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author | H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com> | 2015-03-05 11:36:35 -0800 |
---|---|---|
committer | H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com> | 2015-03-31 17:17:51 -0700 |
commit | b5344eca1895da9192fb4b9c2c470a40e41dda03 (patch) | |
tree | 73efadc1d6dcf9c43140f01dd1e8bd051b7f1aff | |
parent | c5cd4843e79d71c2776eac3602ced23ab4e4b8d0 (diff) | |
download | glibc-b5344eca1895da9192fb4b9c2c470a40e41dda03.zip glibc-b5344eca1895da9192fb4b9c2c470a40e41dda03.tar.gz glibc-b5344eca1895da9192fb4b9c2c470a40e41dda03.tar.bz2 |
Add a testcase for copy reloc against protected data
Linkers in some versions of binutils 2.25 and 2.26 don't support protected
data symbol with error messsage like:
/usr/bin/ld: copy reloc against protected `bar' is invalid
/usr/bin/ld: failed to set dynamic section sizes: Bad value
We check if linker supports copy reloc against protected data symbol to
avoid running the test if linker is broken.
Cherry-pick from master: 83569fb894050db7430047da2219ca50c68f882a
[BZ #17711]
* config.make.in (have-protected-data): New.
* configure.ac: Check linker support for protected data symbol.
* configure: Regenerated.
* elf/Makefile (modules-names): Add tst-protected1moda and
tst-protected1modb if $(have-protected-data) is yes.
(tests): Add tst-protected1a and tst-protected1b if
$(have-protected-data) is yes.
($(objpfx)tst-protected1a): New.
($(objpfx)tst-protected1b): Likewise.
(tst-protected1modb.so-no-z-defs): Likewise.
* elf/tst-protected1a.c: New file.
* elf/tst-protected1b.c: Likewise.
* elf/tst-protected1mod.h: Likewise.
* elf/tst-protected1moda.c: Likewise.
* elf/tst-protected1modb.c: Likewise.
-rw-r--r-- | config.make.in | 1 | ||||
-rwxr-xr-x | configure | 40 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | configure.ac | 23 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | elf/Makefile | 7 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | elf/tst-protected1a.c | 236 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | elf/tst-protected1b.c | 242 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | elf/tst-protected1mod.h | 41 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | elf/tst-protected1moda.c | 92 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | elf/tst-protected1modb.c | 62 |
9 files changed, 744 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/config.make.in b/config.make.in index b5308d8..88cfff2 100644 --- a/config.make.in +++ b/config.make.in @@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ all-warnings = @all_warnings@ have-z-combreloc = @libc_cv_z_combreloc@ have-z-execstack = @libc_cv_z_execstack@ have-Bgroup = @libc_cv_Bgroup@ +have-protected-data = @libc_cv_protected_data@ with-fp = @with_fp@ old-glibc-headers = @old_glibc_headers@ unwind-find-fde = @libc_cv_gcc_unwind_find_fde@ @@ -613,6 +613,7 @@ libc_cv_z_combreloc ASFLAGS_config libc_cv_Bgroup libc_cv_cc_with_libunwind +libc_cv_protected_data BISON INSTALL_INFO PERL @@ -5751,6 +5752,45 @@ $as_echo "$libc_cv_visibility_attribute" >&6; } fi if test $libc_cv_visibility_attribute = yes; then + { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking linker support for protected data symbol" >&5 +$as_echo_n "checking linker support for protected data symbol... " >&6; } +if ${libc_cv_protected_data+:} false; then : + $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6 +else + cat > conftest.c <<EOF + int bar __attribute__ ((visibility ("protected"))) = 1; +EOF + libc_cv_protected_data=no + if { ac_try='${CC-cc} -nostdlib -nostartfiles -fPIC -shared conftest.c -o conftest.so' + { { eval echo "\"\$as_me\":${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \"$ac_try\""; } >&5 + (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 + ac_status=$? + $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 + test $ac_status = 0; }; }; then + cat > conftest.c <<EOF + extern int bar; + int main (void) { return bar; } +EOF + if { ac_try='${CC-cc} -nostdlib -nostartfiles conftest.c -o conftest conftest.so' + { { eval echo "\"\$as_me\":${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \"$ac_try\""; } >&5 + (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 + ac_status=$? + $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 + test $ac_status = 0; }; }; then + libc_cv_protected_data=yes + fi + fi + rm -f conftest.* + +fi +{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $libc_cv_protected_data" >&5 +$as_echo "$libc_cv_protected_data" >&6; } +else + libc_cv_protected_data=no +fi + + +if test $libc_cv_visibility_attribute = yes; then { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for broken __attribute__((visibility()))" >&5 $as_echo_n "checking for broken __attribute__((visibility()))... " >&6; } if ${libc_cv_broken_visibility_attribute+:} false; then : diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac index f3dd87d..928b9df 100644 --- a/configure.ac +++ b/configure.ac @@ -1278,6 +1278,29 @@ EOF fi if test $libc_cv_visibility_attribute = yes; then + AC_CACHE_CHECK(linker support for protected data symbol, + libc_cv_protected_data, + [cat > conftest.c <<EOF + int bar __attribute__ ((visibility ("protected"))) = 1; +EOF + libc_cv_protected_data=no + if AC_TRY_COMMAND(${CC-cc} -nostdlib -nostartfiles -fPIC -shared conftest.c -o conftest.so); then + cat > conftest.c <<EOF + extern int bar; + int main (void) { return bar; } +EOF + if AC_TRY_COMMAND(${CC-cc} -nostdlib -nostartfiles conftest.c -o conftest conftest.so); then + libc_cv_protected_data=yes + fi + fi + rm -f conftest.