//===-- examples/HowToUseJIT/HowToUseJIT.cpp - An example use of the JIT --===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
//  WARNING: This example demonstrates how to use LLVM's older ExecutionEngine
//           JIT APIs. The newer LLJIT APIs should be preferred for new
//           projects. See llvm/examples/HowToUseLLJIT.
//
//  This small program provides an example of how to quickly build a small
//  module with two functions and execute it with the JIT.
//
// Goal:
//  The goal of this snippet is to create in the memory
//  the LLVM module consisting of two functions as follow: 
//
// int add1(int x) {
//   return x+1;
// }
//
// int foo() {
//   return add1(10);
// }
//
// then compile the module via JIT, then execute the `foo'
// function and return result to a driver, i.e. to a "host program".
//
// Some remarks and questions:
//
// - could we invoke some code using noname functions too?
//   e.g. evaluate "foo()+foo()" without fears to introduce
//   conflict of temporary function name with some real
//   existing function name?
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h"
#include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/GenericValue.h"
#include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/MCJIT.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Argument.h"
#include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DerivedTypes.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
#include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Type.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
#include "llvm/Support/ManagedStatic.h"
#include "llvm/Support/TargetSelect.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>

using namespace llvm;

int main() {
  InitializeNativeTarget();
  LLVMInitializeNativeAsmPrinter();

  LLVMContext Context;
  
  // Create some module to put our function into it.
  std::unique_ptr<Module> Owner = std::make_unique<Module>("test", Context);
  Module *M = Owner.get();

  // Create the add1 function entry and insert this entry into module M.  The
  // function will have a return type of "int" and take an argument of "int".
  Function *Add1F =
      Function::Create(FunctionType::get(Type::getInt32Ty(Context),
                                         {Type::getInt32Ty(Context)}, false),
                       Function::ExternalLinkage, "add1", M);

  // Add a basic block to the function. As before, it automatically inserts
  // because of the last argument.
  BasicBlock *BB = BasicBlock::Create(Context, "EntryBlock", Add1F);

  // Create a basic block builder with default parameters.  The builder will
  // automatically append instructions to the basic block `BB'.
  IRBuilder<> builder(BB);

  // Get pointers to the constant `1'.
  Value *One = builder.getInt32(1);

  // Get pointers to the integer argument of the add1 function...
  assert(Add1F->arg_begin() != Add1F->arg_end()); // Make sure there's an arg
  Argument *ArgX = &*Add1F->arg_begin();          // Get the arg
  ArgX->setName("AnArg");            // Give it a nice symbolic name for fun.

  // Create the add instruction, inserting it into the end of BB.
  Value *Add = builder.CreateAdd(One, ArgX);

  // Create the return instruction and add it to the basic block
  builder.CreateRet(Add);

  // Now, function add1 is ready.

  // Now we're going to create function `foo', which returns an int and takes no
  // arguments.
  Function *FooF =
      Function::Create(FunctionType::get(Type::getInt32Ty(Context), {}, false),
                       Function::ExternalLinkage, "foo", M);

  // Add a basic block to the FooF function.
  BB = BasicBlock::Create(Context, "EntryBlock", FooF);

  // Tell the basic block builder to attach itself to the new basic block
  builder.SetInsertPoint(BB);

  // Get pointer to the constant `10'.
  Value *Ten = builder.getInt32(10);

  // Pass Ten to the call to Add1F
  CallInst *Add1CallRes = builder.CreateCall(Add1F, Ten);
  Add1CallRes->setTailCall(true);

  // Create the return instruction and add it to the basic block.
  builder.CreateRet(Add1CallRes);

  // Now we create the JIT.
  ExecutionEngine* EE = EngineBuilder(std::move(Owner)).create();

  outs() << "We just constructed this LLVM module:\n\n" << *M;
  outs() << "\n\nRunning foo: ";
  outs().flush();

  // Call the `foo' function with no arguments:
  std::vector<GenericValue> noargs;
  GenericValue gv = EE->runFunction(FooF, noargs);

  // Import result of execution:
  outs() << "Result: " << gv.IntVal << "\n";
  delete EE;
  llvm_shutdown();
  return 0;
}