
-
-$ ./tools/mkimage -F -k \
-"model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=ZeitControl;serial=000xxxxxxxxx;token=OpenPGP%20card%20%28User%20PIN%20%28sig%29%29" \
--K u-boot.dtb -N pkcs11 -r fitImage
-
-
-Future Work
------------
-- Roll-back protection using a TPM is done using the tpm command. This can
-be scripted, but we might consider a default way of doing this, built into
-bootm.
-
-
-Possible Future Work
---------------------
-- More sandbox tests for failure modes
-- Passwords for keys/certificates
-- Perhaps implement OAEP
-- Enhance bootm to permit scripted signature verification (so that a script
-can verify an image but not actually boot it)
-
-
-Simon Glass
-sjg@chromium.org
-1-1-13
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/source_file_format.txt b/doc/uImage.FIT/source_file_format.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 269e1fa..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/source_file_format.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,322 +0,0 @@
-U-Boot new uImage source file format (bindings definition)
-==========================================================
-
-Author: Marian Balakowicz <m8@semihalf.com>
-External data additions, 25/1/16 Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
-
-1) Introduction
----------------
-
-Evolution of the 2.6 Linux kernel for embedded PowerPC systems introduced new
-booting method which requires that hardware description is available to the
-kernel in the form of Flattened Device Tree.
-
-Booting with a Flattened Device Tree is much more flexible and is intended to
-replace direct passing of 'struct bd_info' which was used to boot pre-FDT
-kernels.
-
-However, U-Boot needs to support both techniques to provide backward
-compatibility for platforms which are not FDT ready. Number of elements
-playing role in the booting process has increased and now includes the FDT
-blob. Kernel image, FDT blob and possibly ramdisk image - all must be placed
-in the system memory and passed to bootm as a arguments. Some of them may be
-missing: FDT is not present for legacy platforms, ramdisk is always optional.
-Additionally, old uImage format has been extended to support multi sub-images
-but the support is limited by simple format of the legacy uImage structure.
-Single binary header 'struct legacy_img_hdr' is not flexible enough to cover all
-possible scenarios.
-
-All those factors combined clearly show that there is a need for new, more
-flexible, multi component uImage format.
-
-
-2) New uImage format assumptions
---------------------------------
-
-a) Implementation
-
-Libfdt has been selected for the new uImage format implementation as (1) it
-provides needed functionality, (2) is actively maintained and developed and
-(3) increases code reuse as it is already part of the U-Boot source tree.
-
-b) Terminology
-
-This document defines new uImage structure by providing FDT bindings for new
-uImage internals. Bindings are defined from U-Boot perspective, i.e. describe
-final form of the uImage at the moment when it reaches U-Boot. User
-perspective may be simpler, as some of the properties (like timestamps and
-hashes) will need to be filled in automatically by the U-Boot mkimage tool.
-
-To avoid confusion with the kernel FDT the following naming convention is
-proposed for the new uImage format related terms:
-
-FIT - Flattened uImage Tree
-
-FIT is formally a flattened device tree (in the libfdt meaning), which
-conforms to bindings defined in this document.
-
-.its - image tree source
-.itb - flattened image tree blob
-
-c) Image building procedure
-
-The following picture shows how the new uImage is prepared. Input consists of
-image source file (.its) and a set of data files. Image is created with the
-help of standard U-Boot mkimage tool which in turn uses dtc (device tree
-compiler) to produce image tree blob (.itb). Resulting .itb file is the
-actual binary of a new uImage.
-
-
-tqm5200.its
-+
-vmlinux.bin.gz mkimage + dtc xfer to target
-eldk-4.2-ramdisk --------------> tqm5200.itb --------------> bootm
-tqm5200.dtb /|\
-... |
- 'new uImage'
-
- - create .its file, automatically filled-in properties are omitted
- - call mkimage tool on a .its file
- - mkimage calls dtc to create .itb image and assures that
- missing properties are added
- - .itb (new uImage) is uploaded onto the target and used therein
-
-
-d) Unique identifiers
-
-To identify FIT sub-nodes representing images, hashes, configurations (which
-are defined in the following sections), the "unit name" of the given sub-node
-is used as it's identifier as it assures uniqueness without additional
-checking required.
-
-
-3) Root node properties
------------------------
-
-Root node of the uImage Tree should have the following layout:
-
-/ o image-tree
- |- description = "image description"
- |- timestamp = <12399321>
- |- #address-cells = <1>
- |
- o images
- | |
- | o image-1 {...}
- | o image-2 {...}
- | ...
- |
- o configurations
- |- default = "conf-1"
- |
- o conf-1 {...}
- o conf-2 {...}
- ...
-
-
- Optional property:
- - description : Textual description of the uImage
-
- Mandatory property:
- - timestamp : Last image modification time being counted in seconds since
- 1970-01-01 00:00:00 - to be automatically calculated by mkimage tool.
-
- Conditionally mandatory property:
- - #address-cells : Number of 32bit cells required to represent entry and
- load addresses supplied within sub-image nodes. May be omitted when no
- entry or load addresses are used.
-
- Mandatory nodes:
- - images : This node contains a set of sub-nodes, each of them representing
- single component sub-image (like kernel, ramdisk, etc.). At least one
- sub-image is required.
- - configurations : Contains a set of available configuration nodes and
- defines a default configuration.
-
-
-4) '/images' node
------------------
-
-This node is a container node for component sub-image nodes. Each sub-node of
-the '/images' node should have the following layout:
-
- o image-1
- |- description = "component sub-image description"
- |- data = /incbin/("path/to/data/file.bin")
- |- type = "sub-image type name"
- |- arch = "ARCH name"
- |- os = "OS name"
- |- compression = "compression name"
- |- load = <00000000>
- |- entry = <00000000>
- |
- o hash-1 {...}
- o hash-2 {...}
- ...
-
- Mandatory properties:
- - description : Textual description of the component sub-image
- - type : Name of component sub-image type, supported types are:
- "standalone", "kernel", "kernel_noload", "ramdisk", "firmware", "script",
- "filesystem", "flat_dt" and others (see uimage_type in common/image.c).
- - data : Path to the external file which contains this node's binary data.
- - compression : Compression used by included data. Supported compressions
- are "gzip" and "bzip2". If no compression is used compression property
- should be set to "none". If the data is compressed but it should not be
- uncompressed by U-Boot (e.g. compressed ramdisk), this should also be set
- to "none".
-
- Conditionally mandatory property:
- - os : OS name, mandatory for types "kernel". Valid OS names are:
- "openbsd", "netbsd", "freebsd", "4_4bsd", "linux", "svr4", "esix",
- "solaris", "irix", "sco", "dell", "ncr", "lynxos", "vxworks", "psos", "qnx",
- "u-boot", "rtems", "unity", "integrity".
- - arch : Architecture name, mandatory for types: "standalone", "kernel",
- "firmware", "ramdisk" and "fdt". Valid architecture names are: "alpha",
- "arm", "i386", "ia64", "mips", "mips64", "ppc", "s390", "sh", "sparc",
- "sparc64", "m68k", "microblaze", "nios2", "blackfin", "avr32", "st200",
- "sandbox".
- - entry : entry point address, address size is determined by
- '#address-cells' property of the root node.
- Mandatory for types: "firmware", and "kernel".
- - load : load address, address size is determined by '#address-cells'
- property of the root node.
- Mandatory for types: "firmware", and "kernel".
- - compatible : compatible method for loading image.
- Mandatory for types: "fpga", and images that do not specify a load address.
- Supported compatible methods:
- "u-boot,fpga-legacy" - the generic fpga loading routine.
- "u-boot,zynqmp-fpga-ddrauth" - signed non-encrypted FPGA bitstream for
- Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ (ZymqMP) device.
- "u-boot,zynqmp-fpga-enc" - encrypted FPGA bitstream for Xilinx Zynq
- UltraScale+ (ZynqMP) device.
- - phase : U-Boot phase for which the image is intended.
- "spl" - image is an SPL image
- "u-boot" - image is a U-Boot image
-
- Optional nodes:
- - hash-1 : Each hash sub-node represents separate hash or checksum
- calculated for node's data according to specified algorithm.
-
-
-5) Hash nodes
--------------
-
-o hash-1
- |- algo = "hash or checksum algorithm name"
- |- value = [hash or checksum value]
-
- Mandatory properties:
- - algo : Algorithm name, supported are "crc32", "md5" and "sha1".
- - value : Actual checksum or hash value, correspondingly 4, 16 or 20 bytes
- long.
-
-
-6) '/configurations' node
--------------------------
-
-The 'configurations' node creates convenient, labeled boot configurations,
-which combine together kernel images with their ramdisks and fdt blobs.
-
-The 'configurations' node has has the following structure:
-
-o configurations
- |- default = "default configuration sub-node unit name"
- |
- o config-1 {...}
- o config-2 {...}
- ...
-
-
- Optional property:
- - default : Selects one of the configuration sub-nodes as a default
- configuration.
-
- Mandatory nodes:
- - configuration-sub-node-unit-name : At least one of the configuration
- sub-nodes is required.
-
-
-7) Configuration nodes
-----------------------
-
-Each configuration has the following structure:
-
-o config-1
- |- description = "configuration description"
- |- kernel = "kernel sub-node unit name"
- |- fdt = "fdt sub-node unit-name" [, "fdt overlay sub-node unit-name", ...]
- |- loadables = "loadables sub-node unit-name"
- |- script = "
- |- compatible = "vendor,board-style device tree compatible string"
-
-
- Mandatory properties:
- - description : Textual configuration description.
- - kernel or firmware: Unit name of the corresponding kernel or firmware
- (u-boot, op-tee, etc) image. If both "kernel" and "firmware" are specified,
- control is passed to the firmware image.
-
- Optional properties:
- - fdt : Unit name of the corresponding fdt blob (component image node of a
- "fdt type"). Additional fdt overlay nodes can be supplied which signify
- that the resulting device tree blob is generated by the first base fdt
- blob with all subsequent overlays applied.
- - fpga : Unit name of the corresponding fpga bitstream blob
- (component image node of a "fpga type").
- - loadables : Unit name containing a list of additional binaries to be
- loaded at their given locations. "loadables" is a comma-separated list
- of strings. U-Boot will load each binary at its given start-address and
- may optionally invoke additional post-processing steps on this binary based
- on its component image node type.
- - script : The image to use when loading a U-Boot script (for use with the
- source command).
- - compatible : The root compatible string of the U-Boot device tree that
- this configuration shall automatically match when CONFIG_FIT_BEST_MATCH is
- enabled. If this property is not provided, the compatible string will be
- extracted from the fdt blob instead. This is only possible if the fdt is
- not compressed, so images with compressed fdts that want to use compatible
- string matching must always provide this property.
-
-The FDT blob is required to properly boot FDT based kernel, so the minimal
-configuration for 2.6 FDT kernel is (kernel, fdt) pair.
-
-Older, 2.4 kernel and 2.6 non-FDT kernel do not use FDT blob, in such cases
-'struct bd_info' must be passed instead of FDT blob, thus fdt property *must
-not* be specified in a configuration node.
-
-
-8) External data
-----------------
-
-The above format shows a 'data' property which holds the data for each image.
-It is also possible for this data to reside outside the FIT itself. This
-allows the FIT to be quite small, so that it can be loaded and scanned
-without loading a large amount of data. Then when an image is needed it can
-be loaded from an external source.
-
-In this case the 'data' property is omitted. Instead you can use:
-
- - data-offset : offset of the data in a separate image store. The image
- store is placed immediately after the last byte of the device tree binary,
- aligned to a 4-byte boundary.
- - data-size : size of the data in bytes
-
-The 'data-offset' property can be substituted with 'data-position', which
-defines an absolute position or address as the offset. This is helpful when
-booting U-Boot proper before performing relocation. Pass '-p [offset]' to
-mkimage to enable 'data-position'.
-
-Normal kernel FIT image has data embedded within FIT structure. U-Boot image
-for SPL boot has external data. Existence of 'data-offset' can be used to
-identify which format is used.
-
-For FIT image with external data, it would be better to align each blob of data
-to block(512 byte) for block device, so that we don't need to do the copy when
-read the image data in SPL. Pass '-B 0x200' to mkimage to align the FIT
-structure and data to 512 byte, other values available for other align size.
-
-9) Examples
------------
-
-Please see doc/uImage.FIT/*.its for actual image source files.
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/uefi.its b/doc/uImage.FIT/uefi.its
deleted file mode 100644
index 378ca4e..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/uefi.its
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Example FIT image description file demonstrating the usage of the
- * bootm command to launch UEFI binaries.
- *
- * Two boot configurations are available to enable booting GRUB2 on QEMU,
- * the former uses a FDT blob contained in the FIT image, while the later
- * relies on the FDT provided by the board emulator.
- */
-
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/ {
- description = "GRUB2 EFI and QEMU FDT blob";
- #address-cells = <1>;
-
- images {
- efi-grub {
- description = "GRUB EFI Firmware";
- data = /incbin/("bootarm.efi");
- type = "kernel_noload";
- arch = "arm";
- os = "efi";
- compression = "none";
- load = <0x0>;
- entry = <0x0>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha256";
- };
- };
-
- fdt-qemu {
- description = "QEMU DTB";
- data = /incbin/("qemu-arm.dtb");
- type = "flat_dt";
- arch = "arm";
- compression = "none";
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha256";
- };
- };
- };
-
- configurations {
- default = "config-grub-fdt";
-
- config-grub-fdt {
- description = "GRUB EFI Boot w/ FDT";
- kernel = "efi-grub";
- fdt = "fdt-qemu";
- signature-1 {
- algo = "sha256,rsa2048";
- key-name-hint = "dev";
- sign-images = "kernel", "fdt";
- };
- };
-
- config-grub-nofdt {
- description = "GRUB EFI Boot w/o FDT";
- kernel = "efi-grub";
- signature-1 {
- algo = "sha256,rsa2048";
- key-name-hint = "dev";
- sign-images = "kernel";
- };
- };
- };
-};
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/update3.its b/doc/uImage.FIT/update3.its
deleted file mode 100644
index 0659f20..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/update3.its
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Example Automatic software update file.
- */
-
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/ {
- description = "Automatic software updates: kernel, ramdisk, FDT";
- #address-cells = <1>;
-
- images {
- update-1 {
- description = "Linux kernel binary";
- data = /incbin/("./vmlinux.bin.gz");
- compression = "none";
- type = "firmware";
- load = <FF700000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
- update-2 {
- description = "Ramdisk image";
- data = /incbin/("./ramdisk_image.gz");
- compression = "none";
- type = "firmware";
- load = <FF8E0000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
-
- update-3 {
- description = "FDT blob";
- data = /incbin/("./blob.fdt");
- compression = "none";
- type = "firmware";
- load = <FFAC0000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
- };
-};
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/update_uboot.its b/doc/uImage.FIT/update_uboot.its
deleted file mode 100644
index aec4826..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/update_uboot.its
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Automatic software update for U-Boot
- * Make sure the flashing addresses ('load' prop) is correct for your board!
- */
-
-/dts-v1/;
-
-/ {
- description = "Automatic U-Boot update";
- #address-cells = <1>;
-
- images {
- update-1 {
- description = "U-Boot binary";
- data = /incbin/("./u-boot.bin");
- compression = "none";
- type = "firmware";
- load = <0xFFFC0000>;
- hash-1 {
- algo = "sha1";
- };
- };
- };
-};
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/x86-fit-boot.txt b/doc/uImage.FIT/x86-fit-boot.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 88d3460..0000000
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/x86-fit-boot.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,272 +0,0 @@
-Booting Linux on x86 with FIT
-=============================
-
-Background
-----------
-
-(corrections to the text below are welcome)
-
-Generally Linux x86 uses its own very complex booting method. There is a setup
-binary which contains all sorts of parameters and a compressed self-extracting
-binary for the kernel itself, often with a small built-in serial driver to
-display decompression progress.
-
-The x86 CPU has various processor modes. I am no expert on these, but my
-understanding is that an x86 CPU (even a really new one) starts up in a 16-bit
-'real' mode where only 1MB of memory is visible, moves to 32-bit 'protected'
-mode where 4GB is visible (or more with special memory access techniques) and
-then to 64-bit 'long' mode if 64-bit execution is required.
-
-Partly the self-extracting nature of Linux was introduced to cope with boot
-loaders that were barely capable of loading anything. Even changing to 32-bit
-mode was something of a challenge, so putting this logic in the kernel seemed
-to make sense.
-
-Bit by bit more and more logic has been added to this post-boot pre-Linux
-wrapper:
-
-- Changing to 32-bit mode
-- Decompression
-- Serial output (with drivers for various chips)
-- Load address randomisation
-- Elf loader complete with relocation (for the above)
-- Random number generator via 3 methods (again for the above)
-- Some sort of EFI mini-loader (1000+ glorious lines of code)
-- Locating and tacking on a device tree and ramdisk
-
-To my mind, if you sit back and look at things from first principles, this
-doesn't make a huge amount of sense. Any boot loader worth its salts already
-has most of the above features and more besides. The boot loader already knows
-the layout of memory, has a serial driver, can decompress things, includes an
-ELF loader and supports device tree and ramdisks. The decision to duplicate
-all these features in a Linux wrapper caters for the lowest common
-denominator: a boot loader which consists of a BIOS call to load something off
-disk, followed by a jmp instruction.
-
-(Aside: On ARM systems, we worry that the boot loader won't know where to load
-the kernel. It might be easier to just provide that information in the image,
-or in the boot loader rather than adding a self-relocator to put it in the
-right place. Or just use ELF?
-
-As a result, the x86 kernel boot process is needlessly complex. The file
-format is also complex, and obfuscates the contents to a degree that it is
-quite a challenge to extract anything from it. This bzImage format has become
-so prevalent that is actually isn't possible to produce the 'raw' kernel build
-outputs with the standard Makefile (as it is on ARM for example, at least at
-the time of writing).
-
-This document describes an alternative boot process which uses simple raw
-images which are loaded into the right place by the boot loader and then
-executed.
-
-
-Build the kernel
-----------------
-
-Note: these instructions assume a 32-bit kernel. U-Boot also supports directly
-booting a 64-bit kernel by jumping into 64-bit mode first (see below).
-
-You can build the kernel as normal with 'make'. This will create a file called
-'vmlinux'. This is a standard ELF file and you can look at it if you like:
-
-$ objdump -h vmlinux
-
-vmlinux: file format elf32-i386
-
-Sections:
-Idx Name Size VMA LMA File off Algn
- 0 .text 00416850 81000000 01000000 00001000 2**5
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, CODE
- 1 .notes 00000024 81416850 01416850 00417850 2**2
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
- 2 __ex_table 00000c50 81416880 01416880 00417880 2**3
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
- 3 .rodata 00154b9e 81418000 01418000 00419000 2**5
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
- 4 __bug_table 0000597c 8156cba0 0156cba0 0056dba0 2**0
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
- 5 .pci_fixup 00001b80 8157251c 0157251c 0057351c 2**2
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
- 6 .tracedata 00000024 8157409c 0157409c 0057509c 2**0
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
- 7 __ksymtab 00007ec0 815740c0 015740c0 005750c0 2**2
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
- 8 __ksymtab_gpl 00004a28 8157bf80 0157bf80 0057cf80 2**2
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
- 9 __ksymtab_strings 0001d6fc 815809a8 015809a8 005819a8 2**0
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
- 10 __init_rodata 00001c3c 8159e0a4 0159e0a4 0059f0a4 2**2
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
- 11 __param 00000ff0 8159fce0 0159fce0 005a0ce0 2**2
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
- 12 __modver 00000330 815a0cd0 015a0cd0 005a1cd0 2**2
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
- 13 .data 00063000 815a1000 015a1000 005a2000 2**12
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, DATA
- 14 .init.text 0002f104 81604000 01604000 00605000 2**2
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, CODE
- 15 .init.data 00040cdc 81634000 01634000 00635000 2**12
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, DATA
- 16 .x86_cpu_dev.init 0000001c 81674cdc 01674cdc 00675cdc 2**2
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
- 17 .altinstructions 0000267c 81674cf8 01674cf8 00675cf8 2**0
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
- 18 .altinstr_replacement 00000942 81677374 01677374 00678374 2**0
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
- 19 .iommu_table 00000014 81677cb8 01677cb8 00678cb8 2**2
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
- 20 .apicdrivers 00000004 81677cd0 01677cd0 00678cd0 2**2
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, DATA
- 21 .exit.text 00001a80 81677cd8 01677cd8 00678cd8 2**0
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, CODE
- 22 .data..percpu 00007880 8167a000 0167a000 0067b000 2**12
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, DATA
- 23 .smp_locks 00003000 81682000 01682000 00683000 2**2
- CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
- 24 .bss 000a1000 81685000 01685000 00686000 2**12
- ALLOC
- 25 .brk 00424000 81726000 01726000 00686000 2**0
- ALLOC
- 26 .comment 00000049 00000000 00000000 00686000 2**0
- CONTENTS, READONLY
- 27 .GCC.command.line 0003e055 00000000 00000000 00686049 2**0
- CONTENTS, READONLY
- 28 .debug_aranges 0000f4c8 00000000 00000000 006c40a0 2**3
- CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING
- 29 .debug_info 0440b0df 00000000 00000000 006d3568 2**0
- CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING
- 30 .debug_abbrev 0022a83b 00000000 00000000 04ade647 2**0
- CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING
- 31 .debug_line 004ead0d 00000000 00000000 04d08e82 2**0
- CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING
- 32 .debug_frame 0010a960 00000000 00000000 051f3b90 2**2
- CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING
- 33 .debug_str 001b442d 00000000 00000000 052fe4f0 2**0
- CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING
- 34 .debug_loc 007c7fa9 00000000 00000000 054b291d 2**0
- CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING
- 35 .debug_ranges 00098828 00000000 00000000 05c7a8c8 2**3
- CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING
-
-There is also the setup binary mentioned earlier. This is at
-arch/x86/boot/setup.bin and is about 12KB in size. It includes the command
-line and various settings need by the kernel. Arguably the boot loader should
-provide all of this also, but setting it up is some complex that the kernel
-helps by providing a head start.
