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diff --git a/time/europe b/time/europe deleted file mode 100644 index dbaa01f..0000000 --- a/time/europe +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2339 +0,0 @@ -# @(#)europe 7.52 - -# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, -# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to -# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). - -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): -# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is -# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), -# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). -# -# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source -# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport -# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), -# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries -# of the IATA's data after 1990. -# -# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, -# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. -# -# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, -# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which -# I found in the UCLA library. -# -# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; -# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. -# Corrections are welcome! -# std dst -# LMT Local Mean Time -# -4:00 AST Atlantic -# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* -# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* -# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer -# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer -# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe -# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe -# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe -# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow -# -# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, -# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, -# Oxford University Press (1980). - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), -# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, -# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. -# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. -# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. -# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. -# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for -# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% -# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous -# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. -# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) -# ... -# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. -# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. -# ... -# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. -# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact -# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the -# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed -# in the Directive. - - -############################################################################### - -# United Kingdom -# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14. - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): -# -# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about -# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo -# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph -# of the text said: -# -# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands -# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude -# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed -# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They -# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, -# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking -# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' -# -# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's -# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should -# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. -# -# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] - -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): -# -# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. -# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, -# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. -# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828); -# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844), -# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude. -# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway -# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most -# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847 Sep 22 the -# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be -# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major -# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public -# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock -# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, -# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal -# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading -# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. -# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition -# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2. -# -# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single -# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much -# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time. - -# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12): -# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), -# a London builder who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907) -# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, -# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. -# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, -# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. -# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. - -# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): -# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' -# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this -# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the -# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. - -# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): -# -# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's -# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. - -# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) -# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john> -# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. -# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in -# politics making a fortune, not computing. - -# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14): -# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the -# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published -# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and -# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-01-12): -# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time -# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about -# the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well. -# -# Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that -# I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem -# with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to -# keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They -# get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time -# this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer -# to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual -# volumes. -# -# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out -# the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence, -# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining -# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter), -# and to Joseph Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders -# up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives. -# -# Some definitions: -# -# Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales -# United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern -# Ireland (since 1922) -# S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation -# S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation -# -# Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed -# to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man -# or the Channel Islands. -# -# Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't -# have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things -# like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to -# check these documents again. -# -# --- -# -# - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9) -# -# Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain -# and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding -# various forms of local mean time. -# -# - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???) -# -# An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have -# defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't -# seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition, -# or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain. -# -# - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62) (???) -# -# Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation -# to the Isle of Man. -# -# - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14) -# -# Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland. -# Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of -# Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT). -# Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration -# of the then current war. -# -# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45) -# -# This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916, -# bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind -# GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back. -# Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure -# derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence -# would have been: -# Dublin London -# 02:34:38 IST 02:59:59 BST -# 02:34:39 IST 02:00:00 GMT -# 02:59:59 IST 02:25:20 GMT -# 02:25:21 GMT 02:25:21 GMT -# with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 -# -# An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 -# extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated -# 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that -# the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same -# time as it took effect in the United Kingdom. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362 -# -# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates -# for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September, -# both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 -# -# An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916 -# (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same -# dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 -# -# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates -# for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September, -# both at 02:00 GMT. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429 -# -# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 -# -# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates -# for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September, -# both at 02:00 GMT. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366 -# -# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 -# -# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates -# for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September, -# both at 02:00 GMT. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 -# -# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 -# -# An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to -# change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to -# Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green -# Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike. -# -# - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 & 11 Geo. 5. c. 5) (???) -# -# This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916 -# for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war. -# I haven't seen this one so I don't know when it came into force, or -# when the law deemed the termination of the war to have been. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 -# -# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War -# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time -# in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364 -# -# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 (???) -# -# This probably defines Summer Time for 1922 as the Summer Time Act, 1922 -# was passed after the start date. Dates from Cm 722: -# 1922: 26 March to 8 October -# -# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???) -# -# This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order. -# -# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22) -# -# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third -# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after -# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September. -# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament -# so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well. -# Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205 -# -# An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 -# dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending -# the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. -# -# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37) (jsm) -# -# This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until -# 31 December 1924. -# -# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm) -# -# This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until -# 31 December 1925. -# -# - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.)) -# -# This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating -# to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply -# in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect -# accordingly. -# -# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64) -# -# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the -# day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925. -# -# - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???) -# -# I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to -# do all manner of things during the newly started war. -# -# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 -# -# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939. -# They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883 -# -# An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. -# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940. -# There was another Order (S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172) that I assume had merely -# changed the dates, to start on 4 February, and was then superseded by this -# one. I haven't seen No. 172 so I don't know what end date it would have -# specified. The dates from Cm 722: -# 1940: Summer Time starts on 4 February -# -# - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 -# -# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. -# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after -# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the -# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time, -# which continues throughout the rest of the year. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 -# -# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. -# This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first -# Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 -# -# This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to 17 September 1944. -# (I don't have the text of this, just a note of what it did, the text almost -# certainly had the `day after the nth Saturday' form.) -# -# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 (???) -# -# Probably defines the dates of Double Summer Time in 1945. -# I do have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom -# Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60: -# -# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home -# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals -# regarding double summer time. -# -# [two other similar questions omitted] -# -# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have -# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of -# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the -# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday, -# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that -# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter -# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from -# Monday, 2nd April.' -# -# Cm 722 gives dates of: -# 1945: Double Summer time: 2 April to 15 July -# 1945: Summer Time ends on 7 October -# -# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 -# -# An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking -# a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. -# This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts. -# -# - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16) -# -# Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and -# 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time -# (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour -# offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday -# 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00 -# Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years, -# both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied -# to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) (???) -# - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) (???) -# - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) (???) -# - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) (???) -# - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) (???) -# -# These presumably give the dates of Summer Time for the relevent years. -# There was no Double Summer Time. The dates given in the 1989 Green Paper -# for these years are: -# 1948: 14 March to 31 October -# 1949: 3 April to 30 October -# 1950: 16 April to 22 October -# 1951: 15 April to 21 October -# 1952: 20 April to 26 October -# After 1952 things revert back to the 1922 and 1925 Acts. -# -# - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???) -# -# I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the -# Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the -# legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916. -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) -# -# Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961 -# -# - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) -# -# Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962. -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) -# -# Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963. -# -# - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) -# -# Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964. -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) -# -# Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT): -# 1965: 21 March to 24 October -# 1966: 20 March to 23 October -# 1967: 19 March to 29 October -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) -# - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) -# -# The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United -# Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October, -# all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date -# to 18 February to match the United Kingdom. -# -# - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45) -# -# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout -# the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the -# Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent. -# It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. -# -# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on -# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely -# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom -# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in -# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could -# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27, -# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto, -# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying -# summer time in 1968. -# -# - The Manx Time Act 1968 -# -# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that -# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain. -# -# - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6) -# -# This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start -# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter, -# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day -# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is -# 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and -# times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for -# implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom. -# -# - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30) -# -# Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of -# Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal -# time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it -# has its own Interpretation Act listed above). -# -# - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC) -# -# The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start -# dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates. -# Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'. -# The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change -# time. The dates: -# 1981: 29 March -# 1982: 28 March -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) -# -# Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the -# EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT: -# 1981: 29 March to 25 October -# 1982: 28 March to 24 October -# -# - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements -# (82/399/EEC) -# -# The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985. -# Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't -# be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common -# date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of -# end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March. -# All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as: -# 1983: 25 September or 23 October -# 1984: 30 September or 28 october -# 1985: 29 September or 27 October -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) -# -# Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates. -# 1983: 27 March to 23 October -# 1984: 25 March to 28 october -# 1985: 31 March to 27 October -# -# - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements -# (84/634/EEC) -# -# Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end -# dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at -# 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates: -# 1986: 28 September or 26 October -# 1987: 27 September or 25 October -# 1988: 25 September or 23 October -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) -# -# Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates. -# 1986: 30 March to 26 October -# 1987: 29 March to 25 October -# 1988: 27 March to 23 October -# -# - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC -# on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC) -# -# This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC. -# The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging -# to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different -# sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going -# to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded -# without any change to the dates themselves. -# -# - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements -# (88/14/EEC) -# -# This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that -# this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom -# end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from -# the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October. -# All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given: -# 1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) -# -# Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989. -# -# - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements -# (89/47/EEC) -# -# Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both -# rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday -# in October) and specific dates: -# 1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October -# 1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October -# 1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) -# -# Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates. -# -# - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime -# arrangements -# -# Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified -# both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates: -# 1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October -# 1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) -# -# Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates. -# -# - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council -# of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements -# -# Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached -# on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given. -# The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September -# or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the -# last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of -# the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed -# but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier -# than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given: -# 1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October -# 1996: 31 March to 27 October -# 1997: 30 March to 26 October -# -# - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) -# -# Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995. -# Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of -# Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation -# on the subject. -# -# - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council -# of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements -# -# Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both -# rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates: -# 1998: 29 March to 25 October -# 1999: 28 March to 31 October -# 2000: 26 March to 29 October -# 2001: 25 March to 28 October -# -# - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) -# -# Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man, -# Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order. - -# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06): -# -# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; -# see Lord Tanlaw's speech -# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> -# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) -# </a>. - -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12): -# -# The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A -# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error; -# 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date. -# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules -# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925. -# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition; -# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other -# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now. -# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. -# -# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: -# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until -# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. -# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. -# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. -# It actually just had one transition. -# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. -# Actually, it conformed to Britain. -# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. -# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. -# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). -# -# The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful; -# we'll ignore them for now. -# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT -# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to -# conform with Great Britain. -# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. -# -# -# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. - -# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): -# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, -# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. -# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate -# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of -# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is -# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". - -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -# Summer Time Act, 1916 -Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT -# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 -Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT -# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 -Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT -# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 -Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT -# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 -Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST -# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 -Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT -# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 -Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT -# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 -Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST -# The Summer Time Act, 1922 -Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -# The Summer Time Act, 1925 -Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 -Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT -# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 -Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST -# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 -Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST -Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST -# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 -Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST -# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 -Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST -# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 -Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 BDST -# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 -Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST -# The Summer Time Act, 1947 -Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST -Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT -# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) -Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT -# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) -Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST -# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) -# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) -# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) -Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT -# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 -Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST -# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) -# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) -# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) -Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT -# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) -# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) -# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) -Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST -# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) -Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST -# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 -# (no summer time) -# The Summer Time Act, 1972 -Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT -# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) -# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) -# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) -# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) -Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT -# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) -# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) -# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) -Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT -# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) -# See EU for rules starting in 1996. - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22 - 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 - 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u - 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 - 0:00 EU GMT/BST -Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 - -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT - -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time - 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 - 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u - 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 - 0:00 EU GMT/BST -Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 - -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT - -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s - 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence - 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 - 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 - 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 - 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 - 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 - 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 - 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u - 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 - 0:00 EU GMT/IST - -############################################################################### - -# Continental Europe - -# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, -# Common Market, etc. - -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S -Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - -Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - -Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - -Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S -Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - - -# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. -Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S -Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - -Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - -Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - -Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S -Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - - -# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. -# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. -Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S -Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - -Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - -Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - -Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - -Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S -# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks. -Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - -Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - -Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - -Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - -Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - - -# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. -Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S -Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - - -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time -Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time -Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time -Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST -Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST -Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S -Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - -Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S -# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition. -# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12): -# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21. -Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DS -Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - -Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - -Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - -Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - - -# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT -Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT -Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT -Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT - -# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST -# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. - -# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12): -# The official German names ... are -# -# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 -# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 -# -# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), -# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... -# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution -# -# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) -# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" -# Postfach 3345 -# D-38023 Braunschweig -# phone: +49 531 592-0 -# -# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB -# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the -# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as -# -# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 -# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 - - -# Albania -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S -Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 - 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 -# The following transition is from Shanks's 4th edition (1995). - 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Andorra -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 - 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 - 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Austria -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - -Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - -Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00 - 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Belarus -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 - 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct - 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00 - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00 - 2:00 Russia EE%sT - -# Belgium -# -# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): -# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: -# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, -# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 -# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), -# pp 8-9. -# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: -# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. -# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references. -# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. -# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. -# -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 - 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT - 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 - 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u - 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 - 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Bosnia and Herzegovina -# see Yugoslavia - -# Bulgaria -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - -Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - -Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 - 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? - 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 - 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 - 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 - 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT - -# Croatia -# see Yugosloavia - -# Czech Republic -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17. -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - -Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 - 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s - 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Denmark -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - -Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - -# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways -# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks. -# -# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman. -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 - 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time - 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 - 1:00 EU CE%sT -Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn - 0:00 - WET 1981 - 0:00 EU WE%sT -# -# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): -# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, -# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU -# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab -# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU -# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. - -# -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S -# -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit - -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 - -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 - -1:00 EU EG%sT -Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk - -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 - -3:00 EU WG%sT -Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik - -4:00 Thule A%sT - -# Estonia -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15): -# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards -# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, -# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... -# -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28): -# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, -# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] -# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different -# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules -# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... -# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on -# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to -# summer time next spring.'' -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 - 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul - 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May - 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 - 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT - -# Finland -# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted. -# -# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): -# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, -# and it's supposed to change at 4am... -# -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994): -# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981. -# Go with Strang instead. -# -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 - 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time - 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 - 2:00 EU EE%sT - -# France -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20. -# French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31, -# and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23. -# -# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. -# From Shanks (1991): -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - -Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - -Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - -Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S -# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, -# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco). -Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 DS -# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, -# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12), -# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes -# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. -Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S -Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 DS -Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S -Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 DS -Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S -Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 DS -Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S -Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 DS -Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - -# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; -# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. -Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S -Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - -# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05, -# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. -# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based -# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 - 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time -# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT. - 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 - 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 - 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Germany - -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 DS -Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S -Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - -Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S -# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks. -Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 DS -Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S -Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Gibraltar -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 - 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 - 1:00 - CET 1982 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Greece -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks. -Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - -# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks. -Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S -# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks. -Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - -Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - -# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks. -Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - -Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - -Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - -Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - -Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - -Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S -Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - -Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 - 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT - 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 - 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 - 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 - # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; - # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. - 2:00 EU EE%sT - -# Hungary -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01. -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S -Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S -Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S -Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - -Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S -Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 - 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00 - 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Iceland -# -# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06): -# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. -# -# (1993-12-05): -# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of -# Iceland Almanak. -# -# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour -# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts -# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which -# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. -# -# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks -# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the -# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always -# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. -# -# (1993-12-10): -# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the -# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus -# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. -# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day -# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. -# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" -# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it -# might mean something else (???). -# -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09): -# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. -# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that -# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. -# -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S -Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S -Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - -Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S -Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - -# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter -Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S -Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - -# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter -Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S -# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week -Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - -Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - -Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 - -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? - -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s - 0:00 - GMT - -# Italy -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. -# -# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): -# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri -# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html"> -# http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html (1996-03-14) -# </a> -# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute -# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: -# -# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with: -# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W -# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s -# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S -# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W -# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S -# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W -# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S -# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s -# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S -# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s -# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) -# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s -# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s -# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S -# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S -# -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - -Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - -Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 - 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time - 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul - 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican -Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino - -# Latvia -# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): -# Rules after 1991 are by extension from Shanks. They contradict -# IATA SSIM (1992/1996), which claims Latvia uses W-Eur rules, but -# Peter Ilieve's relative writes that Latvia switched in September this year, -# so we'll assume that the old C-Eur-style rules still apply. -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Latvia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Latvia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 - 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time - 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer - 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 - 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 - 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 - 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 - 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 Latvia EE%sT - -# Liechtenstein -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun - 1:00 - CET 1981 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Lithuania -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 - 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time - 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time - 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 - 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 - 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 - 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT -# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): -# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is -# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. - -# Luxembourg -# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun - 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 - 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s - 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 - 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 - 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Macedonia -# see Yugoslavia - -# Malta -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - -Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - -Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S -Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - -Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta - 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s - 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 - 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Moldova -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT - -# Monaco -# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 - 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time - 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 - 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Netherlands -# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, -# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman. -Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time -Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time -Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT -# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks. -Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT -Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST -# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks. -Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT -Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST -# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks. -Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST -# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks. -Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - -# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks. -Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 - -# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure. -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May - 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul - 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Norway -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. -Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S -Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - -# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman. -Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 S -# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4, -# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940. -Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 - 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 - 1:00 EU CE%sT -# -# Svalbard -Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen -# -# Jan Mayen -# From Whitman: -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT - -# Poland -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - -Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S -# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. -Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - -# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. -Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 - -Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - -Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S -# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks. -Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S -Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - -Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S -Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S -Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - -Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S -Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S -Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 - 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 - 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun - 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct - 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 - 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT -# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ -# <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml"> -# http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24) -# </a> -# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. -# Stick with W-Eur for now. - -# Portugal -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. -# -# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): -# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone -# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. -# -# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve -# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. -# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. -# -# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): -# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions -# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. -# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. -# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. -# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal -# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. -# -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S -# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. -Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - -Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S -# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks. -Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S -# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman. -Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S -# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks. -Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. -Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S -# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks. -Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S -# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks. -Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S -# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. -Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 DS -Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 DS -Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 DS -Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. -# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks. -Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 - -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time - 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 - 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 - 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s - 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s - 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u - 0:00 EU WE%sT -Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada - -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time - -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time - -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s - -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s - 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u - -1:00 EU AZO%sT -Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal - -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time - -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time - 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s - 0:00 EU WE%sT - -# Romania -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - -Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - -Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S -Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct - 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT - 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 - 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 - 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT - -# Russia - -# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02): -# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar'' -# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week. -# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the -# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it -# reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days -# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. -# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_) -# -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): -# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations, -# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991. -# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, -# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA. -# -# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): -# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with -# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... -# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor -# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. -# -# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): -# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from -# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... -# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. -# -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 - 2:00 Poland CET 1946 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1994 -# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change. - 2:00 Russia EE%sT -Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 - 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct - 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD -Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time - 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 3:00 - SAMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time - 4:00 Russia SAM%sT -Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 4:00 - SVET 1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time - 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 4:00 1:00 SVEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 4:00 - SVET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time -Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 5:00 - OMST 1957 Mar # Omsk Time - 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 5:00 1:00 OMSST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 5:00 - OMST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 6:00 Russia OMS%sT -# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): -# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! -# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; -# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching -# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. -Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 6:00 - NOVT 1957 Mar # Novosibirsk Time - 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 6:00 - NOVT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s - 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1994 Sep 25 2:00s - 6:00 Russia NOV%sT -Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 6:00 - KRAT 1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time - 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 6:00 1:00 KRAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 6:00 - KRAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 7:00 Russia KRA%sT -Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 - 6:57:20 - IMT 1924 May 2 # Irkutsk Mean Time - 7:00 - IRKT 1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time - 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 7:00 1:00 IRKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 7:00 - IRKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 8:00 Russia IRK%sT -Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 8:00 - YAKT 1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 8:00 1:00 YAKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 8:00 - YAKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT -Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880 - 8:47:44 - VMT 1924 May 2 # Vladivostok MT - 9:00 - VLAT 1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time - 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 9:00 1:00 VLAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 9:00 - VLAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 10:00 Russia VLA%sT -Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 10:00 - MAGT 1957 Mar # Magadan Time - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 10:00 1:00 MAGST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 10:00 - MAGT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT -# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. -Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 11:00 - PETT 1957 Mar # P-K Time - 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 11:00 1:00 PETST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 11:00 - PETT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 12:00 Russia PET%sT -Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 12:00 - ANAT 1957 Mar # Anadyr Time - 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 12:00 1:00 ANAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 12:00 - ANAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 13:00 Russia ANA%sT - -# Slovakia -Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava - -# Slovenia -# see Yugoslavia - -# Spain -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. -Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - -Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S -# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. -Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S -# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks. -Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - -Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S -# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks. -Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S -# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks. -Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S -# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks. -Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 DS -Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 DS -Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - -Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - -Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - -Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - -Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - -# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. -Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S -Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S -Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - -Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - -Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - -Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 - 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 - 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 - 1:00 EU CE%sT -Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 - 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 - 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 - 0:00 - WET 1924 - 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 - 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 - 1:00 - CET 1986 - 1:00 EU CE%sT -Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. - -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time - 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s - 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s - 0:00 EU WE%sT -# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. -# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. - -# Sweden - -# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) -# <a href=news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com> -# news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com -# </a>: -# -# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden -# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of -# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap -# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar -# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years. -# -# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through; -# they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712 -# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that -# year!... -# -# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner, -# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule. -# -# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers -# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia" -# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och -# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).) - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 - 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT - 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s - 1:00 - CET 1980 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Switzerland -# The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland, -# by omitting leap years during 1583-1812. -# From Howse (1988), p 82: -# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace -# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep -# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): -Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - -# From Shanks (1991): -Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S -Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 - 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time - 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Turkey -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - -# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. -Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S -# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman. -Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S -# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. -Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 - 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? - 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 - 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time - 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 - 2:00 EU EE%sT -Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. - -# Ukraine -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time -Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean Time -Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time -Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST -Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST -Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 UST -Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 KMT -Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 UST -Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 UDST -Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 UST -Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 KMT -Rule Crimea 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 CST # Crimean Summer Time -Rule Crimea 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 NMT # Nikolayev Mean Time -Rule Crimea 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 CDST # Crimean Double Summer Time -Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST -Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST -Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST -Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT -Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST -Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST -Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST -Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT -Rule Crimea 1996 max - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 - -Rule Crimea 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 - 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2 - 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17 - 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996 - 2:00 EU EE%sT -Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 - 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2 - 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21): -# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched -# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. -# For now, guess it changed Feb 1. - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb -# From IATA SSIM (1994/1996), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. - 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 - 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD - -# Yugoslavia -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 - 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s -# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of -# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. -# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. - 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 - 1:00 EU CE%sT -Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia -Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina -Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia -Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia - -############################################################################### - -# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from -# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. -# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. -# -# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but -# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. -# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at -# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey -# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time -# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) - -# ... -# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 -# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann) -# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp> -# ... -# -# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when -# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only -# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according -# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on -# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following -# years... -# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions -# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST -# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep -# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. -# -# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the -# Soviet Union (as far as I know). -# -# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, -# 4002 Basle, Switzerland -# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho - -# ... -# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 -# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter) -# ... -# -# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. -# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information -# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. -# -# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on -# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... -# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that -# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 -# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in -# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch -# dates... -# -# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. -# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... -# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not -# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations -# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always -# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the -# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours -# in advance of normal time. -# -# ... -# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland -# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl -# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax - -# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): -# ... -# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). -# Since 1978. Change at midnight. -# ... -# Monaco: has same DST as France. -# ... |