string/memchr.c: Merge from gnulib

Merge most of the gnulib implementation of memchr. The changes that
remain are:

 - copyright header
 - bp-sym.h removed
 - reg_char removed
 - allow MEMCHR to be redefined
 - non-conforming whitespace changes

The merged code fixes a number of -Wundef warnings and also introduces
an optimized algorithm. I haven't detected any performance difference
in the new code which I believe is down to the quite specific
circumstances required to hit it. However the new code is approximately
half the size of the old code on AArch64 (which uses generic memchr).

ChangeLog:

2014-07-04  Will Newton  <will.newton@linaro.org>

	* string/memchr.c: Merge from gnulib.
	[_LIBC]: Remove conditionals.
	(__ptr_t): Remove define.
	(LONG_MAX_32_BITS): Likewise.
	(LONG_MAX): Likewise.
	(MEMCHR): Use ANSI prototype and optimize algorithm.

1 files changed, 94 insertions, 139 deletions

diff --git a/string/memchr.c b/string/memchr.c
index 7408f33..c8e1f9b 100644
--- a/string/memchr.c
+++ b/string/memchr.c
@@ -20,186 +20,141 @@
    License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
 
-#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
-#include <config.h>
+#ifndef _LIBC
+# include <config.h>
 #endif
 
-#undef __ptr_t
-#define __ptr_t void *
+#include <string.h>
 
-#if defined _LIBC
-# include <string.h>
-# include <memcopy.h>
-#endif
+#include <stddef.h>
 
-#if HAVE_STDLIB_H || defined _LIBC
-# include <stdlib.h>
-#endif
+#include <limits.h>
 
-#if HAVE_LIMITS_H || defined _LIBC
-# include <limits.h>
+#undef __memchr
+#ifdef _LIBC
+# undef memchr
 #endif
 
-#define LONG_MAX_32_BITS 2147483647
-
-#ifndef LONG_MAX
-#define LONG_MAX LONG_MAX_32_BITS
+#ifndef weak_alias
+# define __memchr memchr
 #endif
 
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#undef memchr
-#undef __memchr
-
 #ifndef MEMCHR
 # define MEMCHR __memchr
 #endif
 
 /* Search no more than N bytes of S for C.  */
-__ptr_t
-MEMCHR (s, c_in, n)
-     const __ptr_t s;
-     int c_in;
-     size_t n;
+void *
+MEMCHR (void const *s, int c_in, size_t n)
 {
+  /* On 32-bit hardware, choosing longword to be a 32-bit unsigned
+     long instead of a 64-bit uintmax_t tends to give better
+     performance.  On 64-bit hardware, unsigned long is generally 64
+     bits already.  Change this typedef to experiment with
+     performance.  */
+  typedef unsigned long int longword;
+
   const unsigned char *char_ptr;
-  const unsigned long int *longword_ptr;
-  unsigned long int longword, magic_bits, charmask;
+  const longword *longword_ptr;
+  longword repeated_one;
+  longword repeated_c;
   unsigned char c;
 
   c = (unsigned char) c_in;
 
-  /* Handle the first few characters by reading one character at a time.
+  /* Handle the first few bytes by reading one byte at a time.
      Do this until CHAR_PTR is aligned on a longword boundary.  */
   for (char_ptr = (const unsigned char *) s;
-       n > 0 && ((unsigned long int) char_ptr
-		 & (sizeof (longword) - 1)) != 0;
+       n > 0 && (size_t) char_ptr % sizeof (longword) != 0;
        --n, ++char_ptr)
     if (*char_ptr == c)
-      return (__ptr_t) char_ptr;
-
-  /* All these elucidatory comments refer to 4-byte longwords,
-     but the theory applies equally well to 8-byte longwords.  */
-
-  longword_ptr = (unsigned long int *) char_ptr;
-
-  /* Bits 31, 24, 16, and 8 of this number are zero.  Call these bits
-     the "holes."  Note that there is a hole just to the left of
-     each byte, with an extra at the end:
+      return (void *) char_ptr;
 