-
-As you can see the code loads to address 0x01000000 and everything else
-follows after that. We could load this image using the 'bootelf' command but
-we would still need to provide the setup binary. This is not supported by
-U-Boot although I suppose you could mostly script it. This would permit the
-use of a relocatable kernel.
-
-All we need to boot is the vmlinux file and the setup.bin file.
-
-
-Create a FIT
-------------
-
-To create a FIT you will need a source file describing what should go in the
-FIT. See kernel.its for an example for x86 and also instructions on setting
-the 'arch' value for booting 64-bit kernels if desired. Put this into a file
-called image.its.
-
-Note that setup is loaded to the special address of 0x90000 (a special address
-you just have to know) and the kernel is loaded to 0x01000000 (the address you
-saw above). This means that you will need to load your FIT to a different
-address so that U-Boot doesn't overwrite it when decompressing. Something like
-0x02000000 will do so you can set CONFIG_SYS_LOAD_ADDR to that.
-
-In that example the kernel is compressed with lzo. Also we need to provide a
-flat binary, not an ELF. So the steps needed to set things are are:
-
- # Create a flat binary
- objcopy -O binary vmlinux vmlinux.bin
-
- # Compress it into LZO format
- lzop vmlinux.bin
-
- # Build a FIT image
- mkimage -f image.its image.fit
-
-(be careful to run the mkimage from your U-Boot tools directory since it
-will have x86_setup support.)
-
-You can take a look at the resulting fit file if you like:
-
-$ dumpimage -l image.fit
-FIT description: Simple image with single Linux kernel on x86
-Created: Tue Oct 7 10:57:24 2014
- Image 0 (kernel)
- Description: Vanilla Linux kernel
- Created: Tue Oct 7 10:57:24 2014
- Type: Kernel Image
- Compression: lzo compressed
- Data Size: 4591767 Bytes = 4484.15 kB = 4.38 MB
- Architecture: Intel x86
- OS: Linux
- Load Address: 0x01000000
- Entry Point: 0x00000000
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: 446b5163ebfe0fb6ee20cbb7a8501b263cd92392
- Image 1 (setup)
- Description: Linux setup.bin
- Created: Tue Oct 7 10:57:24 2014
- Type: x86 setup.bin
- Compression: uncompressed
- Data Size: 12912 Bytes = 12.61 kB = 0.01 MB
- Hash algo: sha1
- Hash value: a1f2099cf47ff9816236cd534c77af86e713faad
- Default Configuration: 'config-1'
- Configuration 0 (config-1)
- Description: Boot Linux kernel
- Kernel: kernel
-
-
-Booting the FIT
----------------
-
-To make it boot you need to load it and then use 'bootm' to boot it. A
-suitable script to do this from a network server is:
-
- bootp
- tftp image.fit
- bootm
-
-This will load the image from the network and boot it. The command line (from
-the 'bootargs' environment variable) will be passed to the kernel.
-
-If you want a ramdisk you can add it as normal with FIT. If you want a device
-tree then x86 doesn't normally use those - it has ACPI instead.
-
-
-Why Bother?
------------
-
-1. It demystifies the process of booting an x86 kernel
-2. It allows use of the standard U-Boot boot file format
-3. It allows U-Boot to perform decompression - problems will provide an error
-message and you are still in the boot loader. It is possible to investigate.
-4. It avoids all the pre-loader code in the kernel which is quite complex to
-follow
-5. You can use verified/secure boot and other features which haven't yet been
-added to the pre-Linux
-6. It makes x86 more like other architectures in the way it boots a kernel.
-You can potentially use the same file format for the kernel, and the same
-procedure for building and packaging it.
-
-
-References
-----------
-
-In the Linux kernel, Documentation/x86/boot.txt defines the boot protocol for
-the kernel including the setup.bin format. This is handled in U-Boot in
-arch/x86/lib/zimage.c and arch/x86/lib/bootm.c.
-
-Various files in the same directory as this file describe the FIT format.
-
-
---
-Simon Glass
-sjg@chromium.org
-7-Oct-2014
diff --git a/doc/usage/cmd/bind.rst b/doc/usage/cmd/bind.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a5cffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/cmd/bind.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+:
+
+bind command
+============
+
+Synopsis
+--------
+
+::
+
+ bind <node path> <driver>
+ bind <class> <index> <driver>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+The bind command is used to bind a device to a driver. This makes the
+device available in U-Boot.
+
+While binding to a *node path* typically provides a working device
+binding by parent node and driver may lead to a device that is only
+partially initialized.
+
+node path
+ path of the device's device-tree node
+
+class
+ device class name
+
+index
+ index of the parent device in the device class
+
+driver
+ device driver name
+
+Example
+-------
+
+Given a system with a real time clock device with device path */pl031@9010000*
+and using driver rtc-pl031 unbinding and binding of the device is demonstrated
+using the two alternative bind syntaxes.
+
+.. code-block::
+
+ => dm tree
+ Class Index Probed Driver Name
+ -----------------------------------------------------------
+ root 0 [ + ] root_driver root_driver
+ ...
+ rtc 0 [ ] rtc-pl031 |-- pl031@9010000
+ ...
+ => fdt addr $fdtcontroladdr
+ Working FDT set to 7ed7fdb0
+ => fdt print
+ / {
+ interrupt-parent = <0x00008003>;
+ model = "linux,dummy-virt";
+ #size-cells = <0x00000002>;
+ #address-cells = <0x00000002>;
+ compatible = "linux,dummy-virt";
+ ...
+ pl031@9010000 {
+ clock-names = "apb_pclk";
+ clocks = <0x00008000>;
+ interrupts = <0x00000000 0x00000002 0x00000004>;
+ reg = <0x00000000 0x09010000 0x00000000 0x00001000>;
+ compatible = "arm,pl031", "arm,primecell";
+ };
+ ...
+ }
+ => unbind /pl031@9010000
+ => date
+ Cannot find RTC: err=-19
+ => dm tree
+ Class Index Probed Driver Name
+ -----------------------------------------------------------
+ root 0 [ + ] root_driver root_driver
+ ...
+ => bind /pl031@9010000 rtc-pl031
+ => dm tree
+ Class Index Probed Driver Name
+ -----------------------------------------------------------
+ root 0 [ + ] root_driver root_driver
+ ...
+ rtc 0 [ ] rtc-pl031 |-- pl031@9010000
+ => date
+ Date: 2023-06-22 (Thursday) Time: 15:14:51
+ => unbind rtc 0 rtc-pl031
+ => bind root 0 rtc-pl031
+ => date
+ Date: 1980-08-19 (Tuesday) Time: 14:45:30
+
+Obviously the device is not initialized correctly by the last bind command.
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+The bind command is only available if CONFIG_CMD_BIND=y.
+
+Return code
+-----------
+
+The return code $? is 0 (true) on success and 1 (false) on failure.
diff --git a/doc/usage/cmd/bootm.rst b/doc/usage/cmd/bootm.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7e5f6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/cmd/bootm.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+bootm command
+=============
+
+Synopsis
+--------
+
+::
+
+ bootm [fit_addr]#<conf>[#extra-conf]
+ bootm [[fit_addr]:<os_subimg>] [[<fit_addr2>]:<rd_subimg2>] [[<fit_addr3>]:<fdt_subimg>]
+
+ bootm <addr1> [[<addr2> [<addr3>]] # Legacy boot
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+The *bootm* command is used to boot an Operating System. It has a large number
+of options depending on what needs to be booted.
+
+Note that the second form supports the first and/or second arguments to be
+omitted by using a hyphen '-' instead.
+
+fit_addr / fit_addr2 / fit_addr3
+ address of FIT to boot, defaults to CONFIG_SYS_LOAD_ADDR. See notes below.
+
+conf
+ configuration unit to boot (must be preceded by hash '#')
+
+extra-conf
+ extra configuration to boot. This is supported only for additional
+ devicetree overlays to apply on the base device tree supplied by the first
+ configuration unit.
+
+os_subimg
+ OS sub-image to boot (must be preceded by colon ':')
+
+rd_subimg
+ ramdisk sub-image to boot. Use a hyphen '-' if there is no ramdisk but an
+ FDT is needed.
+
+fdt_subimg
+ FDT sub-image to boot
+
+See below for legacy boot. Booting using :doc:`../fit/index` is recommended.
+
+Note on current image address
+-----------------------------
+
+When bootm is called without arguments, the image at current image address is
+booted. The current image address is the address set most recently by a load
+command, etc, and is by default equal to CONFIG_SYS_LOAD_ADDR. For example,
+consider the following commands::
+
+ tftp 200000 /tftpboot/kernel
+ bootm
+ # Last command is equivalent to:
+ # bootm 200000
+
+As shown above, with FIT the address portion of any argument
+can be omitted. If <addr3> is omitted, then it is assumed that image at
+<addr2> should be used. Similarly, when <addr2> is omitted, it is assumed that
+image at <addr1> should be used. If <addr1> is omitted, it is assumed that the
+current image address is to be used. For example, consider the following
+commands::
+
+ tftp 200000 /tftpboot/uImage
+ bootm :kernel-1
+ # Last command is equivalent to:
+ # bootm 200000:kernel-1
+
+ tftp 200000 /tftpboot/uImage
+ bootm 400000:kernel-1 :ramdisk-1
+ # Last command is equivalent to:
+ # bootm 400000:kernel-1 400000:ramdisk-1
+
+ tftp 200000 /tftpboot/uImage
+ bootm :kernel-1 400000:ramdisk-1 :fdt-1
+ # Last command is equivalent to:
+ # bootm 200000:kernel-1 400000:ramdisk-1 400000:fdt-1
+
+
+Legacy boot
+-----------
+
+U-Boot supports a legacy image format, enabled by `CONFIG_LEGACY_IMAGE_FORMAT`.
+This is not recommended as it is quite limited and insecure. Use
+:doc:`../fit/index` instead. It is documented here for old boards which still
+use it.
+
+Arguments are:
+
+addr1
+ address of legacy image to boot. If the image includes a second component
+ (ramdisk) it is used as well, unless the second parameter is hyphen '-'.
+
+addr2
+ address of legacy image to use as ramdisk
+
+addr3
+ address of legacy image to use as FDT
+
+
+Example syntax
+--------------
+
+This section provides various examples of possible usage::
+
+ 1. bootm /* boot image at the current address, equivalent to 2,3,8 */
+
+This is equivalent to cases 2, 3 or 8, depending on the type of image at
+the current image address.
+
+Boot method: see cases 2,3,8
+
+Legacy uImage syntax
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+::
+
+ 2. bootm <addr1> /* single image at <addr1> */
+
+Boot kernel image located at <addr1>.
+
+Boot method: non-FDT
+
+::
+
+ 3. bootm <addr1> /* multi-image at <addr1> */
+
+First and second components of the image at <addr1> are assumed to be a
+kernel and a ramdisk, respectively. The kernel is booted with initrd loaded
+with the ramdisk from the image.
+
+Boot method: depends on the number of components at <addr1>, and on whether
+U-Boot is compiled with OF support, which it should be.
+
+ ==================== ======================== ========================
+ Configuration 2 components 3 components
+ (kernel, initrd) (kernel, initrd, fdt)
+ ==================== ======================== ========================
+ #ifdef CONFIG_OF_* non-FDT FDT
+ #ifndef CONFIG_OF_* non-FDT non-FDT
+ ==================== ======================== ========================
+
+::
+
+ 4. bootm <addr1> - /* multi-image at <addr1> */
+
+Similar to case 3, but the kernel is booted without initrd. Second
+component of the multi-image is irrelevant (it can be a dummy, 1-byte file).
+
+Boot method: see case 3
+
+::
+
+ 5. bootm <addr1> <addr2> /* single image at <addr1> */
+
+Boot kernel image located at <addr1> with initrd loaded with ramdisk
+from the image at <addr2>.
+
+Boot method: non-FDT
+
+::
+
+ 6. bootm <addr1> <addr2> <addr3> /* single image at <addr1> */
+
+<addr1> is the address of a kernel image, <addr2> is the address of a
+ramdisk image, and <addr3> is the address of a FDT binary blob. Kernel is
+booted with initrd loaded with ramdisk from the image at <addr2>.
+
+Boot method: FDT
+
+::
+
+ 7. bootm <addr1> - <addr3> /* single image at <addr1> */
+
+<addr1> is the address of a kernel image and <addr3> is the address of
+a FDT binary blob. Kernel is booted without initrd.
+
+Boot method: FDT
+
+FIT syntax
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+::
+
+ 8. bootm <addr1>
+
+Image at <addr1> is assumed to contain a default configuration, which
+is booted.
+
+Boot method: FDT or non-FDT, depending on whether the default configuration
+defines FDT
+
+::
+
+ 9. bootm [<addr1>]:<subimg1>
+
+Similar to case 2: boot kernel stored in <subimg1> from the image at
+address <addr1>.
+
+Boot method: non-FDT
+
+::
+
+ 10. bootm [<addr1>]#<conf>[#<extra-conf[#...]]
+
+Boot configuration <conf> from the image at <addr1>.
+
+Boot method: FDT or non-FDT, depending on whether the configuration given
+defines FDT
+
+::
+
+ 11. bootm [<addr1>]:<subimg1> [<addr2>]:<subimg2>
+
+Equivalent to case 5: boot kernel stored in <subimg1> from the image
+at <addr1> with initrd loaded with ramdisk <subimg2> from the image at
+<addr2>.
+
+Boot method: non-FDT
+
+::
+
+ 12. bootm [<addr1>]:<subimg1> [<addr2>]:<subimg2> [<addr3>]:<subimg3>
+
+Equivalent to case 6: boot kernel stored in <subimg1> from the image
+at <addr1> with initrd loaded with ramdisk <subimg2> from the image at
+<addr2>, and pass FDT blob <subimg3> from the image at <addr3>.
+
+Boot method: FDT
+
+::
+
+ 13. bootm [<addr1>]:<subimg1> [<addr2>]:<subimg2> <addr3>
+
+Similar to case 12, the difference being that <addr3> is the address
+of FDT binary blob that is to be passed to the kernel.
+
+Boot method: FDT
+
+::
+
+ 14. bootm [<addr1>]:<subimg1> - [<addr3>]:<subimg3>
+
+Equivalent to case 7: boot kernel stored in <subimg1> from the image
+at <addr1>, without initrd, and pass FDT blob <subimg3> from the image at
+<addr3>.
+
+Boot method: FDT
+
+ 15. bootm [<addr1>]:<subimg1> - <addr3>
+
+Similar to case 14, the difference being that <addr3> is the address
+of the FDT binary blob that is to be passed to the kernel.
+
+Boot method: FDT
+
+
+
+Example
+-------
+
+boot kernel "kernel-1" stored in a new uImage located at 200000::
+
+ bootm 200000:kernel-1
+
+boot configuration "cfg-1" from a new uImage located at 200000::
+
+ bootm 200000#cfg-1
+
+boot configuration "cfg-1" with extra "cfg-2" from a new uImage located
+at 200000::
+
+ bootm 200000#cfg-1#cfg-2
+
+boot "kernel-1" from a new uImage at 200000 with initrd "ramdisk-2" found in
+some other new uImage stored at address 800000::
+
+ bootm 200000:kernel-1 800000:ramdisk-2
+
+boot "kernel-2" from a new uImage at 200000, with initrd "ramdisk-1" and FDT
+"fdt-1", both stored in some other new uImage located at 800000::
+
+ bootm 200000:kernel-1 800000:ramdisk-1 800000:fdt-1
+
+boot kernel "kernel-2" with initrd "ramdisk-2", both stored in a new uImage
+at address 200000, with a raw FDT blob stored at address 600000::
+
+ bootm 200000:kernel-2 200000:ramdisk-2 600000
+
+boot kernel "kernel-2" from new uImage at 200000 with FDT "fdt-1" from the
+same new uImage::
+
+ bootm 200000:kernel-2 - 200000:fdt-1
+
+.. sectionauthor:: Bartlomiej Sieka <tur@semihalf.com>
+.. sectionauthor:: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
diff --git a/doc/usage/cmd/imxtract.rst b/doc/usage/cmd/imxtract.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb64b1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/cmd/imxtract.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+:
+
+imxtract command
+================
+
+Synopsis
+--------
+
+::
+
+ imxtract addr part [dest]
+ imxtract addr uname [dest]
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+The imxtract command is used to extract a part of a multi-image file.
+
+Two different file formats are supported:
+
+* FIT images
+* legacy U-Boot images
+
+addr
+ Address of the multi-image file from which a part shall be extracted
+
+part
+ Index (hexadecimal) of the part of a legacy U-Boot image to be extracted
+
+uname
+ Name of the part of a FIT image to be extracted
+
+dest
+ Destination address (defaults to 0x0)
+
+The value of environment variable *verify* controls if the hashes and
+signatures of FIT images or the check sums of legacy U-Boot images are checked.
+To enable checking set *verify* to one of the values *1*, *yes*, *true*.
+(Actually only the first letter is checked disregarding the case.)
+
+To list the parts of an image the *iminfo* command can be used.
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+With verify=no incorrect hashes, signatures, or check sums don't stop the
+extraction. But correct hashes are still indicated in the output
+(here: md5, sha1).
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ => setenv verify no
+ => imxtract $loadaddr kernel-1 $kernel_addr_r
+ ## Copying 'kernel-1' subimage from FIT image at 40200000 ...
+ md5+ sha1+ Loading part 0 ... OK
+ =>
+
+With verify=yes incorrect hashes, signatures, or check sums stop the extraction.
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ => setenv verify yes
+ => imxtract $loadaddr kernel-1 $kernel_addr_r
+ ## Copying 'kernel-1' subimage from FIT image at 40200000 ...
+ md5 error!
+ Bad hash value for 'hash-1' hash node in 'kernel-1' image node
+ Bad Data Hash
+ =>
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+The imxtract command is only available if CONFIG_CMD_XIMG=y. Support for FIT
+images requires CONFIG_FIT=y. Support for legacy U-Boot images requires
+CONFIG_LEGACY_IMAGE_FORMAT=y.
+
+Return value
+------------
+
+On success the return value $? of the command is 0 (true). On failure the
+return value is 1 (false).
diff --git a/doc/usage/cmd/loadb.rst b/doc/usage/cmd/loadb.rst
index b37d1d7..0464b1f 100644
--- a/doc/usage/cmd/loadb.rst
+++ b/doc/usage/cmd/loadb.rst
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Synopsis
Description
-----------
-The loady command is used to transfer a file to the device via the serial line
+The loadb command is used to transfer a file to the device via the serial line
using the Kermit protocol.
The number of transferred bytes is saved in environment variable filesize.
diff --git a/doc/usage/cmd/loads.rst b/doc/usage/cmd/loads.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4cb063
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/cmd/loads.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+:
+
+loads command
+=============
+
+Synopsis
+--------
+
+::
+
+ loads [offset [baud]]
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+The loads command is used to transfer a file to the device via the serial line
+using the Motorola S-record file format.
+
+offset
+ offset added to the addresses in the S-record file
+
+baud
+ baud rate to use for download. This parameter is only available if
+ CONFIG_SYS_LOADS_BAUD_CHANGE=y
+
+Example
+-------
+
+As example file to be transferred we use a script printing 'hello s-record'.
+Here are the commands to create the S-record file:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+ $ echo 'echo hello s-record' > script.txt
+ $ mkimage -T script -d script.txt script.scr
+ Image Name:
+ Created: Sun Jun 25 10:35:02 2023
+ Image Type: PowerPC Linux Script (gzip compressed)
+ Data Size: 28 Bytes = 0.03 KiB = 0.00 MiB
+ Load Address: 00000000
+ Entry Point: 00000000
+ Contents:
+ Image 0: 20 Bytes = 0.02 KiB = 0.00 MiB
+ $ srec_cat script.scr -binary -CRLF -Output script.srec
+ $ echo -e "S9030000FC\r" >> script.srec
+ $ cat script.srec
+ S0220000687474703A2F2F737265636F72642E736F75726365666F7267652E6E65742F1D
+ S1230000270519566D773EB6649815E30000001700000000000000003DE3D97005070601E2
+ S12300200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000BC
+ S11A00400000000F0000000068656C6C6F20732D7265636F72640A39
+ S5030003F9
+ S9030000FC
+ $
+
+The load address in the first S1 record is 0x0000.
