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+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+NNAAMMEE
+ readline - get a line from a user with editing
+
+SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
+ ##iinncclluuddee <<rreeaaddlliinnee..hh>>
+ ##iinncclluuddee <<hhiissttoorryy..hh>>
+
+ cchhaarr **rreeaaddlliinnee ((pprroommpptt))
+ cchhaarr **pprroommpptt;;
+
+CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT
+ Readline is Copyright (C) 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1996 by
+ the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
+ rreeaaddlliinnee will read a line from the terminal and return it,
+ using pprroommpptt as a prompt. If pprroommpptt is null, no prompt is
+ issued. The line returned is allocated with _m_a_l_l_o_c(3), so
+ the caller must free it when finished. The line returned
+ has the final newline removed, so only the text of the
+ line remains.
+
+ rreeaaddlliinnee offers editing capabilities while the user is
+ entering the line. By default, the line editing commands
+ are similar to those of emacs. A vi-style line editing
+ interface is also available.
+
+RREETTUURRNN VVAALLUUEE
+ rreeaaddlliinnee returns the text of the line read. A blank line
+ returns the empty string. If EEOOFF is encountered while
+ reading a line, and the line is empty, NNUULLLL is returned.
+ If an EEOOFF is read with a non-empty line, it is treated as
+ a newline.
+
+NNOOTTAATTIIOONN
+ An emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes.
+ Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Con-
+ trol-N. Similarly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x
+ means Meta-X. (On keyboards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means
+ ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This
+ makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x means
+ ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Con-
+ trol key while pressing the _x key.)
+
+ Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which
+ normally act as a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is
+ the sign of the argument that is significant. Passing a
+ negative argument to a command that acts in the forward
+ direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to act in
+ a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with argu-
+ ments deviates from this are noted.
+
+ When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text
+ deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g).
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 1
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l _r_i_n_g. Consecutive
+ kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit,
+ which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not
+ kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring.
+
+IINNIITTIIAALLIIZZAATTIIOONN FFIILLEE
+ Readline is customized by putting commands in an initial-
+ ization file (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is
+ taken from the value of the IINNPPUUTTRRCC environment variable.
+ If that variable is unset, the default is _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c.
+ When a program which uses the readline library starts up,
+ the init file is read, and the key bindings and variables
+ are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in
+ the readline init file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines
+ beginning with a ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$
+ indicate conditional constructs. Other lines denote key
+ bindings and variable settings. Each program using this
+ library may add its own commands and bindings.
+
+ For example, placing
+
+ M-Control-u: universal-argument
+ or
+ C-Meta-u: universal-argument
+ into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline
+ command _u_n_i_v_e_r_s_a_l_-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t.
+
+ The following symbolic character names are recognized
+ while processing key bindings: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_-
+ _L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B. In addition to
+ command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
+ string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o).
+
+
+ KKeeyy BBiinnddiinnggss
+ The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c
+ file is simple. All that is required is the name of the
+ command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which
+ it should be bound. The name may be specified in one of
+ two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a_- or
+ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_- prefixes, or as a key sequence. When using the
+ form kkeeyynnaammee:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, _k_e_y_n_a_m_e is the name
+ of a key spelled out in English. For example:
+
+ Control-u: universal-argument
+ Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
+ Control-o: ">&output"
+
+ In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerr--
+ ssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckk--
+ wwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to run the macro
+ expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
+ text _>_&_o_u_t_p_u_t into the line).
+
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 2
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyy--
+ sseeqq differs from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an
+ entire key sequence may be specified by placing the
+ sequence within double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key
+ escapes can be used, as in the following example.
+
+ "\C-u": universal-argument
+ "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file
+ "\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
+
+ In this example, _C_-_u is again bound to the function uunnii--
+ vveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt. _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function
+ rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is bound to insert the
+ text FFuunnccttiioonn KKeeyy 11. The full set of GNU Emacs style
+ escape sequences is
+ \\CC-- control prefix
+ \\MM-- meta prefix
+ \\ee an escape character
+ \\\\ backslash
+ \\"" literal "
+ \\'' literal '
+
+ In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a
+ second set of backslash escapes is available:
+ \\aa alert (bell)
+ \\bb backspace
+ \\dd delete
+ \\ff form feed
+ \\nn newline
+ \\rr carriage return
+ \\tt horizontal tab
+ \\vv vertical tab
+ \\_n_n_n the character whose ASCII code is the octal
+ value _n_n_n (one to three digits)
+ \\xx_n_n_n the character whose ASCII code is the hex-
+ adecimal value _n_n_n (one to three digits)
+
+ When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes
+ should be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted
+ text is assumed to be a function name. In the macro body,
+ the backslash escapes described above are expanded. Back-
+ slash will quote any other character in the macro text,
+ including " and '.