* + ]) +else + libc_cv_protected_data=no +fi +AC_SUBST(libc_cv_protected_data) + +if test $libc_cv_visibility_attribute = yes; then AC_CACHE_CHECK(for broken __attribute__((visibility())), libc_cv_broken_visibility_attribute, [cat > conftest.c <<EOF diff --git a/elf/Makefile b/elf/Makefile index b9da0b8..83bfd9b 100644 --- a/elf/Makefile +++ b/elf/Makefile @@ -212,6 +212,13 @@ modules-names = testobj1 testobj2 testobj3 testobj4 testobj5 testobj6 \ tst-initorder2d \ tst-relsort1mod1 tst-relsort1mod2 tst-array2dep \ tst-array5dep tst-null-argv-lib +ifeq (yes,$(have-protected-data)) +modules-names += tst-protected1moda tst-protected1modb +tests += tst-protected1a tst-protected1b +$(objpfx)tst-protected1a: $(addprefix $(objpfx),tst-protected1moda.so tst-protected1modb.so) +$(objpfx)tst-protected1b: $(addprefix $(objpfx),tst-protected1modb.so tst-protected1moda.so) +tst-protected1modb.so-no-z-defs = yes +endif ifeq (yesyes,$(have-fpie)$(build-shared)) modules-names += tst-piemod1 tests += tst-pie1 diff --git a/elf/tst-protected1a.c b/elf/tst-protected1a.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4e7689 --- /dev/null +++ b/elf/tst-protected1a.c @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +/* Test the protected visibility when main is linked with moda and modb + in that order: + 1. Protected symbols, protected1, protected2 and protected3, defined + in moda, are used in moda. + 2. Protected symbol, protected3, defined in modb, are used in modb. + 3. Symbol, protected1, defined in moda, is also used in main and modb. + 4. Symbol, protected2, defined in main, is used in main. + 5. Symbol, protected3, defined in moda, is also used in main. + + Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + This file is part of the GNU C Library. + + The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public + License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either + version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU + Lesser General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public + License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see + <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */ + +/* This file must be compiled as PIE to avoid copy relocation when + accessing protected symbols defined in shared libaries since copy + relocation doesn't work with protected symbols and linker in + binutils 2.26 enforces this rule. */ + +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> + +#include "tst-protected1mod.h" + +/* Prototype for our test function. */ +extern int do_test (void); + +int protected2 = -1; + +#define TEST_FUNCTION do_test () + +/* This defines the `main' function and some more. */ +#include <test-skeleton.c> + +int +do_test (void) +{ + int res = 0; + + /* Check if we get the same address for the protected data symbol. */ + if (&protected1 != protected1a_p ()) + { + puts ("`protected1' in main and moda doesn't have same address"); + res = 1; + } + if (&protected1 != protected1b_p ()) + { + puts ("`protected1' in main and modb doesn't have same address"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the right value for the protected data symbol. */ + if (protected1 != 3) + { + puts ("`protected1' in main and moda doesn't have same value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the right value for data defined in executable. */ + if (protected2 != -1) + { + puts ("`protected2' in main has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check `protected1' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected1 ()) + { + puts ("`protected1' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check `protected2' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected2 ()) + { + puts ("`protected2' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the same address for the protected data symbol. */ + if (&protected3 != protected3a_p ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in main and moda doesn't have same address"); + res = 1; + } + if (&protected3 == protected3b_p ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in main and modb has same address"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the right value for the protected data symbol. */ + if (protected3 != 5) + { + puts ("`protected3' in main and moda doesn't have same value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check `protected3' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected3a ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check `protected3' in modb. */ + if (!check_protected3b ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in modb has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Set `protected2' in moda to 30. */ + set_protected2 (300); + + /* Check `protected2' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected2 ()) + { + puts ("`protected2' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Set `protected1' in moda to 30. */ + set_protected1a (30); + + /* Check `protected1' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected1 ()) + { + puts ("`protected1' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the updated value for the protected data symbol. */ + if (protected1 != 30) + { + puts ("`protected1' in main doesn't have the updated value"); + res = 1; + } + + protected2 = -300; + + /* Check `protected2' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected2 ()) + { + puts ("`protected2' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if data defined in executable is changed. */ + if (protected2 != -300) + { + puts ("`protected2' in main is changed"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Set `protected1' in modb to 40. */ + set_protected1b (40); + set_expected_protected1 (40); + + /* Check `protected1' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected1 ()) + { + puts ("`protected1' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the updated value for the protected data symbol. */ + if (protected1 != 40) + { + puts ("`protected1' in main doesn't have the updated value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Set `protected3' in moda to 80. */ + set_protected3a (80); + + /* Check `protected3' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected3a ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the updated value for the protected data symbol. */ + if (protected3 != 80) + { + puts ("`protected3' in main doesn't have the updated value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check `protected3' in modb. */ + if (!check_protected3b ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in modb has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Set `protected3' in modb to 100. */ + set_protected3b (100); + + /* Check `protected3' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected3a ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the updated value for the protected data symbol. */ + if (protected3 != 80) + { + puts ("`protected3' in main doesn't have the updated value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check `protected3' in modb. */ + if (!check_protected3b ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in modb has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + return res; +} diff --git a/elf/tst-protected1b.c b/elf/tst-protected1b.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56352c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/elf/tst-protected1b.c @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ +/* Test the protected visibility when main is linked with modb and moda + in that order: + 1. Protected symbols, protected1, protected2 and protected3, defined + in moda, are used in moda. + 2. Protected symbol, protected3, defined in modb, are used in modb + 3. Symbol, protected1, defined in modb, is used in main and modb. + 4. Symbol, protected2, defined in main, is used in main. + 5. Symbol, protected3, defined in modb, is also used in main. + + Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + This file is part of the GNU C Library. + + The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public + License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either + version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU + Lesser General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public + License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see + <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */ + +/* This file must be compiled as PIE to avoid copy relocation when + accessing protected symbols defined in shared libaries since copy + relocation doesn't work with protected symbols and linker in + binutils 2.26 enforces this rule. */ + +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> + +#include "tst-protected1mod.h" + +/* Prototype for our test function. */ +extern int do_test (void); + +int protected2 = -1; + +#define TEST_FUNCTION do_test () + +/* This defines the `main' function and some more. */ +#include <test-skeleton.c> + +int +do_test (void) +{ + int res = 0; + + /* Check if we get the same address for the protected data symbol. */ + if (&protected1 == protected1a_p ()) + { + puts ("`protected1' in main and moda has same address"); + res = 1; + } + if (&protected1 != protected1b_p ()) + { + puts ("`protected1' in main and modb doesn't have same address"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the right value for the protected data symbol. */ + if (protected1 != -3) + { + puts ("`protected1' in main and modb doesn't have same value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the right value for data defined in executable. */ + if (protected2 != -1) + { + puts ("`protected2' in main has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check `protected1' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected1 ()) + { + puts ("`protected1' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check `protected2' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected2 ()) + { + puts ("`protected2' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the same address for the protected data symbol. */ + if (&protected3 == protected3a_p ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in main and moda has same address"); + res = 1; + } + if (&protected3 != protected3b_p ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in main and modb doesn't have same address"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the right value for the protected data symbol. */ + if (protected3 != -5) + { + puts ("`protected3' in main and modb doesn't have same value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check `protected3' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected3a ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check `protected3' in modb. */ + if (!check_protected3b ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in modb has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Set `protected2' in moda to 30. */ + set_protected2 (300); + + /* Check `protected2' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected2 ()) + { + puts ("`protected2' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the right value for data defined in executable. */ + if (protected2 != -1) + { + puts ("`protected2' in main has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Set `protected1' in moda to 30. */ + set_protected1a (30); + + /* Check `protected1' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected1 ()) + { + puts ("`protected1' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the same value for the protected data symbol. */ + if (protected1 != -3) + { + puts ("`protected1' in main has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + protected2 = -300; + + /* Check `protected2' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected2 ()) + { + puts ("`protected2' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if data defined in executable is changed. */ + if (protected2 != -300) + { + puts ("`protected2' in main is changed"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Set `protected1' in modb to 40. */ + set_protected1b (40); + + /* Check `protected1' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected1 ()) + { + puts ("`protected1' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the updated value for the protected data symbol. */ + if (protected1 != 40) + { + puts ("`protected1' in main doesn't have the updated value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Set `protected3' in moda to 80. */ + set_protected3a (80); + + /* Check `protected3' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected3a ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the updated value for the protected data symbol. */ + if (protected3 != -5) + { + puts ("`protected3' in main doesn't have the updated value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check `protected3' in modb. */ + if (!check_protected3b ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in modb has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Set `protected3' in modb to 100. */ + set_protected3b (100); + + /* Check `protected3' in moda. */ + if (!check_protected3a ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in moda has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check if we get the updated value for the protected data symbol. */ + if (protected3 != 100) + { + puts ("`protected3' in main doesn't have the updated value"); + res = 1; + } + + /* Check `protected3' in modb. */ + if (!check_protected3b ()) + { + puts ("`protected3' in modb has the wrong value"); + res = 1; + } + + return res; +} diff --git a/elf/tst-protected1mod.h b/elf/tst-protected1mod.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..301e019 --- /dev/null +++ b/elf/tst-protected1mod.h @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + This file is part of the GNU C Library. + + The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public + License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either + version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU + Lesser General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public + License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see + <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */ + +/* Prototypes for the functions in the DSOs. */ +extern int protected1; +extern int protected2; +extern int protected3; + +extern void set_protected1a (int); +extern void set_protected1b (int); +extern int *protected1a_p (void); +extern int *protected1b_p (void); + +extern void set_expected_protected1 (int); +extern int check_protected1 (void); + +extern void set_protected2 (int); +extern int check_protected2 (void); + +extern void set_expected_protected3a (int); +extern void set_protected3a (int); +extern int check_protected3a (void); +extern int *protected3a_p (void); +extern void set_expected_protected3b (int); +extern void set_protected3b (int); +extern int check_protected3b (void); +extern int *protected3b_p (void); diff --git a/elf/tst-protected1moda.c b/elf/tst-protected1moda.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..720f474 --- /dev/null +++ b/elf/tst-protected1moda.c @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + This file is part of the GNU C Library. + + The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public + License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either + version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU + Lesser General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public + License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see + <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */ + +#include "tst-protected1mod.h" + +int protected1 = 3; +static int expected_protected1 = 3; +int protected2 = 4; +static int expected_protected2 = 4; +int protected3 = 5; +static int expected_protected3 = 5; + +asm (".protected protected1"); +asm (".protected protected2"); +asm (".protected protected3"); + +void +set_protected1a (int i) +{ + protected1 = i; + set_expected_protected1 (i); +} + +void +set_expected_protected1 (int i) +{ + expected_protected1 = i; +} + +int * +protected1a_p (void) +{ + return &protected1; +} + +int +check_protected1 (void) +{ + return protected1 == expected_protected1; +} + +void +set_protected2 (int i) +{ + protected2 = i; + expected_protected2 = i; +} + +int +check_protected2 (void) +{ + return protected2 == expected_protected2; +} + +void +set_expected_protected3a (int i) +{ + expected_protected3 = i; +} + +void +set_protected3a (int i) +{ + protected3 = i; + set_expected_protected3a (i); +} + +int +check_protected3a (void) +{ + return protected3 == expected_protected3; +} + +int * +protected3a_p (void) +{ + return &protected3; +} diff --git a/elf/tst-protected1modb.c b/elf/tst-protected1modb.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ddfa646 --- /dev/null +++ b/elf/tst-protected1modb.c @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + This file is part of the GNU C Library. + + The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public + License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either + version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU + Lesser General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public + License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see + <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */ + +#include <stdlib.h> +#include "tst-protected1mod.h" + +int protected1 = -3; +int protected3 = -5; +static int expected_protected3 = -5; + +asm (".protected protected3"); + +void +set_protected1b (int i) +{ + protected1 = i; +} + +int * +protected1b_p (void) +{ + return &protected1; +} + +void +set_expected_protected3b (int i) +{ + expected_protected3 = i; +} + +void +set_protected3b (int i) +{ + protected3 = i; + set_expected_protected3b (i); +} + +int +check_protected3b (void) +{ + return protected3 == expected_protected3; +} + +int * +protected3b_p (void) +{ + return &protected3; +} |