+
+The terminal emulation program picocom is invoked with *cat* as the send
+command to transfer the file.
+
+.. code-block::
+
+ picocom --send-cmd 'cat' --baud 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0
+
+After entering the *loads* command the key sequence <CTRL-A><CTRL-S> is used to
+let picocom prompt for the file name. Picocom invokes the program *cat* for the
+file transfer. The loaded script is executed using the *source* command.
+
+.. code-block::
+
+ => loads $scriptaddr
+ ## Ready for S-Record download ...
+
+ *** file: script.srec
+ $ cat script.srec
+
+ *** exit status: 0 ***
+
+ ## First Load Addr = 0x4FC00000
+ ## Last Load Addr = 0x4FC0005B
+ ## Total Size = 0x0000005C = 92 Bytes
+ ## Start Addr = 0x00000000
+ => source $scriptaddr
+ ## Executing script at 4fc00000
+ hello s-record
+ =>
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+The command is only available if CONFIG_CMD_LOADS=y. The parameter to set the
+baud rate is only available if CONFIG_SYS_LOADS_BAUD_CHANGE=y
+
+Return value
+------------
+
+The return value $? is 0 (true) on success, 1 (false) otherwise.
diff --git a/doc/usage/cmd/saves.rst b/doc/usage/cmd/saves.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5823f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/cmd/saves.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+:
+
+saves command
+=============
+
+Synopsis
+--------
+
+::
+
+ saves [offset [size [baud]]]
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+The *saves* command is used to transfer a file from the device via the serial
+line using the Motorola S-record file format.
+
+offset
+ start address of memory area to save, defaults to 0x0
+
+size
+ size of memory area to save, defaults to 0x0
+
+baud
+ baud rate to use for upload. This parameter is only available if
+ CONFIG_SYS_LOADS_BAUD_CHANGE=y
+
+Example
+-------
+
+In the example the *screen* command is used to connect to the U-Boot serial
+console.
+
+In a first screen session a file is loaded from the SD-card and the *saves*
+command is invoked. <CTRL+A><k> is used to kill the screen session.
+
+A new screen session is started which logs the output to a file and the
+<ENTER> key is hit to start the file output. <CTRL+A><k> is issued to kill the
+screen session.
+
+The log file is converted to a binary file using the *srec_cat* command.
+A negative offset of -1337982976 (= -0x4c000000) is applied to compensate for
+the offset used in the *saves* command.
+
+.. code-block::
+
+ $ screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
+ => echo $scriptaddr
+ 0x4FC00000
+ => load mmc 0:1 $scriptaddr boot.txt
+ 124 bytes read in 1 ms (121.1 KiB/s)
+ => saves $scriptaddr $filesize
+ ## Ready for S-Record upload, press ENTER to proceed ...
+ Really kill this window [y/n]
+ $ screen -Logfile out.srec -L /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
+ S0030000FC
+ S3154FC00000736574656E76206175746F6C6F616420AD
+ S3154FC000106E6F0A646863700A6C6F6164206D6D633E
+ S3154FC0002020303A3120246664745F616464725F72B3
+ S3154FC00030206474620A6C6F6164206D6D6320303AC0
+ S3154FC000403120246B65726E656C5F616464725F72DA
+ S3154FC0005020736E702E6566690A626F6F74656669C6
+ S3154FC0006020246B65726E656C5F616464725F7220CB
+ S3114FC00070246664745F616464725F720A38
+ S70500000000FA
+ ## S-Record upload complete
+ =>
+ Really kill this window [y/n]
+ $ srec_cat out.srec -offset -1337982976 -Output out.txt -binary 2>/dev/null
+ $ cat out.txt
+ setenv autoload no
+ dhcp
+ load mmc 0:1 $fdt_addr_r dtb
+ load mmc 0:1 $kernel_addr_r snp.efi
+ bootefi $kernel_addr_r $fdt_addr_r
+ $
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+The command is only available if CONFIG_CMD_SAVES=y. The parameter to set the
+baud rate is only available if CONFIG_SYS_LOADS_BAUD_CHANGE=y
+
+Return value
+------------
+
+The return value $? is 0 (true) on success, 1 (false) otherwise.
diff --git a/doc/usage/cmd/source.rst b/doc/usage/cmd/source.rst
index a5c5204..697f644 100644
--- a/doc/usage/cmd/source.rst
+++ b/doc/usage/cmd/source.rst
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Two formats for script files exist:
* Flat Image Tree (FIT)
The benefit of the FIT images is that they can be signed and verifed as
-decribed in :download:`signature.txt <../../uImage.FIT/signature.txt>`.
+described in :doc:`../fit/signature`.
Both formats can be created with the mkimage tool.
diff --git a/doc/usage/cmd/unbind.rst b/doc/usage/cmd/unbind.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..594e4f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/cmd/unbind.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+:
+
+unbind command
+==============
+
+Synopsis
+--------
+
+::
+
+ unbind <node path>
+ unbind <class> <index>
+ unbind <class> <index> <driver>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+The unbind command is used to unbind a device from a driver. This makes the
+device unavailable in U-Boot.
+
+node path
+ path of the device's device-tree node
+
+class
+ device class name
+
+index
+ index of the device in the device class
+
+driver
+ device driver name
+
+Example
+-------
+
+Given a system with a real time clock device with device path */pl031@9010000*
+and using driver rtc-pl031 unbinding and binding of the device is demonstrated
+using the three alternative unbind syntaxes.
+
+.. code-block::
+
+ => dm tree
+ Class Index Probed Driver Name
+ -----------------------------------------------------------
+ root 0 [ + ] root_driver root_driver
+ ...
+ rtc 0 [ ] rtc-pl031 |-- pl031@9010000
+ ...
+ => fdt addr $fdtcontroladdr
+ Working FDT set to 7ed7fdb0
+ => fdt print
+ / {
+ interrupt-parent = <0x00008003>;
+ model = "linux,dummy-virt";
+ #size-cells = <0x00000002>;
+ #address-cells = <0x00000002>;
+ compatible = "linux,dummy-virt";
+ ...
+ pl031@9010000 {
+ clock-names = "apb_pclk";
+ clocks = <0x00008000>;
+ interrupts = <0x00000000 0x00000002 0x00000004>;
+ reg = <0x00000000 0x09010000 0x00000000 0x00001000>;
+ compatible = "arm,pl031", "arm,primecell";
+ };
+ ...
+ }
+ => unbind /pl031@9010000
+ => dm tree
+ Class Index Probed Driver Name
+ -----------------------------------------------------------
+ root 0 [ + ] root_driver root_driver
+ ...
+ => unbind /pl031@9010000
+ Cannot find a device with path /pl031@9010000
+ => bind /pl031@9010000 rtc-pl031
+ => dm tree
+ Class Index Probed Driver Name
+ -----------------------------------------------------------
+ root 0 [ + ] root_driver root_driver
+ ...
+ rtc 0 [ ] rtc-pl031 |-- pl031@9010000
+ => unbind rtc 0
+ => bind /pl031@9010000 rtc-pl031
+ => unbind rtc 0 rtc-pl031
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+The unbind command is only available if CONFIG_CMD_BIND=y.
+
+Return code
+-----------
+
+The return code $? is 0 (true) on success and 1 (false) on failure.
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/beaglebone_vboot.rst b/doc/usage/fit/beaglebone_vboot.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0580ee1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/beaglebone_vboot.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,612 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+Verified Boot on the Beaglebone Black
+=====================================
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+Before reading this, please read :doc:`verified-boot` and :doc:`signature`.
+These instructions are for mainline U-Boot from v2014.07 onwards.
+
+There is quite a bit of documentation in this directory describing how
+verified boot works in U-Boot. There is also a test which runs through the
+entire process of signing an image and running U-Boot (sandbox) to check it.
+However, it might be useful to also have an example on a real board.
+
+Beaglebone Black is a fairly common board so seems to be a reasonable choice
+for an example of how to enable verified boot using U-Boot.
+
+First a note that may to help avoid confusion. U-Boot and Linux both use
+device tree. They may use the same device tree source, but it is seldom useful
+for them to use the exact same binary from the same place. More typically,
+U-Boot has its device tree packaged with it, and the kernel's device tree is
+packaged with the kernel. In particular this is important with verified boot,
+since U-Boot's device tree must be immutable. If it can be changed then the
+public keys can be changed and verified boot is useless. An attacker can
+simply generate a new key and put his public key into U-Boot so that
+everything verifies. On the other hand the kernel's device tree typically
+changes when the kernel changes, so it is useful to package an updated device
+tree with the kernel binary. U-Boot supports the latter with its flexible FIT
+format (Flat Image Tree).
+
+
+Overview
+--------
+
+The steps are roughly as follows:
+
+#. Build U-Boot for the board, with the verified boot options enabled.
+
+#. Obtain a suitable Linux kernel
+
+#. Create a Image Tree Source file (ITS) file describing how you want the
+ kernel to be packaged, compressed and signed.
+
+#. Create a key pair
+
+#. Sign the kernel
+
+#. Put the public key into U-Boot's image
+
+#. Put U-Boot and the kernel onto the board
+
+#. Try it
+
+
+Step 1: Build U-Boot
+--------------------
+
+a. Set up the environment variable to point to your toolchain. You will need
+ this for U-Boot and also for the kernel if you build it. For example if you
+ installed a Linaro version manually it might be something like::
+
+ export CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/linaro/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2013.08_linux/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-
+
+ or if you just installed gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi then it might be::
+
+ export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
+
+b. Configure and build U-Boot with verified boot enabled::
+
+ export UBOOT=/path/to/u-boot
+ cd $UBOOT
+ # You can add -j10 if you have 10 CPUs to make it faster
+ make O=b/am335x_boneblack_vboot am335x_boneblack_vboot_config all
+ export UOUT=$UBOOT/b/am335x_boneblack_vboot
+
+c. You will now have a U-Boot image::
+
+ file b/am335x_boneblack_vboot/u-boot-dtb.img
+ b/am335x_boneblack_vboot/u-boot-dtb.img: u-boot legacy uImage,
+ U-Boot 2014.07-rc2-00065-g2f69f8, Firmware/ARM, Firmware Image
+ (Not compressed), 395375 bytes, Sat May 31 16:19:04 2014,
+ Load Address: 0x80800000, Entry Point: 0x00000000,
+ Header CRC: 0x0ABD6ACA, Data CRC: 0x36DEF7E4
+
+
+Step 2: Build Linux
+--------------------
+
+a. Find the kernel image ('Image') and device tree (.dtb) file you plan to
+ use. In our case it is am335x-boneblack.dtb and it is built with the kernel.
+ At the time of writing an SD Boot image can be obtained from here::
+
+ http://www.elinux.org/Beagleboard:Updating_The_Software#Image_For_Booting_From_microSD
+
+ You can write this to an SD card and then mount it to extract the kernel and
+ device tree files.
+
+ You can also build a kernel. Instructions for this are are here::
+
+ http://elinux.org/Building_BBB_Kernel
+
+ or you can use your favourite search engine. Following these instructions
+ produces a kernel Image and device tree files. For the record the steps
+ were::
+
+ export KERNEL=/path/to/kernel
+ cd $KERNEL
+ git clone git://github.com/beagleboard/kernel.git .
+ git checkout v3.14
+ ./patch.sh
+ cp configs/beaglebone kernel/arch/arm/configs/beaglebone_defconfig
+ cd kernel
+ make beaglebone_defconfig
+ make uImage dtbs # -j10 if you have 10 CPUs
+ export OKERNEL=$KERNEL/kernel/arch/arm/boot
+
+b. You now have the 'Image' and 'am335x-boneblack.dtb' files needed to boot.
+
+
+Step 3: Create the ITS
+----------------------
+
+Set up a directory for your work::
+
+ export WORK=/path/to/dir
+ cd $WORK
+
+Put this into a file in that directory called sign.its::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ / {
+ description = "Beaglebone black";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+
+ images {
+ kernel {
+ data = /incbin/("Image.lzo");
+ type = "kernel";
+ arch = "arm";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "lzo";
+ load = <0x80008000>;
+ entry = <0x80008000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+ fdt-1 {
+ description = "beaglebone-black";
+ data = /incbin/("am335x-boneblack.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ compression = "none";
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ configurations {
+ default = "conf-1";
+ conf-1 {
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1";
+ signature-1 {
+ algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
+ key-name-hint = "dev";
+ sign-images = "fdt", "kernel";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+
+The explanation for this is all in the documentation you have already read.
+But briefly it packages a kernel and device tree, and provides a single
+configuration to be signed with a key named 'dev'. The kernel is compressed
+with LZO to make it smaller.
+
+
+Step 4: Create a key pair
+-------------------------
+
+See :doc:`signature` for details on this step::
+
+ cd $WORK
+ mkdir keys
+ openssl genrsa -F4 -out keys/dev.key 2048
+ openssl req -batch -new -x509 -key keys/dev.key -out keys/dev.crt
+
+Note: keys/dev.key contains your private key and is very secret. If anyone
+gets access to that file they can sign kernels with it. Keep it secure.
+
+
+Step 5: Sign the kernel
+-----------------------
+
+We need to use mkimage (which was built when you built U-Boot) to package the
+Linux kernel into a FIT (Flat Image Tree, a flexible file format that U-Boot
+can load) using the ITS file you just created.
+
+At the same time we must put the public key into U-Boot device tree, with the
+'required' property, which tells U-Boot that this key must be verified for the
+image to be valid. You will make this key available to U-Boot for booting in
+step 6::
+
+ ln -s $OKERNEL/dts/am335x-boneblack.dtb
+ ln -s $OKERNEL/Image
+ ln -s $UOUT/u-boot-dtb.img
+ cp $UOUT/arch/arm/dts/am335x-boneblack.dtb am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb
+ lzop Image
+ $UOUT/tools/mkimage -f sign.its -K am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb -k keys -r image.fit
+
+You should see something like this::
+
+ FIT description: Beaglebone black
+ Created: Sun Jun 1 12:50:30 2014
+ Image 0 (kernel)
+ Description: unavailable
+ Created: Sun Jun 1 12:50:30 2014
+ Type: Kernel Image
+ Compression: lzo compressed
+ Data Size: 7790938 Bytes = 7608.34 kB = 7.43 MB
+ Architecture: ARM
+ OS: Linux
+ Load Address: 0x80008000
+ Entry Point: 0x80008000
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: c94364646427e10f423837e559898ef02c97b988
+ Image 1 (fdt-1)
+ Description: beaglebone-black
+ Created: Sun Jun 1 12:50:30 2014
+ Type: Flat Device Tree
+ Compression: uncompressed
+ Data Size: 31547 Bytes = 30.81 kB = 0.03 MB
+ Architecture: ARM
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: cb09202f889d824f23b8e4404b781be5ad38a68d
+ Default Configuration: 'conf-1'
+ Configuration 0 (conf-1)
+ Description: unavailable
+ Kernel: kernel
+ FDT: fdt-1
+
+
+Now am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb contains the public key and image.fit contains
+the signed kernel. Jump to step 6 if you like, or continue reading to increase
+your understanding.
+
+You can also run fit_check_sign to check it::
+
+ $UOUT/tools/fit_check_sign -f image.fit -k am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb
+
+which results in::
+
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha1,rsa2048:dev+
+ ## Loading kernel from FIT Image at 7fc6ee469000 ...
+ Using 'conf-1' configuration
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ...
+ sha1,rsa2048:dev+
+ OK
+
+ Trying 'kernel' kernel subimage
+ Description: unavailable
+ Created: Sun Jun 1 12:50:30 2014
+ Type: Kernel Image
+ Compression: lzo compressed
+ Data Size: 7790938 Bytes = 7608.34 kB = 7.43 MB
+ Architecture: ARM
+ OS: Linux
+ Load Address: 0x80008000
+ Entry Point: 0x80008000
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: c94364646427e10f423837e559898ef02c97b988
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ...
+ sha1+
+ OK
+
+ Unimplemented compression type 4
+ ## Loading fdt from FIT Image at 7fc6ee469000 ...
+ Using 'conf-1' configuration
+ Trying 'fdt-1' fdt subimage
+ Description: beaglebone-black
+ Created: Sun Jun 1 12:50:30 2014
+ Type: Flat Device Tree
+ Compression: uncompressed
+ Data Size: 31547 Bytes = 30.81 kB = 0.03 MB
+ Architecture: ARM
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: cb09202f889d824f23b8e4404b781be5ad38a68d
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ...
+ sha1+
+ OK
+
+ Loading Flat Device Tree ... OK
+
+ ## Loading ramdisk from FIT Image at 7fc6ee469000 ...
+ Using 'conf-1' configuration
+ Could not find subimage node
+
+ Signature check OK
+
+
+At the top, you see "sha1,rsa2048:dev+". This means that it checked an RSA key
+of size 2048 bits using SHA1 as the hash algorithm. The key name checked was
+'dev' and the '+' means that it verified. If it showed '-' that would be bad.
+
+Once the configuration is verified it is then possible to rely on the hashes
+in each image referenced by that configuration. So fit_check_sign goes on to
+load each of the images. We have a kernel and an FDT but no ramkdisk. In each
+case fit_check_sign checks the hash and prints sha1+ meaning that the SHA1
+hash verified. This means that none of the images has been tampered with.
+
+There is a test in test/vboot which uses U-Boot's sandbox build to verify that
+the above flow works.
+
+But it is fun to do this by hand, so you can load image.fit into a hex editor
+like ghex, and change a byte in the kernel::
+
+ $UOUT/tools/fit_info -f image.fit -n /images/kernel -p data
+ NAME: kernel
+ LEN: 7790938
+ OFF: 168
+
+This tells us that the kernel starts at byte offset 168 (decimal) in image.fit
+and extends for about 7MB. Try changing a byte at 0x2000 (say) and run
+fit_check_sign again. You should see something like::
+
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha1,rsa2048:dev+
+ ## Loading kernel from FIT Image at 7f5a39571000 ...
+ Using 'conf-1' configuration
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ...
+ sha1,rsa2048:dev+
+ OK
+
+ Trying 'kernel' kernel subimage
+ Description: unavailable
+ Created: Sun Jun 1 13:09:21 2014
+ Type: Kernel Image
+ Compression: lzo compressed
+ Data Size: 7790938 Bytes = 7608.34 kB = 7.43 MB
+ Architecture: ARM
+ OS: Linux
+ Load Address: 0x80008000
+ Entry Point: 0x80008000
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: c94364646427e10f423837e559898ef02c97b988
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ...
+ sha1 error
+ Bad hash value for 'hash-1' hash node in 'kernel' image node
+ Bad Data Hash
+
+ ## Loading fdt from FIT Image at 7f5a39571000 ...
+ Using 'conf-1' configuration
+ Trying 'fdt-1' fdt subimage
+ Description: beaglebone-black
+ Created: Sun Jun 1 13:09:21 2014
+ Type: Flat Device Tree
+ Compression: uncompressed
+ Data Size: 31547 Bytes = 30.81 kB = 0.03 MB
+ Architecture: ARM
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: cb09202f889d824f23b8e4404b781be5ad38a68d
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ...
+ sha1+
+ OK
+
+ Loading Flat Device Tree ... OK
+
+ ## Loading ramdisk from FIT Image at 7f5a39571000 ...
+ Using 'conf-1' configuration
+ Could not find subimage node
+
+ Signature check Bad (error 1)
+
+
+It has detected the change in the kernel.
+
+You can also be sneaky and try to switch images, using the libfdt utilities
+that come with dtc (package name is device-tree-compiler but you will need a
+recent version like 1.4::
+
+ dtc -v
+ Version: DTC 1.4.0
+
+First we can check which nodes are actually hashed by the configuration::
+
+ $ fdtget -l image.fit /
+ images
+ configurations
+
+ $ fdtget -l image.fit /configurations
+ conf-1
+ fdtget -l image.fit /configurations/conf-1
+ signature-1
+
+ $ fdtget -p image.fit /configurations/conf-1/signature-1
+ hashed-strings
+ hashed-nodes
+ timestamp
+ signer-version
+ signer-name
+ value
+ algo
+ key-name-hint
+ sign-images
+
+ $ fdtget image.fit /configurations/conf-1/signature-1 hashed-nodes
+ / /configurations/conf-1 /images/fdt-1 /images/fdt-1/hash /images/kernel /images/kernel/hash-1
+
+This gives us a bit of a look into the signature that mkimage added. Note you
+can also use fdtdump to list the entire device tree.
