[Clang][Sema] Allow flexible arrays in unions and alone in structs (#84428)

GNU and MSVC have extensions where flexible array members (or their
equivalent) can be in unions or alone in structs. This is already fully
supported in Clang through the 0-sized array ("fake flexible array")
extension or when C99 flexible array members have been syntactically
obfuscated.

Clang needs to explicitly allow these extensions directly for C99
flexible arrays, since they are common code patterns in active use by
the
Linux kernel (and other projects). Such projects have been using either
0-sized arrays (which is considered deprecated in favor of C99 flexible
array members) or via obfuscated syntax, both of which complicate their
code bases.

For example, these do not error by default:
```
union one {
	int a;
	int b[0];
};

union two {
	int a;
	struct {
		struct { } __empty;
		int b[];
	};
};
```
But this does:
```
union three {
	int a;
	int b[];
};
```
Remove the default error diagnostics for this but continue to provide
warnings under Microsoft or GNU extensions checks. This will allow for
a seamless transition for code bases away from 0-sized arrays without
losing existing code patterns. Add explicit checking for the warnings
under various constructions.

Additionally fixes a CodeGen bug with flexible array members in unions
in C++, which was found when adding a testcase for:
```
union { char x[]; } z = {0};
```
which only had Sema tests originally.

Fixes #84565

1 files changed, 3 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst b/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst
index 0fdd9e3..ccc399d 100644
--- a/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst
+++ b/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst
@@ -304,6 +304,9 @@ Improvements to Clang's diagnostics
   annotated with the ``clang::always_destroy`` attribute.
   Fixes #GH68686, #GH86486
 
+- ``-Wmicrosoft``, ``-Wgnu``, or ``-pedantic`` is now required to diagnose C99
+  flexible array members in a union or alone in a struct. Fixes GH#84565.
+
 Improvements to Clang's time-trace
 ----------------------------------