+
+ BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be dis-
+ played or modified with the bbiinndd builtin command. The
+ editing mode may be switched during interactive use by
+ using the --oo option to the sseett builtin command. Other
+ programs using this library provide similar mechanisms.
+ The _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file may be edited and re-read if a program
+ does not provide any other means to incorporate new bind-
+ ings.
+
+
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 3
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ VVaarriiaabblleess
+ Readline has variables that can be used to further cus-
+ tomize its behavior. A variable may be set in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c
+ file with a statement of the form
+
+ sseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e
+
+ Except where noted, readline variables can take the values
+ OOnn or OOffff. The variables and their default values are:
+
+ bbeellll--ssttyyllee ((aauuddiibbllee))
+ Controls what happens when readline wants to ring
+ the terminal bell. If set to nnoonnee, readline never
+ rings the bell. If set to vviissiibbllee, readline uses a
+ visible bell if one is available. If set to aauuddii--
+ bbllee, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
+ ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn ((````##''''))
+ The string that is inserted in vvii mode when the
+ iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt command is executed. This command
+ is bound to MM--## in emacs mode and to ## in vi com-
+ mand mode.
+ ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff))
+ If set to OOnn, readline performs filename matching
+ and completion in a case-insensitive fashion.
+ ccoommpplleettiioonn--qquueerryy--iitteemmss ((110000))
+ This determines when the user is queried about
+ viewing the number of possible completions gener-
+ ated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss command. It may
+ be set to any integer value greater than or equal
+ to zero. If the number of possible completions is
+ greater than or equal to the value of this vari-
+ able, the user is asked whether or not he wishes to
+ view them; otherwise they are simply listed on the
+ terminal.
+ ccoonnvveerrtt--mmeettaa ((OOnn))
+ If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with
+ the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by
+ stripping the eighth bit and prepending an escape
+ character (in effect, using escape as the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_-
+ _f_i_x).
+ ddiissaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonn ((OOffff))
+ If set to OOnn, readline will inhibit word comple-
+ tion. Completion characters will be inserted into
+ the line as if they had been mapped to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt.
+ eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((eemmaaccss))
+ Controls whether readline begins with a set of key
+ bindings similar to _e_m_a_c_s or _v_i. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee can
+ be set to either eemmaaccss or vvii.
+ eennaabbllee--kkeeyyppaadd ((OOffff))
+ When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable the
+ application keypad when it is called. Some systems
+ need this to enable the arrow keys.
+ eexxppaanndd--ttiillddee ((OOffff))
+ If set to oonn, tilde expansion is performed when
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 4
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ readline attempts word completion.
+ hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssccrroollll--mmooddee ((OOffff))
+ When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line
+ for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a
+ single screen line when it becomes longer than the
+ screen width rather than wrapping to a new line.
+ kkeeyymmaapp ((eemmaaccss))
+ Set the current readline keymap. The set of legal
+ keymap names is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_,
+ _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t.
+ _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent
+ to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the
+ value of eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee also affects the default
+ keymap.
+ mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOnn))
+ If set to OOnn, complete<d directory names have a
+ slash appended.
+ mmaarrkk--mmooddiiffiieedd--lliinneess ((OOffff))
+ If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified
+ are displayed with a preceding asterisk (**).
+ mmeettaa--ffllaagg ((OOffff))
+ If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input
+ (that is, it will not strip the high bit from the
+ characters it reads), regardless of what the termi-
+ nal claims it can support.
+ oouuttppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff))
+ If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with
+ the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-
+ prefixed escape sequence.