+
+Say we want to change the kernel that this configuration uses
+(/images/kernel). We could just put a new kernel in the image, but we will
+need to change the hash to match. Let's simulate that by changing a byte of
+the hash::
+
+ fdtget -tx image.fit /images/kernel/hash-1 value
+ c9436464 6427e10f 423837e5 59898ef0 2c97b988
+ fdtput -tx image.fit /images/kernel/hash-1 value c9436464 6427e10f 423837e5 59898ef0 2c97b981
+
+Now check it again::
+
+ $UOUT/tools/fit_check_sign -f image.fit -k am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha1,rsa2048:devrsa_verify_with_keynode: RSA failed to verify: -13
+ rsa_verify_with_keynode: RSA failed to verify: -13
+ -
+ Failed to verify required signature 'key-dev'
+ Signature check Bad (error 1)
+
+This time we don't even get as far as checking the images, since the
+configuration signature doesn't match. We can't change any hashes without the
+signature check noticing. The configuration is essentially locked. U-Boot has
+a public key for which it requires a match, and will not permit the use of any
+configuration that does not match that public key. The only way the
+configuration will match is if it was signed by the matching private key.
+
+It would also be possible to add a new signature node that does match your new
+configuration. But that won't work since you are not allowed to change the
+configuration in any way. Try it with a fresh (valid) image if you like by
+running the mkimage link again. Then::
+
+ fdtput -p image.fit /configurations/conf-1/signature-1 value fred
+ $UOUT/tools/fit_check_sign -f image.fit -k am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ... -
+ sha1,rsa2048:devrsa_verify_with_keynode: RSA failed to verify: -13
+ rsa_verify_with_keynode: RSA failed to verify: -13
+ -
+ Failed to verify required signature 'key-dev'
+ Signature check Bad (error 1)
+
+
+Of course it would be possible to add an entirely new configuration and boot
+with that, but it still needs to be signed, so it won't help.
+
+
+6. Put the public key into U-Boot's image
+-----------------------------------------
+
+Having confirmed that the signature is doing its job, let's try it out in
+U-Boot on the board. U-Boot needs access to the public key corresponding to
+the private key that you signed with so that it can verify any kernels that
+you sign::
+
+ cd $UBOOT
+ make O=b/am335x_boneblack_vboot EXT_DTB=${WORK}/am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb
+
+Here we are overriding the normal device tree file with our one, which
+contains the public key.
+
+Now you have a special U-Boot image with the public key. It can verify can
+kernel that you sign with the private key as in step 5.
+
+If you like you can take a look at the public key information that mkimage
+added to U-Boot's device tree::
+
+ fdtget -p am335x-boneblack-pubkey.dtb /signature/key-dev
+ required
+ algo
+ rsa,r-squared
+ rsa,modulus
+ rsa,n0-inverse
+ rsa,num-bits
+ key-name-hint
+
+This has information about the key and some pre-processed values which U-Boot
+can use to verify against it. These values are obtained from the public key
+certificate by mkimage, but require quite a bit of code to generate. To save
+code space in U-Boot, the information is extracted and written in raw form for
+U-Boot to easily use. The same mechanism is used in Google's Chrome OS.
+
+Notice the 'required' property. This marks the key as required - U-Boot will
+not boot any image that does not verify against this key.
+
+
+7. Put U-Boot and the kernel onto the board
+-------------------------------------------
+
+The method here varies depending on how you are booting. For this example we
+are booting from an micro-SD card with two partitions, one for U-Boot and one
+for Linux. Put it into your machine and write U-Boot and the kernel to it.
+Here the card is /dev/sde::
+
+ cd $WORK
+ export UDEV=/dev/sde1 # Change thes two lines to the correct device
+ export KDEV=/dev/sde2
+ sudo mount $UDEV /mnt/tmp && sudo cp $UOUT/u-boot-dtb.img /mnt/tmp/u-boot.img && sleep 1 && sudo umount $UDEV
+ sudo mount $KDEV /mnt/tmp && sudo cp $WORK/image.fit /mnt/tmp/boot/image.fit && sleep 1 && sudo umount $KDEV
+
+
+8. Try it
+---------
+
+Boot the board using the commands below::
+
+ setenv bootargs console=ttyO0,115200n8 quiet root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 ro rootfstype=ext4 rootwait
+ ext2load mmc 0:2 82000000 /boot/image.fit
+ bootm 82000000
+
+You should then see something like this::
+
+ U-Boot# setenv bootargs console=ttyO0,115200n8 quiet root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 ro rootfstype=ext4 rootwait
+ U-Boot# ext2load mmc 0:2 82000000 /boot/image.fit
+ 7824930 bytes read in 589 ms (12.7 MiB/s)
+ U-Boot# bootm 82000000
+ ## Loading kernel from FIT Image at 82000000 ...
+ Using 'conf-1' configuration
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha1,rsa2048:dev+ OK
+ Trying 'kernel' kernel subimage
+ Description: unavailable
+ Created: 2014-06-01 19:32:54 UTC
+ Type: Kernel Image
+ Compression: lzo compressed
+ Data Start: 0x820000a8
+ Data Size: 7790938 Bytes = 7.4 MiB
+ Architecture: ARM
+ OS: Linux
+ Load Address: 0x80008000
+ Entry Point: 0x80008000
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: c94364646427e10f423837e559898ef02c97b988
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha1+ OK
+ ## Loading fdt from FIT Image at 82000000 ...
+ Using 'conf-1' configuration
+ Trying 'fdt-1' fdt subimage
+ Description: beaglebone-black
+ Created: 2014-06-01 19:32:54 UTC
+ Type: Flat Device Tree
+ Compression: uncompressed
+ Data Start: 0x8276e2ec
+ Data Size: 31547 Bytes = 30.8 KiB
+ Architecture: ARM
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: cb09202f889d824f23b8e4404b781be5ad38a68d
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha1+ OK
+ Booting using the fdt blob at 0x8276e2ec
+ Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
+ Loading Device Tree to 8fff5000, end 8ffffb3a ... OK
+
+ Starting kernel ...
+
+ [ 0.582377] omap_init_mbox: hwmod doesn't have valid attrs
+ [ 2.589651] musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.0.auto: Failed to request rx1.
+ [ 2.595830] musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.0.auto: musb_init_controller failed with status -517
+ [ 2.606470] musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.1.auto: Failed to request rx1.
+ [ 2.612723] musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.1.auto: musb_init_controller failed with status -517
+ [ 2.940808] drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
+ [ 7.248889] libphy: PHY 4a101000.mdio:01 not found
+ [ 7.253995] net eth0: phy 4a101000.mdio:01 not found on slave 1
+ systemd-fsck[83]: Angstrom: clean, 50607/218160 files, 306348/872448 blocks
+
+ .---O---.
+ | | .-. o o
+ | | |-----.-----.-----.| | .----..-----.-----.
+ | | | __ | ---'| '--.| .-'| | |
+ | | | | | |--- || --'| | | ' | | | |
+ '---'---'--'--'--. |-----''----''--' '-----'-'-'-'
+ -' |
+ '---'
+
+ The Angstrom Distribution beaglebone ttyO0
+
+ Angstrom v2012.12 - Kernel 3.14.1+
+
+ beaglebone login:
+
+At this point your kernel has been verified and you can be sure that it is one
+that you signed. As an exercise, try changing image.fit as in step 5 and see
+what happens.
+
+
+Further Improvements
+--------------------
+
+Several of the steps here can be easily automated. In particular it would be
+capital if signing and packaging a kernel were easy, perhaps a simple make
+target in the kernel.
+
+Some mention of how to use multiple .dtb files in a FIT might be useful.
+
+U-Boot's verified boot mechanism has not had a robust and independent security
+review. Such a review should look at the implementation and its resistance to
+attacks.
+
+Perhaps the verified boot feature could be integrated into the Amstrom
+distribution.
+
+
+.. sectionauthor:: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>, 2-June-14
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/howto.rst b/doc/usage/fit/howto.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c933703
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/howto.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+How to use images in the new image format
+=========================================
+
+Overview
+--------
+
+The new uImage format allows more flexibility in handling images of various
+types (kernel, ramdisk, etc.), it also enhances integrity protection of images
+with sha1 and md5 checksums.
+
+Two auxiliary tools are needed on the development host system in order to
+create an uImage in the new format: mkimage and dtc, although only one
+(mkimage) is invoked directly. dtc is called from within mkimage and operates
+behind the scenes, but needs to be present in the $PATH nevertheless. It is
+important that the dtc used has support for binary includes -- refer to::
+
+ git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/dtc/dtc.git
+
+for its latest version. mkimage (together with dtc) takes as input
+an image source file, which describes the contents of the image and defines
+its various properties used during booting. By convention, image source file
+has the ".its" extension, also, the details of its format are given in
+doc/uImage.FIT/source_file_format.txt. The actual data that is to be included in
+the uImage (kernel, ramdisk, etc.) is specified in the image source file in the
+form of paths to appropriate data files. The outcome of the image creation
+process is a binary file (by convention with the ".itb" extension) that
+contains all the referenced data (kernel, ramdisk, etc.) and other information
+needed by U-Boot to handle the uImage properly. The uImage file is then
+transferred to the target (e.g., via tftp) and booted using the bootm command.
+
+To summarize the prerequisites needed for new uImage creation:
+
+- mkimage
+- dtc (with support for binary includes)
+- image source file (`*.its`)
+- image data file(s)
+
+
+Here's a graphical overview of the image creation and booting process::
+
+ image source file mkimage + dtc transfer to target
+ + ---------------> image file --------------------> bootm
+ image data file(s)
+
+SPL usage
+---------
+
+The SPL can make use of the new image format as well, this traditionally
+is used to ship multiple device tree files within one image. Code in the SPL
+will choose the one matching the current board and append this to the
+U-Boot proper binary to be automatically used up by it.
+Aside from U-Boot proper and one device tree blob the SPL can load multiple,
+arbitrary image files as well. These binaries should be specified in their
+own subnode under the /images node, which should then be referenced from one or
+multiple /configurations subnodes. The required images must be enumerated in
+the "loadables" property as a list of strings.
+
+If a platform specific image source file (.its) is shipped with the U-Boot
+source, it can be specified using the CONFIG_SPL_FIT_SOURCE Kconfig symbol.
+In this case it will be automatically used by U-Boot's Makefile to generate
+the image.
+If a static source file is not flexible enough, CONFIG_SPL_FIT_GENERATOR
+can point to a script which generates this image source file during
+the build process. It gets passed a list of device tree files (taken from the
+CONFIG_OF_LIST symbol).
+
+The SPL also records to a DT all additional images (called loadables) which are
+loaded. The information about loadables locations is passed via the DT node with
+fit-images name.
+
+Finally, if there are multiple xPL phases (e.g. SPL, VPL), images can be marked
+as intended for a particular phase using the 'phase' property. For example, if
+fit_image_load() is called with image_ph(IH_PHASE_SPL, IH_TYPE_FIRMWARE), then
+only the image listed into the "firmware" property where phase is set to "spl"
+will be loaded.
+
+Loadables Example
+-----------------
+Consider the following case for an ARM64 platform where U-Boot runs in EL2
+started by ATF where SPL is loading U-Boot (as loadables) and ATF (as firmware).
+
+::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ / {
+ description = "Configuration to load ATF before U-Boot";
+
+ images {
+ uboot {
+ description = "U-Boot (64-bit)";
+ data = /incbin/("u-boot-nodtb.bin");
+ type = "firmware";
+ os = "u-boot";
+ arch = "arm64";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x8 0x8000000>;
+ entry = <0x8 0x8000000>;
+ hash {
+ algo = "md5";
+ };
+ };
+ atf {
+ description = "ARM Trusted Firmware";
+ data = /incbin/("bl31.bin");
+ type = "firmware";
+ os = "arm-trusted-firmware";
+ arch = "arm64";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0xfffea000>;
+ entry = <0xfffea000>;
+ hash {
+ algo = "md5";
+ };
+ };
+ fdt_1 {
+ description = "zynqmp-zcu102-revA";
+ data = /incbin/("arch/arm/dts/zynqmp-zcu102-revA.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm64";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x100000>;
+ hash {
+ algo = "md5";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ configurations {
+ default = "config_1";
+
+ config_1 {
+ description = "zynqmp-zcu102-revA";
+ firmware = "atf";
+ loadables = "uboot";
+ fdt = "fdt_1";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+In this case the SPL records via fit-images DT node the information about
+loadables U-Boot image::
+
+ ZynqMP> fdt addr $fdtcontroladdr
+ ZynqMP> fdt print /fit-images
+ fit-images {
+ uboot {
+ os = "u-boot";
+ type = "firmware";
+ size = <0x001017c8>;
+ entry = <0x00000008 0x08000000>;
+ load = <0x00000008 0x08000000>;
+ };
+ };
+
+As you can see entry and load properties are 64bit wide to support loading
+images above 4GB (in past entry and load properties where just 32bit).
+
+
+Example 1 -- old-style (non-FDT) kernel booting
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Consider a simple scenario, where a PPC Linux kernel built from sources on the
+development host is to be booted old-style (non-FDT) by U-Boot on an embedded
+target. Assume that the outcome of the build is vmlinux.bin.gz, a file which
+contains a gzip-compressed PPC Linux kernel (the only data file in this case).
+The uImage can be produced using the image source file
+doc/uImage.FIT/kernel.its (note that kernel.its assumes that vmlinux.bin.gz is
+in the current working directory; if desired, an alternative path can be
+specified in the kernel.its file). Here's how to create the image and inspect
+its contents:
+
+[on the host system]::
+
+ $ mkimage -f kernel.its kernel.itb
+ DTC: dts->dtb on file "kernel.its"
+ $
+ $ mkimage -l kernel.itb
+ FIT description: Simple image with single Linux kernel
+ Created: Tue Mar 11 17:26:15 2008
+ Image 0 (kernel)
+ Description: Vanilla Linux kernel
+ Type: Kernel Image
+ Compression: gzip compressed
+ Data Size: 943347 Bytes = 921.24 kB = 0.90 MB
+ Architecture: PowerPC
+ OS: Linux
+ Load Address: 0x00000000
+ Entry Point: 0x00000000
+ Hash algo: crc32
+ Hash value: 2ae2bb40
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: 3c200f34e2c226ddc789240cca0c59fc54a67cf4
+ Default Configuration: 'config-1'
+ Configuration 0 (config-1)
+ Description: Boot Linux kernel
+ Kernel: kernel
+
+
+The resulting image file kernel.itb can be now transferred to the target,
+inspected and booted (note that first three U-Boot commands below are shown
+for completeness -- they are part of the standard booting procedure and not
+specific to the new image format).
+
+[on the target system]::
+
+ => print nfsargs
+ nfsargs=setenv bootargs root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=${serverip}:${rootpath}
+ => print addip
+ addip=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} ip=${ipaddr}:${serverip}:${gatewayip}:${netmask}:${hostname}:${netdev}:off panic=1
+ => run nfsargs addip
+ => tftp 900000 /path/to/tftp/location/kernel.itb
+ Using FEC device
+ TFTP from server 192.168.1.1; our IP address is 192.168.160.5
+ Filename '/path/to/tftp/location/kernel.itb'.
+ Load address: 0x900000
+ Loading: #################################################################
+ done
+ Bytes transferred = 944464 (e6950 hex)
+ => iminfo
+
+ ## Checking Image at 00900000 ...
+ FIT image found
+ FIT description: Simple image with single Linux kernel
+ Created: 2008-03-11 16:26:15 UTC
+ Image 0 (kernel)
+ Description: Vanilla Linux kernel
+ Type: Kernel Image
+ Compression: gzip compressed
+ Data Start: 0x009000e0
+ Data Size: 943347 Bytes = 921.2 kB
+ Architecture: PowerPC
+ OS: Linux
+ Load Address: 0x00000000
+ Entry Point: 0x00000000
+ Hash algo: crc32
+ Hash value: 2ae2bb40
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: 3c200f34e2c226ddc789240cca0c59fc54a67cf4
+ Default Configuration: 'config-1'
+ Configuration 0 (config-1)
+ Description: Boot Linux kernel
+ Kernel: kernel
+
+ => bootm
+ ## Booting kernel from FIT Image at 00900000 ...
+ Using 'config-1' configuration
+ Trying 'kernel' kernel subimage
+ Description: Vanilla Linux kernel
+ Type: Kernel Image
+ Compression: gzip compressed
+ Data Start: 0x009000e0
+ Data Size: 943347 Bytes = 921.2 kB
+ Architecture: PowerPC
+ OS: Linux
+ Load Address: 0x00000000
+ Entry Point: 0x00000000
+ Hash algo: crc32
+ Hash value: 2ae2bb40
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: 3c200f34e2c226ddc789240cca0c59fc54a67cf4
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
+ Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
+ Memory BAT mapping: BAT2=256Mb, BAT3=0Mb, residual: 0Mb
+ Linux version 2.4.25 (m8@hekate) (gcc version 4.0.0 (DENX ELDK 4.0 4.0.0)) #2 czw lip 5 17:56:18 CEST 2007
+ On node 0 totalpages: 65536
+ zone(0): 65536 pages.
+ zone(1): 0 pages.
+ zone(2): 0 pages.
+ Kernel command line: root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.1.1:/opt/eldk-4.1/ppc_6xx ip=192.168.160.5:192.168.1.1::255.255.0.0:lite5200b:eth0:off panic=1
+ Calibrating delay loop... 307.20 BogoMIPS
+
+
+Example 2 -- new-style (FDT) kernel booting
+-------------------------------------------
+
+Consider another simple scenario, where a PPC Linux kernel is to be booted
+new-style, i.e., with a FDT blob. In this case there are two prerequisite data
+files: vmlinux.bin.gz (Linux kernel) and target.dtb (FDT blob). The uImage can
+be produced using image source file doc/uImage.FIT/kernel_fdt.its like this
+(note again, that both prerequisite data files are assumed to be present in
+the current working directory -- image source file kernel_fdt.its can be
+modified to take the files from some other location if needed):
+
+[on the host system]::
+
+ $ mkimage -f kernel_fdt.its kernel_fdt.itb
+ DTC: dts->dtb on file "kernel_fdt.its"
+ $
+ $ mkimage -l kernel_fdt.itb
+ FIT description: Simple image with single Linux kernel and FDT blob
+ Created: Tue Mar 11 16:29:22 2008
+ Image 0 (kernel)
+ Description: Vanilla Linux kernel
+ Type: Kernel Image
+ Compression: gzip compressed
+ Data Size: 1092037 Bytes = 1066.44 kB = 1.04 MB
+ Architecture: PowerPC
+ OS: Linux
+ Load Address: 0x00000000
+ Entry Point: 0x00000000
+ Hash algo: crc32
+ Hash value: 2c0cc807
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: 264b59935470e42c418744f83935d44cdf59a3bb
+ Image 1 (fdt-1)
+ Description: Flattened Device Tree blob
+ Type: Flat Device Tree
+ Compression: uncompressed
+ Data Size: 16384 Bytes = 16.00 kB = 0.02 MB
+ Architecture: PowerPC
+ Hash algo: crc32
+ Hash value: 0d655d71
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: 25ab4e15cd4b8a5144610394560d9c318ce52def
+ Default Configuration: 'conf-1'
+ Configuration 0 (conf-1)
+ Description: Boot Linux kernel with FDT blob
+ Kernel: kernel
+ FDT: fdt-1
+
+
+The resulting image file kernel_fdt.itb can be now transferred to the target,
+inspected and booted:
+
+[on the target system]::
+
+ => tftp 900000 /path/to/tftp/location/kernel_fdt.itb
+ Using FEC device
+ TFTP from server 192.168.1.1; our IP address is 192.168.160.5
+ Filename '/path/to/tftp/location/kernel_fdt.itb'.
+ Load address: 0x900000
+ Loading: #################################################################
+ ###########
+ done
+ Bytes transferred = 1109776 (10ef10 hex)
+ => iminfo
+
+ ## Checking Image at 00900000 ...
+ FIT image found
+ FIT description: Simple image with single Linux kernel and FDT blob
+ Created: 2008-03-11 15:29:22 UTC
+ Image 0 (kernel)
+ Description: Vanilla Linux kernel
+ Type: Kernel Image
+ Compression: gzip compressed
+ Data Start: 0x009000ec
+ Data Size: 1092037 Bytes = 1 MB
+ Architecture: PowerPC
+ OS: Linux
+ Load Address: 0x00000000
+ Entry Point: 0x00000000
+ Hash algo: crc32
+ Hash value: 2c0cc807
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: 264b59935470e42c418744f83935d44cdf59a3bb
+ Image 1 (fdt-1)
+ Description: Flattened Device Tree blob
+ Type: Flat Device Tree
+ Compression: uncompressed
+ Data Start: 0x00a0abdc
+ Data Size: 16384 Bytes = 16 kB
+ Architecture: PowerPC
+ Hash algo: crc32
+ Hash value: 0d655d71
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: 25ab4e15cd4b8a5144610394560d9c318ce52def
+ Default Configuration: 'conf-1'
+ Configuration 0 (conf-1)
+ Description: Boot Linux kernel with FDT blob
+ Kernel: kernel
+ FDT: fdt-1
+ => bootm
+ ## Booting kernel from FIT Image at 00900000 ...