-     bits:  01111110 11111110 11111110 11111111
-     bytes: AAAAAAAA BBBBBBBB CCCCCCCC DDDDDDDD
+  longword_ptr = (const longword *) char_ptr;
 
-     The 1-bits make sure that carries propagate to the next 0-bit.
-     The 0-bits provide holes for carries to fall into.  */
-
-  if (sizeof (longword) != 4 && sizeof (longword) != 8)
-    abort ();
+  /* All these elucidatory comments refer to 4-byte longwords,
+     but the theory applies equally well to any size longwords.  */
+
+  /* Compute auxiliary longword values:
+     repeated_one is a value which has a 1 in every byte.
+     repeated_c has c in every byte.  */
+  repeated_one = 0x01010101;
+  repeated_c = c | (c << 8);
+  repeated_c |= repeated_c << 16;
+  if (0xffffffffU < (longword) -1)
+    {
+      repeated_one |= repeated_one << 31 << 1;
+      repeated_c |= repeated_c << 31 << 1;
+      if (8 < sizeof (longword))
+	{
+	  size_t i;
 
-#if LONG_MAX <= LONG_MAX_32_BITS
-  magic_bits = 0x7efefeff;
-#else
-  magic_bits = ((unsigned long int) 0x7efefefe << 32) | 0xfefefeff;
-#endif
+	  for (i = 64; i < sizeof (longword) * 8; i *= 2)
+	    {
+	      repeated_one |= repeated_one << i;
+	      repeated_c |= repeated_c << i;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
 
-  /* Set up a longword, each of whose bytes is C.  */
-  charmask = c | (c << 8);
-  charmask |= charmask << 16;
-#if LONG_MAX > LONG_MAX_32_BITS
-  charmask |= charmask << 32;
-#endif
+  /* Instead of the traditional loop which tests each byte, we will test a
+     longword at a time.  The tricky part is testing if *any of the four*
+     bytes in the longword in question are equal to c.  We first use an xor
+     with repeated_c.  This reduces the task to testing whether *any of the
+     four* bytes in longword1 is zero.
+
+     We compute tmp =
+       ((longword1 - repeated_one) & ~longword1) & (repeated_one << 7).
+     That is, we perform the following operations:
+       1. Subtract repeated_one.
+       2. & ~longword1.
+       3. & a mask consisting of 0x80 in every byte.
+     Consider what happens in each byte:
+       - If a byte of longword1 is zero, step 1 and 2 transform it into 0xff,
+	 and step 3 transforms it into 0x80.  A carry can also be propagated
+	 to more significant bytes.
+       - If a byte of longword1 is nonzero, let its lowest 1 bit be at
+	 position k (0 <= k <= 7); so the lowest k bits are 0.  After step 1,
+	 the byte ends in a single bit of value 0 and k bits of value 1.
+	 After step 2, the result is just k bits of value 1: 2^k - 1.  After
+	 step 3, the result is 0.  And no carry is produced.
+     So, if longword1 has only non-zero bytes, tmp is zero.
+     Whereas if longword1 has a zero byte, call j the position of the least
+     significant zero byte.  Then the result has a zero at positions 0, ...,
+     j-1 and a 0x80 at position j.  We cannot predict the result at the more
+     significant bytes (positions j+1..3), but it does not matter since we
+     already have a non-zero bit at position 8*j+7.
+
+     So, the test whether any byte in longword1 is zero is equivalent to
+     testing whether tmp is nonzero.  */
 