+ pprriinntt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss--hhoorriizzoonnttaallllyy ((OOffff))
+ If set to OOnn, readline will display completions
+ with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical
+ order, rather than down the screen.
+ sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss ((OOffff))
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion
+ functions. If set to oonn, words which have more
+ than one possible completion cause the matches to
+ be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.
+ vviissiibbllee--ssttaattss ((OOffff))
+ If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as
+ reported by ssttaatt(2) is appended to the filename
+ when listing possible completions.
+
+ CCoonnddiittiioonnaall CCoonnssttrruuccttss
+ Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the
+ conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor
+ which allows key bindings and variable settings to be per-
+ formed as the result of tests. There are four parser
+ directives used.
+
+ $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based
+ on the editing mode, the terminal being used, or
+ the application using readline. The text of the
+ test extends to the end of the line; no characters
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 5
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ are required to isolate it.
+
+ mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used
+ to test whether readline is in emacs or vi
+ mode. This may be used in conjunction with
+ the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for instance, to set
+ bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and _e_m_a_c_s_-
+ _c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting
+ out in emacs mode.
+
+ tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include termi-
+ nal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind
+ the key sequences output by the terminal's
+ function keys. The word on the right side
+ of the == is tested against the full name of
+ the terminal and the portion of the terminal
+ name before the first --. This allows _s_u_n to
+ match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, for instance.
+
+ aapppplliiccaattiioonn
+ The aapppplliiccaattiioonn construct is used to include
+ application-specific settings. Each program
+ using the readline library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_-
+ _t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization file can
+ test for a particular value. This could be
+ used to bind key sequences to functions use-
+ ful for a specific program. For instance,
+ the following command adds a key sequence
+ that quotes the current or previous word in
+ Bash:
+
+ $$iiff bash
+ # Quote the current or previous word
+ "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
+ $$eennddiiff
+
+ $$eennddiiff This command, as seen in the previous example, ter-
+ minates an $$iiff command.
+
+ $$eellssee Commands in this branch of the $$iiff directive are
+ executed if the test fails.
+
+ $$iinncclluuddee
+ This directive takes a single filename as an argu-
+ ment and reads commands and bindings from that
+ file. For example, the following directive would
+ read _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c:
+
+ $$iinncclluuddee _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c
+
+SSEEAARRCCHHIINNGG
+ Readline provides commands for searching through the com-
+ mand history for lines containing a specified string.
+ There are two search modes: _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l and _n_o_n_-
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 6
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l.
+
+ Incremental searches begin before the user has finished
+ typing the search string. As each character of the search
+ string is typed, readline displays the next entry from the
+ history matching the string typed so far. An incremental
+ search requires only as many characters as needed to find
+ the desired history entry. The Escape character is used
+ to terminate an incremental search. Control-J will also
+ terminate the search. Control-G will abort an incremental
+ search and restore the original line. When the search is
+ terminated, the history entry containing the search string
+ becomes the current line. To find other matching entries
+ in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R as appro-
+ priate. This will search backward or forward in the his-
+ tory for the next line matching the search string typed so
+ far. Any other key sequence bound to a readline command
+ will terminate the search and execute that command. For
+ instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will terminate the search and accept
+ the line, thereby executing the command from the history
+ list.
+
+ Non-incremental searches read the entire search string
+ before starting to search for matching history lines. The
+ search string may be typed by the user or be part of the
+ contents of the current line.
+
+EEDDIITTIINNGG CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
+ The following is a list of the names of the commands and
+ the default key sequences to which they are bound. Com-
+ mand names without an accompanying key sequence are
+ unbound by default.
+
+ CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMoovviinngg
+ bbeeggiinnnniinngg--ooff--lliinnee ((CC--aa))
+ Move to the start of the current line.
+ eenndd--ooff--lliinnee ((CC--ee))
+ Move to the end of the line.
+ ffoorrwwaarrdd--cchhaarr ((CC--ff))
+ Move forward a character.
+ bbaacckkwwaarrdd--cchhaarr ((CC--bb))
+ Move back a character.
+ ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd ((MM--ff))
+ Move forward to the end of the next word. Words
+ are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters
+ and digits).
+ bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd ((MM--bb))
+ Move back to the start of this, or the previous,
+ word. Words are composed of alphanumeric charac-
+ ters (letters and digits).
+ cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll))
+ Clear the screen leaving the current line at the
+ top of the screen. With an argument, refresh the
+ current line without clearing the screen.
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 7
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ rreeddrraaww--ccuurrrreenntt--lliinnee
+ Refresh the current line.
+
+ CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMaanniippuullaattiinngg tthhee HHiissttoorryy
+ aacccceepptt--lliinnee ((NNeewwlliinnee,, RReettuurrnn))
+ Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is.
+ If this line is non-empty, add it to the history
+ list. If the line is a modified history line, then
+ restore the history line to its original state.
+ pprreevviioouuss--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--pp))
+ Fetch the previous command from the history list,
+ moving back in the list.
+ nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--nn))
+ Fetch the next command from the history list, mov-
+ ing forward in the list.
+ bbeeggiinnnniinngg--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--<<))
+ Move to the first line in the history.
+ eenndd--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM-->>))
+ Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the
+ line currently being entered.
+ rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--rr))
+ Search backward starting at the current line and
+ moving `up' through the history as necessary. This
+ is an incremental search.
+ ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--ss))
+ Search forward starting at the current line and
+ moving `down' through the history as necessary.
+ This is an incremental search.
+ nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--pp))
+ Search backward through the history starting at the
+ current line using a non-incremental search for a
+ string supplied by the user.
+ nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--nn))
+ Search forward through the history using a non-
+ incremental search for a string supplied by the
+ user.
+ hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd
+ Search forward through the history for the string
+ of characters between the start of the current line
+ and the current cursor position (the _p_o_i_n_t). This
+ is a non-incremental search.
+ hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd
+ Search backward through the history for the string
+ of characters between the start of the current line
+ and the point. This is a non-incremental search.
+ yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg ((MM--CC--yy))
+ Insert the first argument to the previous command
+ (usually the second word on the previous line) at
+ point (the current cursor position). With an argu-
+ ment _n, insert the _nth word from the previous com-
+ mand (the words in the previous command begin with
+ word 0). A negative argument inserts the _nth word
+ from the end of the previous command.
+
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 8
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg ((MM--..,, MM--__))
+ Insert the last argument to the previous command
+ (the last word of the previous history entry).
+ With an argument, behave exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg.
+ Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg move back through
+ the history list, inserting the last argument of
+ each line in turn.
+
+ CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr CChhaannggiinngg TTeexxtt
+ ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((CC--dd))
+ Delete the character under the cursor. If point is
+ at the beginning of the line, there are no charac-
+ ters in the line, and the last character typed was
+ not bound to BBddeelleettee--cchhaarr, then return EEOOFF.
+ bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((RRuubboouutt))
+ Delete the character behind the cursor. When given
+ a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the
+ kill ring.
+ qquuootteedd--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--qq,, CC--vv))
+ Add the next character that you type to the line
+ verbatim. This is how to insert characters like
+ CC--qq, for example.
+ ttaabb--iinnsseerrtt ((MM--TTAABB))
+ Insert a tab character.
+ sseellff--iinnsseerrtt ((aa,, bb,, AA,, 11,, !!,, ......))
+ Insert the character typed.
+ ttrraannssppoossee--cchhaarrss ((CC--tt))
+ Drag the character before point forward over the
+ character at point. Point moves forward as well.
+ If point is at the end of the line, then transpose
+ the two characters before point. Negative argu-
+ ments don't work.
+ ttrraannssppoossee--wwoorrddss ((MM--tt))
+ Drag the word behind the cursor past the word in
+ front of the cursor moving the cursor over that
+ word as well.
+ uuppccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--uu))
+ Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a
+ negative argument, uppercase the previous word, but
+ do not move point.
+ ddoowwnnccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--ll))
+ Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a
+ negative argument, lowercase the previous word, but
+ do not move point.
+ ccaappiittaalliizzee--wwoorrdd ((MM--cc))
+ Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a
+ negative argument, capitalize the previous word,
+ but do not move point.
+
+ KKiilllliinngg aanndd YYaannkkiinngg
+ kkiillll--lliinnee ((CC--kk))
+ Kill the text from the current cursor position to
+ the end of the line.