+ Using 'conf-1' configuration
+ Trying 'kernel' kernel subimage
+ Description: Vanilla Linux kernel
+ Type: Kernel Image
+ Compression: gzip compressed
+ Data Start: 0x009000ec
+ Data Size: 1092037 Bytes = 1 MB
+ Architecture: PowerPC
+ OS: Linux
+ Load Address: 0x00000000
+ Entry Point: 0x00000000
+ Hash algo: crc32
+ Hash value: 2c0cc807
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: 264b59935470e42c418744f83935d44cdf59a3bb
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
+ Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
+ ## Flattened Device Tree from FIT Image at 00900000
+ Using 'conf-1' configuration
+ Trying 'fdt-1' FDT blob subimage
+ Description: Flattened Device Tree blob
+ Type: Flat Device Tree
+ Compression: uncompressed
+ Data Start: 0x00a0abdc
+ Data Size: 16384 Bytes = 16 kB
+ Architecture: PowerPC
+ Hash algo: crc32
+ Hash value: 0d655d71
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: 25ab4e15cd4b8a5144610394560d9c318ce52def
+ Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
+ Booting using the fdt blob at 0xa0abdc
+ Loading Device Tree to 007fc000, end 007fffff ... OK
+ [ 0.000000] Using lite5200 machine description
+ [ 0.000000] Linux version 2.6.24-rc6-gaebecdfc (m8@hekate) (gcc version 4.0.0 (DENX ELDK 4.1 4.0.0)) #1 Sat Jan 12 15:38:48 CET 2008
+
+
+Example 3 -- advanced booting
+-----------------------------
+
+Refer to :doc:`multi` for an image source file that allows more
+sophisticated booting scenarios (multiple kernels, ramdisks and fdt blobs).
+
+.. sectionauthor:: Bartlomiej Sieka <tur@semihalf.com>
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit.rst b/doc/usage/fit/index.rst
index 7037434..bd25bd3 100644
--- a/doc/usage/fit.rst
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/index.rst
@@ -6,3 +6,14 @@ Flat Image Tree (FIT)
U-Boot uses Flat Image Tree (FIT) as a standard file format for packaging
images that it it reads and boots. Documentation about FIT is available at
doc/uImage.FIT
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ source_file_format
+ howto
+ x86-fit-boot
+ signature
+ verified-boot
+ beaglebone_vboot
+ overlay-fdt-boot
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/kernel.rst b/doc/usage/fit/kernel.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..012a81e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/kernel.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+Single kernel
+=============
+
+::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ / {
+ description = "Simple image with single Linux kernel";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+
+ images {
+ kernel {
+ description = "Vanilla Linux kernel";
+ data = /incbin/("./vmlinux.bin.gz");
+ type = "kernel";
+ arch = "ppc";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "gzip";
+ load = <00000000>;
+ entry = <00000000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "crc32";
+ };
+ hash-2 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+ configurations {
+ default = "config-1";
+ config-1 {
+ description = "Boot Linux kernel";
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+
+For x86 a setup node is also required: see x86-fit-boot::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ / {
+ description = "Simple image with single Linux kernel on x86";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+
+ images {
+ kernel {
+ description = "Vanilla Linux kernel";
+ data = /incbin/("./image.bin.lzo");
+ type = "kernel";
+ arch = "x86";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "lzo";
+ load = <0x01000000>;
+ entry = <0x00000000>;
+ hash-2 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+
+ setup {
+ description = "Linux setup.bin";
+ data = /incbin/("./setup.bin");
+ type = "x86_setup";
+ arch = "x86";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x00090000>;
+ entry = <0x00090000>;
+ hash-2 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+ configurations {
+ default = "config-1";
+ config-1 {
+ description = "Boot Linux kernel";
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ setup = "setup";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+Note: the above assumes a 32-bit kernel. To directly boot a 64-bit kernel,
+change both arch values to "x86_64". U-Boot will then change to 64-bit mode
+before booting the kernel (see boot_linux_kernel()).
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/kernel_fdt.rst b/doc/usage/fit/kernel_fdt.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8eee13a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/kernel_fdt.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+Single kernel and FDT blob
+==========================
+
+::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ / {
+ description = "Simple image with single Linux kernel and FDT blob";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+
+ images {
+ kernel {
+ description = "Vanilla Linux kernel";
+ data = /incbin/("./vmlinux.bin.gz");
+ type = "kernel";
+ arch = "ppc";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "gzip";
+ load = <00000000>;
+ entry = <00000000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "crc32";
+ };
+ hash-2 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+ fdt-1 {
+ description = "Flattened Device Tree blob";
+ data = /incbin/("./target.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "ppc";
+ compression = "none";
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "crc32";
+ };
+ hash-2 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+ configurations {
+ default = "conf-1";
+ conf-1 {
+ description = "Boot Linux kernel with FDT blob";
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1";
+ };
+ };
+ };
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/kernel_fdts_compressed.rst b/doc/usage/fit/kernel_fdts_compressed.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b169c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/kernel_fdts_compressed.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+Kernel and multiple compressed FDT blobs
+========================================
+
+Since the FDTs are compressed, configurations must provide a compatible
+string to match directly.
+
+::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ / {
+ description = "Image with single Linux kernel and compressed FDT blobs";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+
+ images {
+ kernel {
+ description = "Vanilla Linux kernel";
+ data = /incbin/("./vmlinux.bin.gz");
+ type = "kernel";
+ arch = "ppc";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "gzip";
+ load = <00000000>;
+ entry = <00000000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "crc32";
+ };
+ hash-2 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+ fdt@1 {
+ description = "Flattened Device Tree blob 1";
+ data = /incbin/("./myboard-var1.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "ppc";
+ compression = "gzip";
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "crc32";
+ };
+ hash-2 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+ fdt@2 {
+ description = "Flattened Device Tree blob 2";
+ data = /incbin/("./myboard-var2.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "ppc";
+ compression = "lzma";
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "crc32";
+ };
+ hash-2 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+ configurations {
+ default = "conf@1";
+ conf@1 {
+ description = "Boot Linux kernel with FDT blob 1";
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt@1";
+ compatible = "myvendor,myboard-variant1";
+ };
+ conf@2 {
+ description = "Boot Linux kernel with FDT blob 2";
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt@2";
+ compatible = "myvendor,myboard-variant2";
+ };
+ };
+ };
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/multi-with-fpga.rst b/doc/usage/fit/multi-with-fpga.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28d7d5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/multi-with-fpga.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+Multiple kernels, ramdisks and FDT blobs with FPGA
+==================================================
+
+This example makes use of the 'loadables' field::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ / {
+ description = "Configuration to load fpga before Kernel";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+
+ images {
+ fdt-1 {
+ description = "zc706";
+ data = /incbin/("/tftpboot/devicetree.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x10000000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "md5";
+ };
+ };
+
+ fpga {
+ description = "FPGA";
+ data = /incbin/("/tftpboot/download.bit");
+ type = "fpga";
+ arch = "arm";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x30000000>;
+ compatible = "u-boot,fpga-legacy"
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "md5";
+ };
+ };
+
+ linux_kernel {
+ description = "Linux";
+ data = /incbin/("/tftpboot/zImage");
+ type = "kernel";
+ arch = "arm";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x8000>;
+ entry = <0x8000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "md5";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+ configurations {
+ default = "config-2";
+ config-1 {
+ description = "Linux";
+ kernel = "linux_kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1";
+ };
+
+ config-2 {
+ description = "Linux with fpga";
+ kernel = "linux_kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1";
+ loadables = "fpga";
+ };
+ };
+ };
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/multi-with-loadables.rst b/doc/usage/fit/multi-with-loadables.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0241df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/multi-with-loadables.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+Multiple kernels, ramdisks and FDT blobs with Xen
+=================================================
+
+This example makes use of the 'loadables' field::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ / {
+ description = "Configuration to load a Xen Kernel";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+
+ images {
+ xen_kernel {
+ description = "xen binary";
+ data = /incbin/("./xen");
+ type = "kernel";
+ arch = "arm";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0xa0000000>;
+ entry = <0xa0000000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "md5";
+ };
+ };
+
+ fdt-1 {
+ description = "xexpress-ca15 tree blob";
+ data = /incbin/("./vexpress-v2p-ca15-tc1.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0xb0000000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "md5";
+ };
+ };
+
+ fdt-2 {
+ description = "xexpress-ca15 tree blob";
+ data = /incbin/("./vexpress-v2p-ca15-tc1.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0xb0400000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "md5";
+ };
+ };
+
+ linux_kernel {
+ description = "Linux Image";
+ data = /incbin/("./Image");
+ type = "kernel";
+ arch = "arm";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0xa0000000>;
+ entry = <0xa0000000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "md5";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+ configurations {
+ default = "config-2";
+
+ config-1 {
+ description = "Just plain Linux";
+ kernel = "linux_kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1";
+ };
+
+ config-2 {
+ description = "Xen one loadable";
+ kernel = "xen_kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1";
+ loadables = "linux_kernel";
+ };
+
+ config-3 {
+ description = "Xen two loadables";
+ kernel = "xen_kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1";
+ loadables = "linux_kernel", "fdt-2";
+ };
+ };
+ };
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/multi.rst b/doc/usage/fit/multi.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e6ae58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/multi.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+Multiple kernels, ramdisks and FDT blobs
+========================================
+
+::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ / {
+ description = "Various kernels, ramdisks and FDT blobs";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+
+ images {
+ kernel-1 {
+ description = "vanilla-2.6.23";
+ data = /incbin/("./vmlinux.bin.gz");
+ type = "kernel";
+ arch = "ppc";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "gzip";
+ load = <00000000>;
+ entry = <00000000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "md5";
+ };
+ hash-2 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+
+ kernel-2 {
+ description = "2.6.23-denx";
+ data = /incbin/("./2.6.23-denx.bin.gz");
+ type = "kernel";
+ arch = "ppc";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "gzip";
+ load = <00000000>;
+ entry = <00000000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+
+ kernel-3 {
+ description = "2.4.25-denx";
+ data = /incbin/("./2.4.25-denx.bin.gz");
+ type = "kernel";
+ arch = "ppc";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "gzip";
+ load = <00000000>;
+ entry = <00000000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "md5";
+ };
+ };
+
+ ramdisk-1 {
+ description = "eldk-4.2-ramdisk";
+ data = /incbin/("./eldk-4.2-ramdisk");
+ type = "ramdisk";
+ arch = "ppc";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "gzip";
+ load = <00000000>;
+ entry = <00000000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+
+ ramdisk-2 {
+ description = "eldk-3.1-ramdisk";
+ data = /incbin/("./eldk-3.1-ramdisk");
+ type = "ramdisk";
+ arch = "ppc";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "gzip";
+ load = <00000000>;
+ entry = <00000000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "crc32";
+ };
+ };
+
+ fdt-1 {
+ description = "tqm5200-fdt";
+ data = /incbin/("./tqm5200.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "ppc";
+ compression = "none";
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "crc32";
+ };
+ };
+
+ fdt-2 {
+ description = "tqm5200s-fdt";
+ data = /incbin/("./tqm5200s.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "ppc";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <00700000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+
+ };
+
+ configurations {
+ default = "config-1";
+
+ config-1 {
+ description = "tqm5200 vanilla-2.6.23 configuration";
+ kernel = "kernel-1";
+ ramdisk = "ramdisk-1";
+ fdt = "fdt-1";
+ };
+
+ config-2 {
+ description = "tqm5200s denx-2.6.23 configuration";
+ kernel = "kernel-2";
+ ramdisk = "ramdisk-1";
+ fdt = "fdt-2";
+ };
+
+ config-3 {
+ description = "tqm5200s denx-2.4.25 configuration";
+ kernel = "kernel-3";
+ ramdisk = "ramdisk-2";
+ };
+ };
+ };
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/multi_spl.rst b/doc/usage/fit/multi_spl.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74b6f86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/multi_spl.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+Multiple images for SPL
+=======================
+
+(Bogus) example FIT image description file demonstrating the usage
+of multiple images loaded by the SPL.
+Several binaries will be loaded at their respective load addresses.
+
+For booting U-Boot, "firmware" is searched first. If not found, "loadables"
+is used to identify images to be loaded into memory. If falcon boot is
+enabled, "kernel" is searched first. If not found, it falls back to the
+same flow as booting U-Boot. Changing image type will result skipping
+specific image.
+
+Finally the one image specifying an entry point will be entered by the SPL.
+
+::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ / {
+ description = "multiple firmware blobs and U-Boot, loaded by SPL";
+ #address-cells = <0x1>;
+
+ images {
+
+ uboot {
+ description = "U-Boot (64-bit)";
+ type = "standalone";
+ arch = "arm64";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x4a000000>;
+ };
+
+ atf {
+ description = "ARM Trusted Firmware";
+ type = "firmware";
+ arch = "arm64";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x18000>;
+ entry = <0x18000>;
+ };
+
+ mgmt-firmware {
+ description = "arisc management processor firmware";
+ type = "firmware";
+ arch = "or1k";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x40000>;
+ };
+
+ fdt-1 {
+ description = "Pine64+ DT";
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x4fa00000>;
+ arch = "arm64";
+ };
+
+ fdt-2 {
+ description = "Pine64 DT";
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x4fa00000>;
+ arch = "arm64";
+ };
+
+ kernel {
+ description = "4.7-rc5 kernel";
+ type = "kernel";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x40080000>;
+ arch = "arm64";
+ };
+
+ initrd {
+ description = "Debian installer initrd";
+ type = "ramdisk";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x4fe00000>;
+ arch = "arm64";
+ };
+ };
+
+ configurations {
+ default = "config-1";
+
+ config-1 {
+ description = "sun50i-a64-pine64-plus";
+ loadables = "uboot", "atf", "kernel", "initrd";
+ fdt = "fdt-1";
+ };
+
+ config-2 {
+ description = "sun50i-a64-pine64";
+ loadables = "uboot", "atf", "mgmt-firmware";
+ fdt = "fdt-2";
+ };
+ };
+ };
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/overlay-fdt-boot.rst b/doc/usage/fit/overlay-fdt-boot.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7db1a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/overlay-fdt-boot.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+U-Boot FDT Overlay FIT usage
+============================
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+In many cases it is desirable to have a single FIT image support a multitude
+of similar boards and their expansion options. The same kernel on DT enabled
+platforms can support this easily enough by providing a DT blob upon boot
+that matches the desired configuration.
+
+This document focuses on specifically using overlays as part of a FIT image.
+General information regarding overlays including its syntax and building it
+can be found in doc/README.fdt-overlays
+
+Configuration without overlays
+------------------------------
+
+Take a hypothetical board named 'foo' where there are different supported
+revisions, reva and revb. Assume that both board revisions can use add a bar
+add-on board, while only the revb board can use a baz add-on board.
+
+Without using overlays the configuration would be as follows for every case::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+ / {
+ images {
+ kernel {
+ data = /incbin/("./zImage");
+ type = "kernel";
+ arch = "arm";
+ os = "linux";
+ load = <0x82000000>;
+ entry = <0x82000000>;
+ };
+ fdt-1 {
+ data = /incbin/("./foo-reva.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ };
+ fdt-2 {
+ data = /incbin/("./foo-revb.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ };
+ fdt-3 {
+ data = /incbin/("./foo-reva-bar.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ };
+ fdt-4 {
+ data = /incbin/("./foo-revb-bar.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ };
+ fdt-5 {
+ data = /incbin/("./foo-revb-baz.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ };
+ fdt-6 {
+ data = /incbin/("./foo-revb-bar-baz.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ };
+ };
+
+ configurations {
+ default = "foo-reva.dtb;
+ foo-reva.dtb {
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1";
+ };
+ foo-revb.dtb {
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-2";
+ };
+ foo-reva-bar.dtb {
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-3";
+ };
+ foo-revb-bar.dtb {
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-4";
+ };
+ foo-revb-baz.dtb {
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-5";
+ };
+ foo-revb-bar-baz.dtb {
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-6";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+Note the blob needs to be compiled for each case and the combinatorial explosion of
+configurations. A typical device tree blob is in the low hunderds of kbytes so a
+multitude of configuration grows the image quite a bit.
+
+Booting this image is done by using::
+
+ # bootm <addr>#<config>
+
+Where config is one of::
+
+ foo-reva.dtb, foo-revb.dtb, foo-reva-bar.dtb, foo-revb-bar.dtb,
+ foo-revb-baz.dtb, foo-revb-bar-baz.dtb
+
+This selects the DTB to use when booting.
+
+Configuration using overlays
+----------------------------
+
+Device tree overlays can be applied to a base DT and result in the same blob
+being passed to the booting kernel. This saves on space and avoid the combinatorial
+explosion problem::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+ / {
+ images {
+ kernel {
+ data = /incbin/("./zImage");
+ type = "kernel";
+ arch = "arm";
+ os = "linux";
+ load = <0x82000000>;
+ entry = <0x82000000>;
+ };
+ fdt-1 {
+ data = /incbin/("./foo.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ load = <0x87f00000>;
+ };
+ fdt-2 {
+ data = /incbin/("./reva.dtbo");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ load = <0x87fc0000>;
+ };
+ fdt-3 {
+ data = /incbin/("./revb.dtbo");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ load = <0x87fc0000>;
+ };
+ fdt-4 {
+ data = /incbin/("./bar.dtbo");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ load = <0x87fc0000>;
+ };
+ fdt-5 {
+ data = /incbin/("./baz.dtbo");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ load = <0x87fc0000>;
+ };
+ };
+
+ configurations {
+ default = "foo-reva.dtb;
+ foo-reva.dtb {
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1", "fdt-2";
+ };
+ foo-revb.dtb {
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1", "fdt-3";
+ };
+ foo-reva-bar.dtb {
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1", "fdt-2", "fdt-4";
+ };
+ foo-revb-bar.dtb {
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1", "fdt-3", "fdt-4";
+ };
+ foo-revb-baz.dtb {
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1", "fdt-3", "fdt-5";
+ };
+ foo-revb-bar-baz.dtb {
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1", "fdt-3", "fdt-4", "fdt-5";
+ };
+ bar {
+ fdt = "fdt-4";
+ };
+ baz {
+ fdt = "fdt-5";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+Booting this image is exactly the same as the non-overlay example.
+u-boot will retrieve the base blob and apply the overlays in sequence as
+they are declared in the configuration.
+
+Note the minimum amount of different DT blobs, as well as the requirement for
+the DT blobs to have a load address; the overlay application requires the blobs
+to be writeable.
+
+Configuration using overlays and feature selection
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+Although the configuration in the previous section works is a bit inflexible
+since it requires all possible configuration options to be laid out before
+hand in the FIT image. For the add-on boards the extra config selection method
+might make sense.
+
+Note the two bar & baz configuration nodes. To boot a reva board with
+the bar add-on board enabled simply use::
+
+ => bootm <addr>#foo-reva.dtb#bar
+
+While booting a revb with bar and baz is as follows::
+
+ => bootm <addr>#foo-revb.dtb#bar#baz
+
+The limitation for a feature selection configuration node is that a single
+fdt option is currently supported.
+
+.. sectionauthor:: Pantelis Antoniou <pantelis.antoniou@konsulko.com>, 12/6/2017
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/sec_firmware_ppa.rst b/doc/usage/fit/sec_firmware_ppa.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cb292c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/sec_firmware_ppa.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+SEC Firmware and multiple loadable images
+=========================================
+
+Example FIT image description file demonstrating the usage
+of SEC Firmware and multiple loadable images loaded by U-Boot.
+For booting PPA (SEC Firmware), "firmware" is searched and loaded.
+
+Multiple binaries will be loaded as "loadables" (if present) at their
+respective load offsets from firmware image address.
+
+::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ /{
+ description = "PPA Firmware";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+ images {
+ firmware@1 {
+ description = "PPA Firmware: <version>";
+ data = /incbin/("../obj/monitor.bin");
+ type = "firmware";
+ arch = "arm64";
+ compression = "none";
+ };
+ trustedOS@1 {
+ description = "Trusted OS";
+ data = /incbin/("../../tee.bin");
+ type = "OS";
+ arch = "arm64";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x00200000>;
+ };
+ fuse_scr {
+ description = "Fuse Script";
+ data = /incbin/("../../fuse_scr.bin");
+ type = "firmware";
+ arch = "arm64";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x00180000>;
+ };
+ };
+
+ configurations {
+ default = "config-1";
+ config-1 {
+ description = "PPA Secure firmware";
+ firmware = "firmware@1";
+ loadables = "trustedOS@1", "fuse_scr";
+ };
+ };
+ };
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/sign-configs.rst b/doc/usage/fit/sign-configs.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a3df8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/sign-configs.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+Signed configurations
+=====================
+
+::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ / {
+ description = "Chrome OS kernel image with one or more FDT blobs";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+
+ images {
+ kernel {
+ data = /incbin/("test-kernel.bin");
+ type = "kernel_noload";
+ arch = "sandbox";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "lzo";
+ load = <0x4>;
+ entry = <0x8>;
+ kernel-version = <1>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+ fdt-1 {
+ description = "snow";
+ data = /incbin/("sandbox-kernel.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "sandbox";
+ compression = "none";
+ fdt-version = <1>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ configurations {
+ default = "conf-1";
+ conf-1 {
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1";
+ signature {
+ algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
+ key-name-hint = "dev";
+ sign-images = "fdt", "kernel";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ };
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/sign-images.rst b/doc/usage/fit/sign-images.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d54d70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/sign-images.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+Signed Images
+=============
+
+::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ / {
+ description = "Chrome OS kernel image with one or more FDT blobs";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+
+ images {
+ kernel {
+ data = /incbin/("test-kernel.bin");
+ type = "kernel_noload";
+ arch = "sandbox";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x4>;
+ entry = <0x8>;
+ kernel-version = <1>;
+ signature {
+ algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
+ key-name-hint = "dev";
+ };
+ };
+ fdt-1 {
+ description = "snow";
+ data = /incbin/("sandbox-kernel.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "sandbox";
+ compression = "none";
+ fdt-version = <1>;
+ signature {
+ algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
+ key-name-hint = "dev";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ configurations {
+ default = "conf-1";
+ conf-1 {
+ kernel = "kernel";
+ fdt = "fdt-1";
+ };
+ };
+ };
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/signature.rst b/doc/usage/fit/signature.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0804bff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/signature.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,696 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+U-Boot FIT Signature Verification
+=================================
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+FIT supports hashing of images so that these hashes can be checked on
+loading. This protects against corruption of the image. However it does not
+prevent the substitution of one image for another.