-  /* Instead of the traditional loop which tests each character,
-     we will test a longword at a time.  The tricky part is testing
-     if *any of the four* bytes in the longword in question are zero.  */
   while (n >= sizeof (longword))
     {
-      /* We tentatively exit the loop if adding MAGIC_BITS to
-	 LONGWORD fails to change any of the hole bits of LONGWORD.
-
-	 1) Is this safe?  Will it catch all the zero bytes?
-	 Suppose there is a byte with all zeros.  Any carry bits
-	 propagating from its left will fall into the hole at its
-	 least significant bit and stop.  Since there will be no
-	 carry from its most significant bit, the LSB of the
-	 byte to the left will be unchanged, and the zero will be
-	 detected.
-
-	 2) Is this worthwhile?  Will it ignore everything except
-	 zero bytes?  Suppose every byte of LONGWORD has a bit set
-	 somewhere.  There will be a carry into bit 8.  If bit 8
-	 is set, this will carry into bit 16.  If bit 8 is clear,
-	 one of bits 9-15 must be set, so there will be a carry
-	 into bit 16.  Similarly, there will be a carry into bit
-	 24.  If one of bits 24-30 is set, there will be a carry
-	 into bit 31, so all of the hole bits will be changed.
-
-	 The one misfire occurs when bits 24-30 are clear and bit
-	 31 is set; in this case, the hole at bit 31 is not
-	 changed.  If we had access to the processor carry flag,
-	 we could close this loophole by putting the fourth hole
-	 at bit 32!
-
-	 So it ignores everything except 128's, when they're aligned
-	 properly.
-
-	 3) But wait!  Aren't we looking for C, not zero?
-	 Good point.  So what we do is XOR LONGWORD with a longword,
-	 each of whose bytes is C.  This turns each byte that is C
-	 into a zero.  */
-
-      longword = *longword_ptr++ ^ charmask;
-
-      /* Add MAGIC_BITS to LONGWORD.  */
-      if ((((longword + magic_bits)
-
-	    /* Set those bits that were unchanged by the addition.  */
-	    ^ ~longword)
-
-	   /* Look at only the hole bits.  If any of the hole bits
-	      are unchanged, most likely one of the bytes was a
-	      zero.  */
-	   & ~magic_bits) != 0)
-	{
-	  /* Which of the bytes was C?  If none of them were, it was
-	     a misfire; continue the search.  */
-
-	  const unsigned char *cp = (const unsigned char *) (longword_ptr - 1);
-
-	  if (cp[0] == c)
-	    return (__ptr_t) cp;
-	  if (cp[1] == c)
-	    return (__ptr_t) &cp[1];
-	  if (cp[2] == c)
-	    return (__ptr_t) &cp[2];
-	  if (cp[3] == c)
-	    return (__ptr_t) &cp[3];
-#if LONG_MAX > 2147483647
-	  if (cp[4] == c)
-	    return (__ptr_t) &cp[4];
-	  if (cp[5] == c)
-	    return (__ptr_t) &cp[5];
-	  if (cp[6] == c)
-	    return (__ptr_t) &cp[6];
-	  if (cp[7] == c)
-	    return (__ptr_t) &cp[7];
-#endif
-	}
+      longword longword1 = *longword_ptr ^ repeated_c;
 
+      if ((((longword1 - repeated_one) & ~longword1)
+	   & (repeated_one << 7)) != 0)
+	break;
+      longword_ptr++;
       n -= sizeof (longword);
     }
 
   char_ptr = (const unsigned char *) longword_ptr;
 
-  while (n-- > 0)
+  /* At this point, we know that either n < sizeof (longword), or one of the
+     sizeof (longword) bytes starting at char_ptr is == c.  On little-endian
+     machines, we could determine the first such byte without any further
+     memory accesses, just by looking at the tmp result from the last loop
+     iteration.  But this does not work on big-endian machines.  Choose code
+     that works in both cases.  */
+
+  for (; n > 0; --n, ++char_ptr)
     {
       if (*char_ptr == c)
-	return (__ptr_t) char_ptr;
-      else
-	++char_ptr;
+	return (void *) char_ptr;
     }
 
-  return 0;
+  return NULL;
 }
 #ifdef weak_alias
 weak_alias (__memchr, memchr)