+
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 9
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--lliinnee ((CC--xx RRuubboouutt))
+ Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
+ uunniixx--lliinnee--ddiissccaarrdd ((CC--uu))
+ Kill backward from point to the beginning of the
+ line. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
+ kkiillll--wwhhoollee--lliinnee
+ Kill all characters on the current line, no matter
+ where the cursor is.
+ kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd))
+ Kill from the cursor to the end of the current
+ word, or if between words, to the end of the next
+ word. Word boundaries are the same as those used
+ by ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd.
+ bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt))
+ Kill the word behind the cursor. Word boundaries
+ are the same as those used by bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd.
+ uunniixx--wwoorrdd--rruubboouutt ((CC--ww))
+ Kill the word behind the cursor, using white space
+ as a word boundary. The word boundaries are dif-
+ ferent from bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd.
+ ddeelleettee--hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssppaaccee ((MM--\\))
+ Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
+ kkiillll--rreeggiioonn
+ Kill the text between the point and _m_a_r_k (saved
+ cursor position). This text is referred to as the
+ _r_e_g_i_o_n.
+ ccooppyy--rreeggiioonn--aass--kkiillll
+ Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer.
+ ccooppyy--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd
+ Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The
+ word boundaries are the same as bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd.
+ ccooppyy--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd
+ Copy the word following point to the kill buffer.
+ The word boundaries are the same as ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd.
+ yyaannkk ((CC--yy))
+ Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at
+ the cursor.
+ yyaannkk--ppoopp ((MM--yy))
+ Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only
+ works following yyaannkk or yyaannkk--ppoopp.
+
+ NNuummeerriicc AArrgguummeennttss
+ ddiiggiitt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--00,, MM--11,, ......,, MM----))
+ Add this digit to the argument already accumulat-
+ ing, or start a new argument. M-- starts a nega-
+ tive argument.
+ uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt
+ This is another way to specify an argument. If
+ this command is followed by one or more digits,
+ optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits
+ define the argument. If the command is followed by
+ digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the
+ numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a
+ special case, if this command is immediately
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 10
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ followed by a character that is neither a digit or
+ minus sign, the argument count for the next command
+ is multiplied by four. The argument count is ini-
+ tially one, so executing this function the first
+ time makes the argument count four, a second time
+ makes the argument count sixteen, and so on.
+
+ CCoommpplleettiinngg
+ ccoommpplleettee ((TTAABB))
+ Attempt to perform completion on the text before
+ point. The actual completion performed is applica-
+ tion-specific. BBaasshh, for instance, attempts com-
+ pletion treating the text as a variable (if the
+ text begins with $$), username (if the text begins
+ with ~~), hostname (if the text begins with @@), or
+ command (including aliases and functions) in turn.
+ If none of these produces a match, filename comple-
+ tion is attempted. GGddbb, on the other hand, allows
+ completion of program functions and variables, and
+ only attempts filename completion under certain
+ circumstances.
+ ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--??))
+ List the possible completions of the text before
+ point.
+ iinnsseerrtt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--**))
+ Insert all completions of the text before point
+ that would have been generated by ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee--
+ ttiioonnss.
+ mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee
+ Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be
+ completed with a single match from the list of pos-
+ sible completions. Repeated execution of mmeennuu--ccoomm--
+ pplleettee steps through the list of possible comple-
+ tions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of
+ the list of completions, the bell is rung and the
+ original text is restored. An argument of _n moves
+ _n positions forward in the list of matches; a nega-
+ tive argument may be used to move backward through
+ the list. This command is intended to be bound to
+ TTAABB, but is unbound by default.
+
+ KKeeyybbooaarrdd MMaaccrrooss
+ ssttaarrtt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx (())
+ Begin saving the characters typed into the current
+ keyboard macro.
+ eenndd--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx ))))
+ Stop saving the characters typed into the current
+ keyboard macro and store the definition.
+ ccaallll--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx ee))
+ Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by mak-
+ ing the characters in the macro appear as if typed
+ at the keyboard.
+
+
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 11
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss
+ rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee ((CC--xx CC--rr))
+ Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and
+ incorporate any bindings or variable assignments
+ found there.