+
+The signature feature allows the hash to be signed with a private key such
+that it can be verified using a public key later. Provided that the private
+key is kept secret and the public key is stored in a non-volatile place,
+any image can be verified in this way.
+
+See verified-boot.txt for more general information on verified boot.
+
+
+Concepts
+--------
+
+Some familiarity with public key cryptography is assumed in this section.
+
+The procedure for signing is as follows:
+
+ - hash an image in the FIT
+ - sign the hash with a private key to produce a signature
+ - store the resulting signature in the FIT
+
+The procedure for verification is:
+
+ - read the FIT
+ - obtain the public key
+ - extract the signature from the FIT
+ - hash the image from the FIT
+ - verify (with the public key) that the extracted signature matches the
+ hash
+
+The signing is generally performed by mkimage, as part of making a firmware
+image for the device. The verification is normally done in U-Boot on the
+device.
+
+
+Algorithms
+----------
+In principle any suitable algorithm can be used to sign and verify a hash.
+U-Boot supports a few hashing and verification algorithms. See below for
+details.
+
+While it is acceptable to bring in large cryptographic libraries such as
+openssl on the host side (e.g. mkimage), it is not desirable for U-Boot.
+For the run-time verification side, it is important to keep code and data
+size as small as possible.
+
+For this reason the RSA image verification uses pre-processed public keys
+which can be used with a very small amount of code - just some extraction
+of data from the FDT and exponentiation mod n. Code size impact is a little
+under 5KB on Tegra Seaboard, for example.
+
+It is relatively straightforward to add new algorithms if required. If
+another RSA variant is needed, then it can be added with the
+U_BOOT_CRYPTO_ALGO() macro. If another algorithm is needed (such as DSA) then
+it can be placed in a directory alongside lib/rsa/, and its functions added
+using U_BOOT_CRYPTO_ALGO().
+
+
+Creating an RSA key pair and certificate
+----------------------------------------
+To create a new public/private key pair, size 2048 bits::
+
+ $ openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out keys/dev.key \
+ -pkeyopt rsa_keygen_bits:2048 -pkeyopt rsa_keygen_pubexp:65537
+
+To create a certificate for this containing the public key::
+
+ $ openssl req -batch -new -x509 -key keys/dev.key -out keys/dev.crt
+
+If you like you can look at the public key also::
+
+ $ openssl rsa -in keys/dev.key -pubout
+
+
+Public Key Storage
+------------------
+In order to verify an image that has been signed with a public key we need to
+have a trusted public key. This cannot be stored in the signed image, since
+it would be easy to alter. For this implementation we choose to store the
+public key in U-Boot's control FDT (using CONFIG_OF_CONTROL).
+
+Public keys should be stored as sub-nodes in a /signature node. Required
+properties are:
+
+algo
+ Algorithm name (e.g. "sha1,rsa2048" or "sha256,ecdsa256")
+
+Optional properties are:
+
+key-name-hint
+ Name of key used for signing. This is only a hint since it
+ is possible for the name to be changed. Verification can proceed by checking
+ all available signing keys until one matches.
+
+required
+ If present this indicates that the key must be verified for the
+ image / configuration to be considered valid. Only required keys are
+ normally verified by the FIT image booting algorithm. Valid values are
+ "image" to force verification of all images, and "conf" to force verification
+ of the selected configuration (which then relies on hashes in the images to
+ verify those).
+
+Each signing algorithm has its own additional properties.
+
+For RSA the following are mandatory:
+
+rsa,num-bits
+ Number of key bits (e.g. 2048)
+
+rsa,modulus
+ Modulus (N) as a big-endian multi-word integer
+
+rsa,exponent
+ Public exponent (E) as a 64 bit unsigned integer
+
+rsa,r-squared
+ (2^num-bits)^2 as a big-endian multi-word integer
+
+rsa,n0-inverse
+ -1 / modulus[0] mod 2^32
+
+For ECDSA the following are mandatory:
+
+ecdsa,curve
+ Name of ECDSA curve (e.g. "prime256v1")
+
+ecdsa,x-point
+ Public key X coordinate as a big-endian multi-word integer
+
+ecdsa,y-point
+ Public key Y coordinate as a big-endian multi-word integer
+
+These parameters can be added to a binary device tree using parameter -K of the
+mkimage command::
+
+ tools/mkimage -f fit.its -K control.dtb -k keys -r image.fit
+
+Here is an example of a generated device tree node::
+
+ signature {
+ key-dev {
+ required = "conf";
+ algo = "sha256,rsa2048";
+ rsa,r-squared = <0xb76d1acf 0xa1763ca5 0xeb2f126
+ 0x742edc80 0xd3f42177 0x9741d9d9
+ 0x35bb476e 0xff41c718 0xd3801430
+ 0xf22537cb 0xa7e79960 0xae32a043
+ 0x7da1427a 0x341d6492 0x3c2762f5
+ 0xaac04726 0x5b262d96 0xf984e86d
+ 0xb99443c7 0x17080c33 0x940f6892
+ 0xd57a95d1 0x6ea7b691 0xc5038fa8
+ 0x6bb48a6e 0x73f1b1ea 0x37160841
+ 0xe05715ce 0xa7c45bbd 0x690d82d5
+ 0x99c2454c 0x6ff117b3 0xd830683b
+ 0x3f81c9cf 0x1ca38a91 0x0c3392e4
+ 0xd817c625 0x7b8e9a24 0x175b89ea
+ 0xad79f3dc 0x4d50d7b4 0x9d4e90f8
+ 0xad9e2939 0xc165d6a4 0x0ada7e1b
+ 0xfb1bf495 0xfc3131c2 0xb8c6e604
+ 0xc2761124 0xf63de4a6 0x0e9565f9
+ 0xc8e53761 0x7e7a37a5 0xe99dcdae
+ 0x9aff7e1e 0xbd44b13d 0x6b0e6aa4
+ 0x038907e4 0x8e0d6850 0xef51bc20
+ 0xf73c94af 0x88bea7b1 0xcbbb1b30
+ 0xd024b7f3>;
+ rsa,modulus = <0xc0711d6cb 0x9e86db7f 0x45986dbe
+ 0x023f1e8c9 0xe1a4c4d0 0x8a0dfdc9
+ 0x023ba0c48 0x06815f6a 0x5caa0654
+ 0x07078c4b7 0x3d154853 0x40729023
+ 0x0b007c8fe 0x5a3647e5 0x23b41e20
+ 0x024720591 0x66915305 0x0e0b29b0
+ 0x0de2ad30d 0x8589430f 0xb1590325
+ 0x0fb9f5d5e 0x9eba752a 0xd88e6de9
+ 0x056b3dcc6 0x9a6b8e61 0x6784f61f
+ 0x000f39c21 0x5eec6b33 0xd78e4f78
+ 0x0921a305f 0xaa2cc27e 0x1ca917af
+ 0x06e1134f4 0xd48cac77 0x4e914d07
+ 0x0f707aa5a 0x0d141f41 0x84677f1d
+ 0x0ad47a049 0x028aedb6 0xd5536fcf
+ 0x03fef1e4f 0x133a03d2 0xfd7a750a
+ 0x0f9159732 0xd207812e 0x6a807375
+ 0x06434230d 0xc8e22dad 0x9f29b3d6
+ 0x07c44ac2b 0xfa2aad88 0xe2429504
+ 0x041febd41 0x85d0d142 0x7b194d65
+ 0x06e5d55ea 0x41116961 0xf3181dde
+ 0x068bf5fbc 0x3dd82047 0x00ee647e
+ 0x0d7a44ab3>;
+ rsa,exponent = <0x00 0x10001>;
+ rsa,n0-inverse = <0xb3928b85>;
+ rsa,num-bits = <0x800>;
+ key-name-hint = "dev";
+ };
+ };
+
+
+Signed Configurations
+---------------------
+While signing images is useful, it does not provide complete protection
+against several types of attack. For example, it is possible to create a
+FIT with the same signed images, but with the configuration changed such
+that a different one is selected (mix and match attack). It is also possible
+to substitute a signed image from an older FIT version into a newer FIT
+(roll-back attack).
+
+As an example, consider this FIT::
+
+ / {
+ images {
+ kernel-1 {
+ data = <data for kernel1>
+ signature-1 {
+ algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
+ value = <...kernel signature 1...>
+ };
+ };
+ kernel-2 {
+ data = <data for kernel2>
+ signature-1 {
+ algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
+ value = <...kernel signature 2...>
+ };
+ };
+ fdt-1 {
+ data = <data for fdt1>;
+ signature-1 {
+ algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
+ value = <...fdt signature 1...>
+ };
+ };
+ fdt-2 {
+ data = <data for fdt2>;
+ signature-1 {
+ algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
+ value = <...fdt signature 2...>
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ configurations {
+ default = "conf-1";
+ conf-1 {
+ kernel = "kernel-1";
+ fdt = "fdt-1";
+ };
+ conf-2 {
+ kernel = "kernel-2";
+ fdt = "fdt-2";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+Since both kernels are signed it is easy for an attacker to add a new
+configuration 3 with kernel 1 and fdt 2::
+
+ configurations {
+ default = "conf-1";
+ conf-1 {
+ kernel = "kernel-1";
+ fdt = "fdt-1";
+ };
+ conf-2 {
+ kernel = "kernel-2";
+ fdt = "fdt-2";
+ };
+ conf-3 {
+ kernel = "kernel-1";
+ fdt = "fdt-2";
+ };
+ };
+
+With signed images, nothing protects against this. Whether it gains an
+advantage for the attacker is debatable, but it is not secure.
+
+To solve this problem, we support signed configurations. In this case it
+is the configurations that are signed, not the image. Each image has its
+own hash, and we include the hash in the configuration signature.
+
+So the above example is adjusted to look like this::
+
+ / {
+ images {
+ kernel-1 {
+ data = <data for kernel1>
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ value = <...kernel hash 1...>
+ };
+ };
+ kernel-2 {
+ data = <data for kernel2>
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ value = <...kernel hash 2...>
+ };
+ };
+ fdt-1 {
+ data = <data for fdt1>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ value = <...fdt hash 1...>
+ };
+ };
+ fdt-2 {
+ data = <data for fdt2>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ value = <...fdt hash 2...>
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ configurations {
+ default = "conf-1";
+ conf-1 {
+ kernel = "kernel-1";
+ fdt = "fdt-1";
+ signature-1 {
+ algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
+ value = <...conf 1 signature...>;
+ };
+ };
+ conf-2 {
+ kernel = "kernel-2";
+ fdt = "fdt-2";
+ signature-1 {
+ algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
+ value = <...conf 1 signature...>;
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+
+You can see that we have added hashes for all images (since they are no
+longer signed), and a signature to each configuration. In the above example,
+mkimage will sign configurations/conf-1, the kernel and fdt that are
+pointed to by the configuration (/images/kernel-1, /images/kernel-1/hash-1,
+/images/fdt-1, /images/fdt-1/hash-1) and the root structure of the image
+(so that it isn't possible to add or remove root nodes). The signature is
+written into /configurations/conf-1/signature-1/value. It can easily be
+verified later even if the FIT has been signed with other keys in the
+meantime.
+
+
+Details
+-------
+The signature node contains a property ('hashed-nodes') which lists all the
+nodes that the signature was made over. The image is walked in order and each
+tag processed as follows:
+
+DTB_BEGIN_NODE
+ The tag and the following name are included in the signature
+ if the node or its parent are present in 'hashed-nodes'
+
+DTB_END_NODE
+ The tag is included in the signature if the node or its parent
+ are present in 'hashed-nodes'
+
+DTB_PROPERTY
+ The tag, the length word, the offset in the string table, and
+ the data are all included if the current node is present in 'hashed-nodes'
+ and the property name is not 'data'.
+
+DTB_END
+ The tag is always included in the signature.
+
+DTB_NOP
+ The tag is included in the signature if the current node is present
+ in 'hashed-nodes'
+
+In addition, the signature contains a property 'hashed-strings' which contains
+the offset and length in the string table of the strings that are to be
+included in the signature (this is done last).
+
+IMPORTANT: To verify the signature outside u-boot, it is vital to not only
+calculate the hash of the image and verify the signature with that, but also to
+calculate the hashes of the kernel, fdt, and ramdisk images and check those
+match the hash values in the corresponding 'hash*' subnodes.
+
+
+Verification
+------------
+FITs are verified when loaded. After the configuration is selected a list
+of required images is produced. If there are 'required' public keys, then
+each image must be verified against those keys. This means that every image
+that might be used by the target needs to be signed with 'required' keys.
+
+This happens automatically as part of a bootm command when FITs are used.
+
+For Signed Configurations, the default verification behavior can be changed by
+the following optional property in /signature node in U-Boot's control FDT.
+
+required-mode
+ Valid values are "any" to allow verified boot to succeed if
+ the selected configuration is signed by any of the 'required' keys, and "all"
+ to allow verified boot to succeed if the selected configuration is signed by
+ all of the 'required' keys.
+
+This property can be added to a binary device tree using fdtput as shown in
+below examples::
+
+ fdtput -t s control.dtb /signature required-mode any
+ fdtput -t s control.dtb /signature required-mode all
+
+
+Enabling FIT Verification
+-------------------------
+In addition to the options to enable FIT itself, the following CONFIGs must
+be enabled:
+
+CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE
+ enable signing and verification in FITs
+
+CONFIG_RSA
+ enable RSA algorithm for signing
+
+CONFIG_ECDSA
+ enable ECDSA algorithm for signing
+
+WARNING: When relying on signed FIT images with required signature check
+the legacy image format is default disabled by not defining
+CONFIG_LEGACY_IMAGE_FORMAT
+
+
+Testing
+-------
+
+An easy way to test signing and verification is to use the test script
+provided in test/vboot/vboot_test.sh. This uses sandbox (a special version
+of U-Boot which runs under Linux) to show the operation of a 'bootm'
+command loading and verifying images.
+
+A sample run is show below::
+
+ $ make O=sandbox sandbox_config
+ $ make O=sandbox
+ $ O=sandbox ./test/vboot/vboot_test.sh
+
+
+Simple Verified Boot Test
+-------------------------
+
+Please see :doc:`verified-boot` for more information::
+
+ /home/hs/ids/u-boot/sandbox/tools/mkimage -D -I dts -O dtb -p 2000
+ Build keys
+ do sha1 test
+ Build FIT with signed images
+ Test Verified Boot Run: unsigned signatures:: OK
+ Sign images
+ Test Verified Boot Run: signed images: OK
+ Build FIT with signed configuration
+ Test Verified Boot Run: unsigned config: OK
+ Sign images
+ Test Verified Boot Run: signed config: OK
+ check signed config on the host
+ Signature check OK
+ OK
+ Test Verified Boot Run: signed config: OK
+ Test Verified Boot Run: signed config with bad hash: OK
+ do sha256 test
+ Build FIT with signed images
+ Test Verified Boot Run: unsigned signatures:: OK
+ Sign images
+ Test Verified Boot Run: signed images: OK
+ Build FIT with signed configuration
+ Test Verified Boot Run: unsigned config: OK
+ Sign images
+ Test Verified Boot Run: signed config: OK
+ check signed config on the host
+ Signature check OK
+ OK
+ Test Verified Boot Run: signed config: OK
+ Test Verified Boot Run: signed config with bad hash: OK
+
+ Test passed
+
+
+Software signing: keydir vs keyfile
+-----------------------------------
+
+In the simplest case, signing is done by giving mkimage the 'keyfile'. This is
+the path to a file containing the signing key.
+
+The alternative is to pass the 'keydir' argument. In this case the filename of
+the key is derived from the 'keydir' and the "key-name-hint" property in the
+FIT. In this case the "key-name-hint" property is mandatory, and the key must
+exist in "<keydir>/<key-name-hint>.<ext>" Here the extension "ext" is
+specific to the signing algorithm.
+
+
+Hardware Signing with PKCS#11 or with HSM
+-----------------------------------------
+
+Securely managing private signing keys can challenging, especially when the
+keys are stored on the file system of a computer that is connected to the
+Internet. If an attacker is able to steal the key, they can sign malicious FIT
+images which will appear genuine to your devices.
+
+An alternative solution is to keep your signing key securely stored on hardware
+device like a smartcard, USB token or Hardware Security Module (HSM) and have
+them perform the signing. PKCS#11 is standard for interfacing with these crypto
+device.
+
+Requirements:
+ - Smartcard/USB token/HSM which can work with some openssl engine
+ - openssl
+
+For pkcs11 engine usage:
+ - libp11 (provides pkcs11 engine)
+ - p11-kit (recommended to simplify setup)
+ - opensc (for smartcards and smartcard like USB devices)
+ - gnutls (recommended for key generation, p11tool)
+
+For generic HSMs respective openssl engine must be installed and locateable by
+openssl. This may require setting up LD_LIBRARY_PATH if engine is not installed
+to openssl's default search paths.
+
+PKCS11 engine support forms "key id" based on "keydir" and with
+"key-name-hint". "key-name-hint" is used as "object" name (if not defined in
+keydir). "keydir" (if defined) is used to define (prefix for) which PKCS11 source
+is being used for lookup up for the key.
+
+PKCS11 engine key ids
+ "pkcs11:<keydir>;object=<key-name-hint>;type=<public|private>"
+
+or, if keydir contains "object="
+ "pkcs11:<keydir>;type=<public|private>"
+
+or
+ "pkcs11:object=<key-name-hint>;type=<public|private>",
+
+Generic HSM engine support forms "key id" based on "keydir" and with
+"key-name-hint". If "keydir" is specified for mkimage it is used as a prefix in
+"key id" and is appended with "key-name-hint".
+
+Generic engine key ids:
+ "<keydir><key-name-hint>"
+
+or
+ "< key-name-hint>"
+
+In order to set the pin in the HSM, an environment variable "MKIMAGE_SIGN_PIN"
+can be specified.
+
+The following examples use the Nitrokey Pro using pkcs11 engine. Instructions
+for other devices may vary.
+
+Notes on pkcs11 engine setup:
+
+Make sure p11-kit, opensc are installed and that p11-kit is setup to use opensc.
+/usr/share/p11-kit/modules/opensc.module should be present on your system.
+
+
+Generating Keys On the Nitrokey::
+
+ $ gpg --card-edit
+
+ Reader ...........: Nitrokey Nitrokey Pro (xxxxxxxx0000000000000000) 00 00
+ Application ID ...: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+ Version ..........: 2.1
+ Manufacturer .....: ZeitControl
+ Serial number ....: xxxxxxxx
+ Name of cardholder: [not set]
+ Language prefs ...: de
+ Sex ..............: unspecified
+ URL of public key : [not set]
+ Login data .......: [not set]
+ Signature PIN ....: forced
+ Key attributes ...: rsa2048 rsa2048 rsa2048
+ Max. PIN lengths .: 32 32 32
+ PIN retry counter : 3 0 3
+ Signature counter : 0
+ Signature key ....: [none]
+ Encryption key....: [none]
+ Authentication key: [none]
+ General key info..: [none]
+
+ gpg/card> generate
+ Make off-card backup of encryption key? (Y/n) n
+
+ Please note that the factory settings of the PINs are
+ PIN = '123456' Admin PIN = '12345678'
+ You should change them using the command --change-pin
+
+ What keysize do you want for the Signature key? (2048) 4096
+ The card will now be re-configured to generate a key of 4096 bits
+ Note: There is no guarantee that the card supports the requested size.
+ If the key generation does not succeed, please check the
+ documentation of your card to see what sizes are allowed.
+ What keysize do you want for the Encryption key? (2048) 4096
+ The card will now be re-configured to generate a key of 4096 bits
+ What keysize do you want for the Authentication key? (2048) 4096
+ The card will now be re-configured to generate a key of 4096 bits
+ Please specify how long the key should be valid.
+ 0 = key does not expire
+ <n> = key expires in n days
+ <n>w = key expires in n weeks
+ <n>m = key expires in n months
+ <n>y = key expires in n years
+ Key is valid for? (0)
+ Key does not expire at all
+ Is this correct? (y/N) y
+
+ GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key.
+
+ Real name: John Doe
+ Email address: john.doe@email.com
+ Comment:
+ You selected this USER-ID:
+ "John Doe <john.doe@email.com>"
+
+ Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? o
+
+
+Using p11tool to get the token URL:
+
+Depending on system configuration, gpg-agent may need to be killed first::
+
+ $ p11tool --provider /usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so --list-tokens
+ Token 0:
+ URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=ZeitControl;serial=000xxxxxxxxx;token=OpenPGP%20card%20%28User%20PIN%20%28sig%29%29
+ Label: OpenPGP card (User PIN (sig))
+ Type: Hardware token
+ Manufacturer: ZeitControl
+ Model: PKCS#15 emulated
+ Serial: 000xxxxxxxxx
+ Module: (null)
+
+
+ Token 1:
+ URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=ZeitControl;serial=000xxxxxxxxx;token=OpenPGP%20card%20%28User%20PIN%29
+ Label: OpenPGP card (User PIN)
+ Type: Hardware token
+ Manufacturer: ZeitControl
+ Model: PKCS#15 emulated
+ Serial: 000xxxxxxxxx
+ Module: (null)
+
+Use the portion of the signature token URL after "pkcs11:" as the keydir argument (-k) to mkimage below.
+
+
+Use the URL of the token to list the private keys::
+
+ $ p11tool --login --provider /usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so --list-privkeys \
+ "pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=ZeitControl;serial=000xxxxxxxxx;token=OpenPGP%20card%20%28User%20PIN%20%28sig%29%29"
+ Token 'OpenPGP card (User PIN (sig))' with URL 'pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=ZeitControl;serial=000xxxxxxxxx;token=OpenPGP%20card%20%28User%20PIN%20%28sig%29%29' requires user PIN
+ Enter PIN:
+ Object 0:
+ URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=ZeitControl;serial=000xxxxxxxxx;token=OpenPGP%20card%20%28User%20PIN%20%28sig%29%29;id=%01;object=Signature%20key;type=private
+ Type: Private key
+ Label: Signature key
+ Flags: CKA_PRIVATE; CKA_NEVER_EXTRACTABLE; CKA_SENSITIVE;
+ ID: 01
+
+Use the label, in this case "Signature key" as the key-name-hint in your FIT.
+
+Create the fitImage::
+
+ $ ./tools/mkimage -f fit-image.its fitImage
+
+
+Sign the fitImage with the hardware key::
+
+ $ ./tools/mkimage -F -k \
+ "model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=ZeitControl;serial=000xxxxxxxxx;token=OpenPGP%20card%20%28User%20PIN%20%28sig%29%29" \
+ -K u-boot.dtb -N pkcs11 -r fitImage
+
+
+Future Work
+-----------
+
+- Roll-back protection using a TPM is done using the tpm command. This can
+ be scripted, but we might consider a default way of doing this, built into
+ bootm.
+
+
+Possible Future Work
+--------------------
+
+- More sandbox tests for failure modes
+- Passwords for keys/certificates
+- Perhaps implement OAEP
+- Enhance bootm to permit scripted signature verification (so that a script
+ can verify an image but not actually boot it)
+
+
+.. sectionauthor:: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>, 1-1-13
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/source_file_format.rst b/doc/usage/fit/source_file_format.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2b1e42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/source_file_format.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,684 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+Flattened Image Tree (FIT) Format
+=================================
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+The number of elements playing a role in the kernel booting process has
+increased over time and now typically includes the devicetree, kernel image and
+possibly a ramdisk image. Generally, all must be placed in the system memory and
+booted together.
+
+For firmware images a similar process has taken place, with various binaries
+loaded at different addresses, such as ARM's ATF, OpenSBI, FPGA and U-Boot
+itself.
+
+FIT provides a flexible and extensible format to deal with this complexity. It
+provides support for multiple components. It also supports multiple
+configurations, so that the same FIT can be used to boot multiple boards, with
+some components in common (e.g. kernel) and some specific to that board (e.g.
+devicetree).
+
+Terminology
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This document defines FIT by providing FDT (Flat Device Tree) bindings. These
+describe the final form of the FIT at the moment when it is used. The user
+perspective may be simpler, as some of the properties (like timestamps and
+hashes) are filled in automatically by the U-Boot mkimage tool.
+
+To avoid confusion with the kernel FDT the following naming convention is used:
+
+FIT
+ Flattened Image Tree
+
+FIT is formally a flattened devicetree (in the libfdt meaning), which conforms
+to bindings defined in this document.
+
+.its
+ image tree source
+
+.itb
+ flattened image tree blob
+
+Image-building procedure
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The following picture shows how the FIT is prepared. Input consists of
+image source file (.its) and a set of data files. Image is created with the
+help of standard U-Boot mkimage tool which in turn uses dtc (device tree
+compiler) to produce image tree blob (.itb). The resulting .itb file is the
+actual binary of a new FIT::
+
+ tqm5200.its
+ +
+ vmlinux.bin.gz mkimage + dtc xfer to target
+ eldk-4.2-ramdisk --------------> tqm5200.itb --------------> boot
+ tqm5200.dtb /|\
+ |
+ 'new FIT'
+
+Steps:
+
+#. Create .its file, automatically filled-in properties are omitted
+
+#. Call mkimage tool on a .its file
+
+#. mkimage calls dtc to create .itb image and assures that
+ missing properties are added
+
+#. .itb (new FIT) is uploaded onto the target and used therein
+
+
+Unique identifiers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+To identify FIT sub-nodes representing images, hashes, configurations (which
+are defined in the following sections), the "unit name" of the given sub-node
+is used as it's identifier as it assures uniqueness without additional
+checking required.
+
+
+External data
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+FIT is normally built initially with image data in the 'data' property of each
+image node. It is also possible for this data to reside outside the FIT itself.
+This allows the 'FDT' part of the FIT to be quite small, so that it can be
+loaded and scanned without loading a large amount of data. Then when an image is
+needed it can be loaded from an external source.
+
+External FITs use 'data-offset' or 'data-position' instead of 'data'.
+
+The mkimage tool can convert a FIT to use external data using the `-E` argument,
+optionally using `-p` to specific a fixed position.
+
+It is often desirable to align each image to a block size or cache-line size
+(e.g. 512 bytes), so that there is no need to copy it to an aligned address when
+reading the image data. The mkimage tool provides a `-B` argument to support
+this.
+
+Root-node properties
+--------------------
+
+The root node of the FIT should have the following layout::
+
+ / o image-tree
+ |- description = "image description"
+ |- timestamp = <12399321>
+ |- #address-cells = <1>
+ |
+ o images
+ | |
+ | o image-1 {...}
+ | o image-2 {...}
+ | ...
+ |
+ o configurations
+ |- default = "conf-1"
+ |
+ o conf-1 {...}
+ o conf-2 {...}
+ ...
+
+Optional property
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+description
+ Textual description of the FIT
+
+Mandatory property
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+timestamp
+ Last image modification time being counted in seconds since
+ 1970-01-01 00:00:00 - to be automatically calculated by mkimage tool.
+
+Conditionally mandatory property
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+#address-cells
+ Number of 32bit cells required to represent entry and
+ load addresses supplied within sub-image nodes. May be omitted when no
+ entry or load addresses are used.
+
+Mandatory nodes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+images
+ This node contains a set of sub-nodes, each of them representing
+ single component sub-image (like kernel, ramdisk, etc.). At least one
+ sub-image is required.
+
+configurations
+ Contains a set of available configuration nodes and
+ defines a default configuration.
+
+
+'/images' node
+--------------
+
+This node is a container node for component sub-image nodes. Each sub-node of
+the '/images' node should have the following layout::
+
+ o image-1
+ |- description = "component sub-image description"
+ |- data = /incbin/("path/to/data/file.bin")
+ |- type = "sub-image type name"
+ |- arch = "ARCH name"
+ |- os = "OS name"
+ |- compression = "compression name"
+ |- load = <00000000>
+ |- entry = <00000000>
+ |
+ o hash-1 {...}
+ o hash-2 {...}
+ ...
+
+Mandatory properties
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+description
+ Textual description of the component sub-image
+
+type
+ Name of component sub-image type. Supported types are:
+
+ ==================== ==================
+ Sub-image type Meaning
+ ==================== ==================
+ invalid Invalid Image
+ aisimage Davinci AIS image
+ atmelimage ATMEL ROM-Boot Image
+ copro Coprocessor Image}
+ fdt_legacy legacy Image with Flat Device Tree
+ filesystem Filesystem Image
+ firmware Firmware
+ firmware_ivt Firmware with HABv4 IVT }
+ flat_dt Flat Device Tree
+ fpga FPGA Image }
+ gpimage TI Keystone SPL Image
+ imx8image NXP i.MX8 Boot Image
+ imx8mimage NXP i.MX8M Boot Image
+ imximage Freescale i.MX Boot Image
+ kernel Kernel Image
+ kernel_noload Kernel Image (no loading done)
+ kwbimage Kirkwood Boot Image
+ lpc32xximage LPC32XX Boot Image
+ mtk_image MediaTek BootROM loadable Image }
+ multi Multi-File Image
+ mxsimage Freescale MXS Boot Image
+ omapimage TI OMAP SPL With GP CH
+ pblimage Freescale PBL Boot Image
+ pmmc TI Power Management Micro-Controller Firmware
+ ramdisk RAMDisk Image
+ rkimage Rockchip Boot Image }
+ rksd Rockchip SD Boot Image }
+ rkspi Rockchip SPI Boot Image }
+ script Script
+ socfpgaimage Altera SoCFPGA CV/AV preloader
+ socfpgaimage_v1 Altera SoCFPGA A10 preloader
+ spkgimage Renesas SPKG Image }
+ standalone Standalone Program
+ stm32image STMicroelectronics STM32 Image }
+ sunxi_egon Allwinner eGON Boot Image }
+ sunxi_toc0 Allwinner TOC0 Boot Image }
+ tee Trusted Execution Environment Image
+ ublimage Davinci UBL image
+ vybridimage Vybrid Boot Image
+ x86_setup x86 setup.bin
+ zynqimage Xilinx Zynq Boot Image }
+ zynqmpbif Xilinx ZynqMP Boot Image (bif) }
+ zynqmpimage Xilinx ZynqMP Boot Image }
+ ==================== ==================
+
+compression
+ Compression used by included data. If no compression is used, the
+ compression property should be set to "none". If the data is compressed but
+ it should not be uncompressed by the loader (e.g. compressed ramdisk), this
+ should also be set to "none".
+
+ Supported compression types are:
+
+ ==================== ==================
+ Compression type Meaning
+ ==================== ==================
+ none uncompressed
+ bzip2 bzip2 compressed
+ gzip gzip compressed
+ lz4 lz4 compressed
+ lzma lzma compressed
+ lzo lzo compressed
+ zstd zstd compressed
+ ==================== ==================
+
+data-size
+ size of the data in bytes
+
+
+Conditionally mandatory property
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+data
+ Path to the external file which contains this node's binary data. Within
+ the FIT this is the contents of the file. This is mandatory unless
+ external data is used.
+
+data-offset
+ Offset of the data in a separate image store. The image store is placed
+ immediately after the last byte of the device tree binary, aligned to a
+ 4-byte boundary. This is mandatory if external data is used, with an offset.
+
+data-position
+ Machine address at which the data is to be found. This is a fixed address
+ not relative to the loading of the FIT. This is mandatory if external data
+ used with a fixed address.
+
+os
+ OS name, mandatory for types "kernel". Valid OS names are:
+
+ ==================== ==================
+ OS name Meaning
+ ==================== ==================
+ invalid Invalid OS
+ 4_4bsd 4_4BSD
+ arm-trusted-firmware ARM Trusted Firmware
+ dell Dell
+ efi EFI Firmware
+ esix Esix
+ freebsd FreeBSD
+ integrity INTEGRITY
+ irix Irix
+ linux Linux
+ ncr NCR
+ netbsd NetBSD
+ openbsd OpenBSD
+ openrtos OpenRTOS
+ opensbi RISC-V OpenSBI
+ ose Enea OSE
+ plan9 Plan 9
+ psos pSOS
+ qnx QNX
+ rtems RTEMS
+ sco SCO
+ solaris Solaris
+ svr4 SVR4
+ tee Trusted Execution Environment
+ u-boot U-Boot
+ vxworks VxWorks
+ ==================== ==================
+
+arch
+ Architecture name, mandatory for types: "standalone", "kernel",
+ "firmware", "ramdisk" and "fdt". Valid architecture names are:
+
+ ==================== ==================
+ Architecture type Meaning
+ ==================== ==================
+ invalid Invalid ARCH
+ alpha Alpha
+ arc ARC
+ arm64 AArch64
+ arm ARM
+ avr32 AVR32
+ blackfin Blackfin
+ ia64 IA64
+ m68k M68K
+ microblaze MicroBlaze
+ mips64 MIPS 64 Bit
+ mips MIPS
+ nds32 NDS32
+ nios2 NIOS II
+ or1k OpenRISC 1000
+ powerpc PowerPC
+ ppc PowerPC
+ riscv RISC-V
+ s390 IBM S390
+ sandbox Sandbox
+ sh SuperH
+ sparc64 SPARC 64 Bit
+ sparc SPARC
+ x86_64 AMD x86_64
+ x86 Intel x86
+ xtensa Xtensa
+ ==================== ==================
+
+entry
+ entry point address, address size is determined by
+ '#address-cells' property of the root node.
+ Mandatory for types: "firmware", and "kernel".
+
+load
+ load address, address size is determined by '#address-cells'
+ property of the root node.
+ Mandatory for types: "firmware", and "kernel".
+
+compatible
+ compatible method for loading image.
+ Mandatory for types: "fpga", and images that do not specify a load address.
+ Supported compatible methods:
+
+ ========================== =========================================
+ Compatible string Meaning
+ ========================== =========================================
+ u-boot,fpga-legacy Generic fpga loading routine.
+ u-boot,zynqmp-fpga-ddrauth Signed non-encrypted FPGA bitstream for
+ Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ (ZymqMP) device.
+ u-boot,zynqmp-fpga-enc Encrypted FPGA bitstream for Xilinx Zynq
+ UltraScale+ (ZynqMP) device.
+ ========================== =========================================
+
+phase
+ U-Boot phase for which the image is intended.
+
+ "spl"
+ image is an SPL image
+
+ "u-boot"
+ image is a U-Boot image
+
+Optional nodes:
+
+hash-1
+ Each hash sub-node represents separate hash or checksum
+ calculated for node's data according to specified algorithm.
+
+signature-1
+ Each signature sub-node represents separate signature
+ calculated for node's data according to specified algorithm.
+
+
+Hash nodes
+----------
+
+::
+
+ o hash-1
+ |- algo = "hash or checksum algorithm name"
+ |- value = [hash or checksum value]
+
+Mandatory properties
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+algo
+ Algorithm name. Supported algoriths and their value sizes are:
+
+ ==================== ============ =========================================
+ Sub-image type Size (bytes) Meaning
+ ==================== ============ =========================================
+ crc16-ccitt 2 Cyclic Redundancy Check 16-bit
+ (Consultative Committee for International
+ Telegraphy and Telephony)
+ crc32 4 Cyclic Redundancy Check 32-bit
+ md5 16 Message Digest 5 (MD5)
+ sha1 20 Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
+ sha256 32 Secure Hash Algorithm 2 (SHA256)
+ sha384 48 Secure Hash Algorithm 2 (SHA384)
+ sha512 64 Secure Hash Algorithm 2 (SHA512)
+ ==================== ============ =========================================
+
+value
+ Actual checksum or hash value.
+
+Image-signature nodes
+---------------------
+
+::
+
+ o signature-1
+ |- algo = "algorithm name"
+ |- key-name-hint = "key name"
+ |- value = [hash or checksum value]
+
+
+Mandatory properties
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+_`FIT Algorithm`:
+
+algo
+ Algorithm name. Supported algoriths and their value sizes are shown below.
+ Note that the hash is specified separately from the signing algorithm, so
+ it is possible to mix and match any SHA algorithm with any signing
+ algorithm. The size of the signature relates to the signing algorithm, not
+ the hash, since it is the hash that is signed.
+
+ ==================== ============ =========================================
+ Sub-image type Size (bytes) Meaning
+ ==================== ============ =========================================
+ sha1,rsa2048 256 SHA1 hash signed with 2048-bit
+ Rivest–Shamir–Adleman algorithm
+ sha1,rsa3072 384 SHA1 hash signed with 2048-bit RSA
+ sha1,rsa4096 512 SHA1 hash signed with 2048-bit RSA
+ sha1,ecdsa256 32 SHA1 hash signed with 256-bit Elliptic
+ Curve Digital Signature Algorithm
+ sha256,...
+ sha384,...
+ sha512,...
+ ==================== ============ =========================================
+
+key-name-hint
+ Name of key to use for signing. The keys will normally be in
+ a single directory (parameter -k to mkimage). For a given key <name>, its
+ private key is stored in <name>.key and the certificate is stored in
+ <name>.crt.
+
+sign-images
+ A list of images to sign, each being a property of the conf
+ node that contains then. The default is "kernel,fdt" which means that these
+ two images will be looked up in the config and signed if present. This is
+ used by mkimage to determine which images to sign.
+
+The following properies are added as part of signing, and are mandatory:
+
+value
+ Actual signature value. This is added by mkimage.
+
+hashed-nodes
+ A list of nodes which were hashed by the signer. Each is
+ a string - the full path to node. A typical value might be::
+
+ hashed-nodes = "/", "/configurations/conf-1", "/images/kernel",
+ "/images/kernel/hash-1", "/images/fdt-1",
+ "/images/fdt-1/hash-1";
+
+hashed-strings
+ The start and size of the string region of the FIT that was hashed. The
+ start is normally 0, indicating the first byte of the string table. The size
+ indicates the number of bytes hashed as part of signing.
+
+The following properies are added as part of signing, and are optional:
+
+timestamp
+ Time when image was signed (standard Unix time_t format)
+
+signer-name
+ Name of the signer (e.g. "mkimage")
+
+signer-version
+ Version string of the signer (e.g. "2013.01")
+
+comment
+ Additional information about the signer or image
+
+padding
+ The padding algorithm, it may be pkcs-1.5 or pss,
+ if no value is provided we assume pkcs-1.5
+
+
+'/configurations' node
+----------------------
+
+The 'configurations' node creates convenient, labeled boot configurations,
+which combine together kernel images with their ramdisks and fdt blobs.
+
+The 'configurations' node has the following structure::
+
+ o configurations
+ |- default = "default configuration sub-node unit name"
+ |
+ o config-1 {...}
+ o config-2 {...}
+ ...
+
+
+Optional property
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+default
+ Selects one of the configuration sub-nodes as a default configuration.
+
+Mandatory nodes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+configuration-sub-node-unit-name
+ At least one of the configuration sub-nodes is required.
+
+Optional nodes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+signature-1
+ Each signature sub-node represents separate signature
+ calculated for the configuration according to specified algorithm.
+
+
+Configuration nodes
+-------------------
+
+Each configuration has the following structure::
+
+ o config-1
+ |- description = "configuration description"
+ |- kernel = "kernel sub-node unit name"
+ |- fdt = "fdt sub-node unit-name" [, "fdt overlay sub-node unit-name", ...]
+ |- loadables = "loadables sub-node unit-name"
+ |- script = "
+ |- compatible = "vendor,board-style device tree compatible string"
+ o signature-1 {...}
+
+Mandatory properties
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+description
+ Textual configuration description.
+
+kernel or firmware
+ Unit name of the corresponding kernel or firmware
+ (u-boot, op-tee, etc) image. If both "kernel" and "firmware" are specified,
+ control is passed to the firmware image.
+
+Optional properties
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+fdt
+ Unit name of the corresponding fdt blob (component image node of a
+ "fdt type"). Additional fdt overlay nodes can be supplied which signify
+ that the resulting device tree blob is generated by the first base fdt
+ blob with all subsequent overlays applied.
+
+fpga
+ Unit name of the corresponding fpga bitstream blob
+ (component image node of a "fpga type").
+
+loadables
+ Unit name containing a list of additional binaries to be
+ loaded at their given locations. "loadables" is a comma-separated list
+ of strings. U-Boot will load each binary at its given start-address and
+ may optionally invoke additional post-processing steps on this binary based
+ on its component image node type.
+
+script
+ The image to use when loading a U-Boot script (for use with the
+ source command).
+
+compatible
+ The root compatible string of the U-Boot device tree that
+ this configuration shall automatically match when CONFIG_FIT_BEST_MATCH is
+ enabled. If this property is not provided, the compatible string will be
+ extracted from the fdt blob instead. This is only possible if the fdt is
+ not compressed, so images with compressed fdts that want to use compatible
+ string matching must always provide this property.