+ aabboorrtt ((CC--gg))
+ Abort the current editing command and ring the ter-
+ minal's bell (subject to the setting of
+ bbeellll--ssttyyllee).
+ ddoo--uuppppeerrccaassee--vveerrssiioonn ((MM--aa,, MM--bb,, MM--_x,, ......))
+ If the metafied character _x is lowercase, run the
+ command that is bound to the corresponding upper-
+ case character.
+ pprreeffiixx--mmeettaa ((EESSCC))
+ Metafy the next character typed. EESSCC ff is equiva-
+ lent to MMeettaa--ff.
+ uunnddoo ((CC--__,, CC--xx CC--uu))
+ Incremental undo, separately remembered for each
+ line.
+ rreevveerrtt--lliinnee ((MM--rr))
+ Undo all changes made to this line. This is like
+ executing the uunnddoo command enough times to return
+ the line to its initial state.
+ ttiillddee--eexxppaanndd ((MM--~~))
+ Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
+ sseett--mmaarrkk ((CC--@@,, MM--<<ssppaaccee>>))
+ Set the mark to the current point. If a numeric
+ argument is supplied, the mark is set to that posi-
+ tion.
+ eexxcchhaannggee--ppooiinntt--aanndd--mmaarrkk ((CC--xx CC--xx))
+ Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor
+ position is set to the saved position, and the old
+ cursor position is saved as the mark.
+ cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh ((CC--]]))
+ A character is read and point is moved to the next
+ occurrence of that character. A negative count
+ searches for previous occurrences.
+ cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd ((MM--CC--]]))
+ A character is read and point is moved to the pre-
+ vious occurrence of that character. A negative
+ count searches for subsequent occurrences.
+ iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt ((MM--##))
+ The value of the readline ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is
+ inserted at the beginning of the current line, and
+ the line is accepted as if a newline had been
+ typed. This makes the current line a shell com-
+ ment.
+ dduummpp--ffuunnccttiioonnss
+ Print all of the functions and their key bindings
+ to the readline output stream. If a numeric argu-
+ ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a
+ way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file.
+ dduummpp--vvaarriiaabblleess
+ Print all of the settable variables and their
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 12
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ values to the readline output stream. If a numeric
+ argument is supplied, the output is formatted in
+ such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c
+ file.
+ dduummpp--mmaaccrrooss
+ Print all of the readline key sequences bound to
+ macros and the strings they ouput. If a numeric
+ argument is supplied, the output is formatted in
+ such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c
+ file.
+ eemmaaccss--eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((CC--ee))
+ When in vvii editing mode, this causes a switch to
+ eemmaaccss editing mode.
+ vvii--eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((MM--CC--jj))
+ When in eemmaaccss editing mode, this causes a switch to
+ vvii editing mode.
+
+DDEEFFAAUULLTT KKEEYY BBIINNDDIINNGGSS
+ The following is a list of the default emacs and vi bind-
+ ings. Characters with the 8th bit set are written as
+ M-<character>, and are referred to as _m_e_t_a_f_i_e_d characters.
+ The printable ASCII characters not mentioned in the list
+ of emacs standard bindings are bound to the _s_e_l_f_-_i_n_s_e_r_t
+ function, which just inserts the given character into the
+ input line. In vi insertion mode, all characters not
+ specifically mentioned are bound to _s_e_l_f_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. Charac-
+ ters assigned to signal generation by _s_t_t_y(1) or the ter-
+ minal driver, such as C-Z or C-C, retain that function.
+ Upper and lower case _m_e_t_a_f_i_e_d characters are bound to the
+ same function in the emacs mode meta keymap. The remain-
+ ing characters are unbound, which causes readline to ring
+ the bell (subject to the setting of the bbeellll--ssttyyllee vari-
+ able).