+
+The FDT blob is required to properly boot FDT based kernel, so the minimal
+configuration for 2.6 FDT kernel is (kernel, fdt) pair.
+
+Older, 2.4 kernel and 2.6 non-FDT kernel do not use FDT blob, in such cases
+'struct bd_info' must be passed instead of FDT blob, thus fdt property *must
+not* be specified in a configuration node.
+
+Configuration-signature nodes
+-----------------------------
+
+::
+
+ o signature-1
+ |- algo = "algorithm name"
+ |- key-name-hint = "key name"
+ |- sign-images = "path1", "path2";
+ |- value = [hash or checksum value]
+ |- hashed-strings = <0 len>
+
+
+Mandatory properties
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+algo
+ See `FIT Algorithm`_.
+
+key-name-hint
+ Name of key to use for signing. The keys will normally be in
+ a single directory (parameter -k to mkimage). For a given key <name>, its
+ private key is stored in <name>.key and the certificate is stored in
+ <name>.crt.
+
+The following properies are added as part of signing, and are mandatory:
+
+value
+ Actual signature value. This is added by mkimage.
+
+The following properies are added as part of signing, and are optional:
+
+timestamp
+ Time when image was signed (standard Unix time_t format)
+
+signer-name
+ Name of the signer (e.g. "mkimage")
+
+signer-version
+ Version string of the signer (e.g. "2013.01")
+
+comment
+ Additional information about the signer or image
+
+padding
+ The padding algorithm, it may be pkcs-1.5 or pss,
+ if no value is provided we assume pkcs-1.5
+
+
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+Some example files are available here, showing various scenarios
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ kernel
+ kernel_fdt
+ kernel_fdts_compressed
+ multi
+ multi_spl
+ multi-with-fpga
+ multi-with-loadables
+ sec_firmware_ppa
+ sign-configs
+ sign-images
+ uefi
+ update3
+ update_uboot
+
+.. sectionauthor:: Marian Balakowicz <m8@semihalf.com>
+.. sectionauthor:: External data additions, 25/1/16 Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/uefi.rst b/doc/usage/fit/uefi.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bbacb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/uefi.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+UEFI
+====
+
+Example FIT image description file demonstrating the usage of the
+bootm command to launch UEFI binaries.
+
+Two boot configurations are available to enable booting GRUB2 on QEMU,
+the former uses a FDT blob contained in the FIT image, while the later
+relies on the FDT provided by the board emulator.
+
+::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ / {
+ description = "GRUB2 EFI and QEMU FDT blob";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+
+ images {
+ efi-grub {
+ description = "GRUB EFI Firmware";
+ data = /incbin/("bootarm.efi");
+ type = "kernel_noload";
+ arch = "arm";
+ os = "efi";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x0>;
+ entry = <0x0>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha256";
+ };
+ };
+
+ fdt-qemu {
+ description = "QEMU DTB";
+ data = /incbin/("qemu-arm.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "arm";
+ compression = "none";
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha256";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+ configurations {
+ default = "config-grub-fdt";
+
+ config-grub-fdt {
+ description = "GRUB EFI Boot w/ FDT";
+ kernel = "efi-grub";
+ fdt = "fdt-qemu";
+ signature-1 {
+ algo = "sha256,rsa2048";
+ key-name-hint = "dev";
+ sign-images = "kernel", "fdt";
+ };
+ };
+
+ config-grub-nofdt {
+ description = "GRUB EFI Boot w/o FDT";
+ kernel = "efi-grub";
+ signature-1 {
+ algo = "sha256,rsa2048";
+ key-name-hint = "dev";
+ sign-images = "kernel";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ };
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/update3.rst b/doc/usage/fit/update3.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ff3950
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/update3.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+Automatic software update: multiple files
+=========================================
+
+::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ / {
+ description = "Automatic software updates: kernel, ramdisk, FDT";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+
+ images {
+ update-1 {
+ description = "Linux kernel binary";
+ data = /incbin/("./vmlinux.bin.gz");
+ compression = "none";
+ type = "firmware";
+ load = <FF700000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+ update-2 {
+ description = "Ramdisk image";
+ data = /incbin/("./ramdisk_image.gz");
+ compression = "none";
+ type = "firmware";
+ load = <FF8E0000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+
+ update-3 {
+ description = "FDT blob";
+ data = /incbin/("./blob.fdt");
+ compression = "none";
+ type = "firmware";
+ load = <FFAC0000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ };
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/update_uboot.rst b/doc/usage/fit/update_uboot.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9288ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/update_uboot.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+Automatic software update
+=========================
+
+Make sure the flashing addresses ('load' prop) is correct for your board!
+
+::
+
+ /dts-v1/;
+
+ / {
+ description = "Automatic U-Boot update";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+
+ images {
+ update-1 {
+ description = "U-Boot binary";
+ data = /incbin/("./u-boot.bin");
+ compression = "none";
+ type = "firmware";
+ load = <0xFFFC0000>;
+ hash-1 {
+ algo = "sha1";
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ };
diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/verified-boot.txt b/doc/usage/fit/verified-boot.rst
index 41c9fa9..3012077 100644
--- a/doc/uImage.FIT/verified-boot.txt
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/verified-boot.rst
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
U-Boot Verified Boot
====================
Introduction
------------
+
Verified boot here means the verification of all software loaded into a
machine during the boot process to ensure that it is authorised and correct
for that machine.
@@ -21,6 +24,7 @@ memory, so that firmware can easily be upgraded in a secure manner.
Signing
-------
+
Verified boot uses cryptographic algorithms to 'sign' software images.
Images are signed using a private key known only to the signer, but can
be verified using a public key. As its name suggests the public key can be
@@ -28,31 +32,31 @@ made available without risk to the verification process. The private and
public keys are mathematically related. For more information on how this
works look up "public key cryptography" and "RSA" (a particular algorithm).
-The signing and verification process looks something like this:
-
-
- Signing Verification
- ======= ============
-
- +--------------+ *
- | RSA key pair | * +---------------+
- | .key .crt | * | Public key in |
- +--------------+ +------> public key ----->| trusted place |
- | | * +---------------+
- | | * |
- v | * v
- +---------+ | * +--------------+
- | |----------+ * | |
- | signer | * | U-Boot |
- | |----------+ * | signature |--> yes/no
- +---------+ | * | verification |
- ^ | * | |
- | | * +--------------+
- | | * ^
- +----------+ | * |
- | Software | +----> signed image -------------+
- | image | *
- +----------+ *
+The signing and verification process looks something like this::
+
+
+ Signing Verification
+ ======= ============
+
+ +--------------+ *
+ | RSA key pair | * +---------------+
+ | .key .crt | * | Public key in |
+ +--------------+ +------> public key ----->| trusted place |
+ | | * +---------------+
+ | | * |
+ v | * v
+ +---------+ | * +--------------+
+ | |---------+ * | |
+ | signer | * | U-Boot |
+ | |---------+ * | signature |--> yes/no
+ +---------+ | * | verification |
+ ^ | * | |
+ | | * +--------------+
+ | | * ^
+ +----------+ | * |
+ | Software | +----> signed image -------------+
+ | image | *
+ +----------+ *
The signature algorithm relies only on the public key to do its work. Using
@@ -70,23 +74,25 @@ the verification is worthless.
Chaining Images
---------------
+
The above method works for a signer providing images to a run-time U-Boot.
It is also possible to extend this scheme to a second level, like this:
-1. Master private key is used by the signer to sign a first-stage image.
-2. Master public key is placed in read-only memory.
-2. Secondary private key is created and used to sign second-stage images.
-3. Secondary public key is placed in first stage images
-4. We use the master public key to verify the first-stage image. We then
-use the secondary public key in the first-stage image to verify the second-
-state image.
-5. This chaining process can go on indefinitely. It is recommended to use a
-different key at each stage, so that a compromise in one place will not
-affect the whole change.
+#. Master private key is used by the signer to sign a first-stage image.
+#. Master public key is placed in read-only memory.
+#. Secondary private key is created and used to sign second-stage images.
+#. Secondary public key is placed in first stage images
+#. We use the master public key to verify the first-stage image. We then
+ use the secondary public key in the first-stage image to verify the second-
+ state image.
+#. This chaining process can go on indefinitely. It is recommended to use a
+ different key at each stage, so that a compromise in one place will not
+ affect the whole change.
Flattened Image Tree (FIT)
--------------------------
+
The FIT format is already widely used in U-Boot. It is a flattened device
tree (FDT) in a particular format, with images contained within. FITs
include hashes to verify images, so it is relatively straightforward to
@@ -96,9 +102,6 @@ The public key can be stored in U-Boot's CONFIG_OF_CONTROL device tree in
a standard place. Then when a FIT is loaded it can be verified using that
public key. Multiple keys and multiple signatures are supported.
-See signature.txt for more information.
-
+See :doc:`signature` for more information.
-Simon Glass
-sjg@chromium.org
-1-1-13
+.. sectionauthor:: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org> 1-1-13
diff --git a/doc/usage/fit/x86-fit-boot.rst b/doc/usage/fit/x86-fit-boot.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93b73bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/fit/x86-fit-boot.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+Booting Linux on x86 with FIT
+=============================
+
+Background
+----------
+
+Generally Linux x86 uses its own very complex booting method. There is a setup
+binary which contains all sorts of parameters and a compressed self-extracting
+binary for the kernel itself, often with a small built-in serial driver to
+display decompression progress.
+
+The x86 CPU has various processor modes. I am no expert on these, but my
+understanding is that an x86 CPU (even a really new one) starts up in a 16-bit
+'real' mode where only 1MB of memory is visible, moves to 32-bit 'protected'
+mode where 4GB is visible (or more with special memory access techniques) and
+then to 64-bit 'long' mode if 64-bit execution is required.
+
+Partly the self-extracting nature of Linux was introduced to cope with boot
+loaders that were barely capable of loading anything. Even changing to 32-bit
+mode was something of a challenge, so putting this logic in the kernel seemed
+to make sense.
+
+Bit by bit more and more logic has been added to this post-boot pre-Linux
+wrapper:
+
+- Changing to 32-bit mode
+- Decompression
+- Serial output (with drivers for various chips)
+- Load address randomisation
+- Elf loader complete with relocation (for the above)
+- Random number generator via 3 methods (again for the above)
+- Some sort of EFI mini-loader (1000+ glorious lines of code)
+- Locating and tacking on a device tree and ramdisk
+
+To my mind, if you sit back and look at things from first principles, this
+doesn't make a huge amount of sense. Any boot loader worth its salts already
+has most of the above features and more besides. The boot loader already knows
+the layout of memory, has a serial driver, can decompress things, includes an
+ELF loader and supports device tree and ramdisks. The decision to duplicate
+all these features in a Linux wrapper caters for the lowest common
+denominator: a boot loader which consists of a BIOS call to load something off
+disk, followed by a jmp instruction.
+
+(Aside: On ARM systems, we worry that the boot loader won't know where to load
+the kernel. It might be easier to just provide that information in the image,
+or in the boot loader rather than adding a self-relocator to put it in the
+right place. Or just use ELF?
+
+As a result, the x86 kernel boot process is needlessly complex. The file
+format is also complex, and obfuscates the contents to a degree that it is
+quite a challenge to extract anything from it. This bzImage format has become
+so prevalent that is actually isn't possible to produce the 'raw' kernel build
+outputs with the standard Makefile (as it is on ARM for example, at least at
+the time of writing).
+
+This document describes an alternative boot process which uses simple raw
+images which are loaded into the right place by the boot loader and then
+executed.
+
+
+Build the kernel
+----------------
+
+Note: these instructions assume a 32-bit kernel. U-Boot also supports directly
+booting a 64-bit kernel by jumping into 64-bit mode first (see below).
+
+You can build the kernel as normal with 'make'. This will create a file called
+'vmlinux'. This is a standard ELF file and you can look at it if you like::
+
+ $ objdump -h vmlinux
+
+ vmlinux: file format elf32-i386
+
+ Sections:
+ Idx Name Size VMA LMA File off Algn
+ 0 .text 00416850 81000000 01000000 00001000 2**5
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, CODE
+ 1 .notes 00000024 81416850 01416850 00417850 2**2
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
+ 2 __ex_table 00000c50 81416880 01416880 00417880 2**3
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
+ 3 .rodata 00154b9e 81418000 01418000 00419000 2**5
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
+ 4 __bug_table 0000597c 8156cba0 0156cba0 0056dba0 2**0
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
+ 5 .pci_fixup 00001b80 8157251c 0157251c 0057351c 2**2
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
+ 6 .tracedata 00000024 8157409c 0157409c 0057509c 2**0
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
+ 7 __ksymtab 00007ec0 815740c0 015740c0 005750c0 2**2
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
+ 8 __ksymtab_gpl 00004a28 8157bf80 0157bf80 0057cf80 2**2
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
+ 9 __ksymtab_strings 0001d6fc 815809a8 015809a8 005819a8 2**0
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
+ 10 __init_rodata 00001c3c 8159e0a4 0159e0a4 0059f0a4 2**2
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
+ 11 __param 00000ff0 8159fce0 0159fce0 005a0ce0 2**2
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
+ 12 __modver 00000330 815a0cd0 015a0cd0 005a1cd0 2**2
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
+ 13 .data 00063000 815a1000 015a1000 005a2000 2**12
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, DATA
+ 14 .init.text 0002f104 81604000 01604000 00605000 2**2
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, CODE
+ 15 .init.data 00040cdc 81634000 01634000 00635000 2**12
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, DATA
+ 16 .x86_cpu_dev.init 0000001c 81674cdc 01674cdc 00675cdc 2**2
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
+ 17 .altinstructions 0000267c 81674cf8 01674cf8 00675cf8 2**0
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
+ 18 .altinstr_replacement 00000942 81677374 01677374 00678374 2**0
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
+ 19 .iommu_table 00000014 81677cb8 01677cb8 00678cb8 2**2
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
+ 20 .apicdrivers 00000004 81677cd0 01677cd0 00678cd0 2**2
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, DATA
+ 21 .exit.text 00001a80 81677cd8 01677cd8 00678cd8 2**0
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, CODE
+ 22 .data..percpu 00007880 8167a000 0167a000 0067b000 2**12
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, DATA
+ 23 .smp_locks 00003000 81682000 01682000 00683000 2**2
+ CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, RELOC, READONLY, DATA
+ 24 .bss 000a1000 81685000 01685000 00686000 2**12
+ ALLOC
+ 25 .brk 00424000 81726000 01726000 00686000 2**0
+ ALLOC
+ 26 .comment 00000049 00000000 00000000 00686000 2**0
+ CONTENTS, READONLY
+ 27 .GCC.command.line 0003e055 00000000 00000000 00686049 2**0
+ CONTENTS, READONLY
+ 28 .debug_aranges 0000f4c8 00000000 00000000 006c40a0 2**3
+ CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING
+ 29 .debug_info 0440b0df 00000000 00000000 006d3568 2**0
+ CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING
+ 30 .debug_abbrev 0022a83b 00000000 00000000 04ade647 2**0
+ CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING
+ 31 .debug_line 004ead0d 00000000 00000000 04d08e82 2**0
+ CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING
+ 32 .debug_frame 0010a960 00000000 00000000 051f3b90 2**2
+ CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING
+ 33 .debug_str 001b442d 00000000 00000000 052fe4f0 2**0
+ CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING
+ 34 .debug_loc 007c7fa9 00000000 00000000 054b291d 2**0
+ CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING
+ 35 .debug_ranges 00098828 00000000 00000000 05c7a8c8 2**3
+ CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING
+
+There is also the setup binary mentioned earlier. This is at
+arch/x86/boot/setup.bin and is about 12KB in size. It includes the command
+line and various settings need by the kernel. Arguably the boot loader should
+provide all of this also, but setting it up is some complex that the kernel
+helps by providing a head start.
+
+As you can see the code loads to address 0x01000000 and everything else
+follows after that. We could load this image using the 'bootelf' command but
+we would still need to provide the setup binary. This is not supported by
+U-Boot although I suppose you could mostly script it. This would permit the
+use of a relocatable kernel.
+
+All we need to boot is the vmlinux file and the setup.bin file.
+
+
+Create a FIT
+------------
+
+To create a FIT you will need a source file describing what should go in the
+FIT. See kernel.its for an example for x86 and also instructions on setting
+the 'arch' value for booting 64-bit kernels if desired. Put this into a file
+called image.its.
+
+Note that setup is loaded to the special address of 0x90000 (a special address
+you just have to know) and the kernel is loaded to 0x01000000 (the address you
+saw above). This means that you will need to load your FIT to a different
+address so that U-Boot doesn't overwrite it when decompressing. Something like
+0x02000000 will do so you can set CONFIG_SYS_LOAD_ADDR to that.
+
+In that example the kernel is compressed with lzo. Also we need to provide a
+flat binary, not an ELF. So the steps needed to set things are are::
+
+ # Create a flat binary
+ objcopy -O binary vmlinux vmlinux.bin
+
+ # Compress it into LZO format
+ lzop vmlinux.bin
+
+ # Build a FIT image
+ mkimage -f image.its image.fit
+
+(be careful to run the mkimage from your U-Boot tools directory since it
+will have x86_setup support.)
+
+You can take a look at the resulting fit file if you like::
+
+ $ dumpimage -l image.fit
+ FIT description: Simple image with single Linux kernel on x86
+ Created: Tue Oct 7 10:57:24 2014
+ Image 0 (kernel)
+ Description: Vanilla Linux kernel
+ Created: Tue Oct 7 10:57:24 2014
+ Type: Kernel Image
+ Compression: lzo compressed
+ Data Size: 4591767 Bytes = 4484.15 kB = 4.38 MB
+ Architecture: Intel x86
+ OS: Linux
+ Load Address: 0x01000000
+ Entry Point: 0x00000000
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: 446b5163ebfe0fb6ee20cbb7a8501b263cd92392
+ Image 1 (setup)
+ Description: Linux setup.bin
+ Created: Tue Oct 7 10:57:24 2014
+ Type: x86 setup.bin
+ Compression: uncompressed
+ Data Size: 12912 Bytes = 12.61 kB = 0.01 MB
+ Hash algo: sha1
+ Hash value: a1f2099cf47ff9816236cd534c77af86e713faad
+ Default Configuration: 'config-1'
+ Configuration 0 (config-1)
+ Description: Boot Linux kernel
+ Kernel: kernel
+
+
+Booting the FIT
+---------------
+
+To make it boot you need to load it and then use 'bootm' to boot it. A
+suitable script to do this from a network server is::
+
+ bootp
+ tftp image.fit
+ bootm
+
+This will load the image from the network and boot it. The command line (from
+the 'bootargs' environment variable) will be passed to the kernel.
+
+If you want a ramdisk you can add it as normal with FIT. If you want a device
+tree then x86 doesn't normally use those - it has ACPI instead.
+
+
+Why Bother?
+-----------
+
+#. It demystifies the process of booting an x86 kernel
+#. It allows use of the standard U-Boot boot file format
+#. It allows U-Boot to perform decompression - problems will provide an error
+ message and you are still in the boot loader. It is possible to investigate.
+#. It avoids all the pre-loader code in the kernel which is quite complex to
+ follow
+#. You can use verified/secure boot and other features which haven't yet been
+ added to the pre-Linux
+#. It makes x86 more like other architectures in the way it boots a kernel.
+ You can potentially use the same file format for the kernel, and the same
+ procedure for building and packaging it.
+
+
+References
+----------
+
+In the Linux kernel, Documentation/x86/boot.txt defines the boot protocol for
+the kernel including the setup.bin format. This is handled in U-Boot in
+arch/x86/lib/zimage.c and arch/x86/lib/bootm.c.
+
+Various files in the same directory as this file describe the FIT format.
+
+
+.. sectionauthor:: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org> 7-Oct-2014
diff --git a/doc/usage/index.rst b/doc/usage/index.rst
index 84ef8a9..388e59f 100644
--- a/doc/usage/index.rst
+++ b/doc/usage/index.rst
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Use U-Boot
dfu
environment
fdt_overlays
- fit
+ fit/index
netconsole
partitions
cmdline
@@ -25,12 +25,14 @@ Shell commands
cmd/askenv
cmd/base
cmd/bdinfo
+ cmd/bind
cmd/blkcache
cmd/bootd
cmd/bootdev
cmd/bootefi
cmd/bootflow
cmd/booti
+ cmd/bootm
cmd/bootmenu
cmd/bootmeth
cmd/button
@@ -62,9 +64,11 @@ Shell commands
cmd/fwu_mdata
cmd/gpio
cmd/host
+ cmd/imxtract
cmd/load
cmd/loadb
cmd/loadm
+ cmd/loads
cmd/loadx
cmd/loady
cmd/mbr
@@ -81,6 +85,7 @@ Shell commands
cmd/read
cmd/reset
cmd/rng
+ cmd/saves
cmd/sbi
cmd/sf
cmd/scp03
@@ -96,6 +101,7 @@ Shell commands
cmd/trace
cmd/true
cmd/ums
+ cmd/unbind
cmd/ut
cmd/wdt
cmd/wget