+
+ EEmmaaccss MMooddee
+ Emacs Standard bindings
+
+ "C-@" set-mark
+ "C-A" beginning-of-line
+ "C-B" backward-char
+ "C-D" delete-char
+ "C-E" end-of-line
+ "C-F" forward-char
+ "C-G" abort
+ "C-H" backward-delete-char
+ "C-I" complete
+ "C-J" accept-line
+ "C-K" kill-line
+ "C-L" clear-screen
+ "C-M" accept-line
+ "C-N" next-history
+ "C-P" previous-history
+ "C-Q" quoted-insert
+ "C-R" reverse-search-history
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 13
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ "C-S" forward-search-history
+ "C-T" transpose-chars
+ "C-U" unix-line-discard
+ "C-V" quoted-insert
+ "C-W" unix-word-rubout
+ "C-Y" yank
+ "C-]" character-search
+ "C-_" undo
+ " " to "/" self-insert
+ "0" to "9" self-insert
+ ":" to "~" self-insert
+ "C-?" backward-delete-char
+
+ Emacs Meta bindings
+
+ "M-C-G" abort
+ "M-C-H" backward-kill-word
+ "M-C-I" tab-insert
+ "M-C-J" vi-editing-mode
+ "M-C-M" vi-editing-mode
+ "M-C-R" revert-line
+ "M-C-Y" yank-nth-arg
+ "M-C-[" complete
+ "M-C-]" character-search-backward
+ "M-space" set-mark
+ "M-#" insert-comment
+ "M-&" tilde-expand
+ "M-*" insert-completions
+ "M--" digit-argument
+ "M-." yank-last-arg
+ "M-0" digit-argument
+ "M-1" digit-argument
+ "M-2" digit-argument
+ "M-3" digit-argument
+ "M-4" digit-argument
+ "M-5" digit-argument
+ "M-6" digit-argument
+ "M-7" digit-argument
+ "M-8" digit-argument
+ "M-9" digit-argument
+ "M-<" beginning-of-history
+ "M-=" possible-completions
+ "M->" end-of-history
+ "M-?" possible-completions
+ "M-B" backward-word
+ "M-C" capitalize-word
+ "M-D" kill-word
+ "M-F" forward-word
+ "M-L" downcase-word
+ "M-N" non-incremental-forward-search-history
+ "M-P" non-incremental-reverse-search-history
+ "M-R" revert-line
+ "M-T" transpose-words
+ "M-U" upcase-word
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 14
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ "M-Y" yank-pop
+ "M-\" delete-horizontal-space
+ "M-~" tilde-expand
+ "M-C-?" backward-delete-word
+ "M-_" yank-last-arg
+
+ Emacs Control-X bindings
+
+ "C-XC-G" abort
+ "C-XC-R" re-read-init-file
+ "C-XC-U" undo
+ "C-XC-X" exchange-point-and-mark
+ "C-X(" start-kbd-macro
+ "C-X)" end-kbd-macro
+ "C-XE" call-last-kbd-macro
+ "C-XC-?" backward-kill-line
+
+
+ VVII MMooddee bbiinnddiinnggss
+ VI Insert Mode functions
+
+ "C-D" vi-eof-maybe
+ "C-H" backward-delete-char
+ "C-I" complete
+ "C-J" accept-line
+ "C-M" accept-line
+ "C-R" reverse-search-history
+ "C-S" forward-search-history
+ "C-T" transpose-chars
+ "C-U" unix-line-discard
+ "C-V" quoted-insert
+ "C-W" unix-word-rubout
+ "C-Y" yank
+ "C-[" vi-movement-mode
+ "C-_" undo
+ " " to "~" self-insert
+ "C-?" backward-delete-char
+
+ VI Command Mode functions
+
+ "C-D" vi-eof-maybe
+ "C-E" emacs-editing-mode
+ "C-G" abort
+ "C-H" backward-char
+ "C-J" accept-line
+ "C-K" kill-line
+ "C-L" clear-screen
+ "C-M" accept-line
+ "C-N" next-history
+ "C-P" previous-history
+ "C-Q" quoted-insert
+ "C-R" reverse-search-history
+ "C-S" forward-search-history
+ "C-T" transpose-chars
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 15
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ "C-U" unix-line-discard
+ "C-V" quoted-insert
+ "C-W" unix-word-rubout
+ "C-Y" yank
+ " " forward-char
+ "#" insert-comment
+ "$" end-of-line
+ "%" vi-match
+ "&" vi-tilde-expand
+ "*" vi-complete
+ "+" next-history
+ "," vi-char-search
+ "-" previous-history
+ "." vi-redo
+ "/" vi-search
+ "0" beginning-of-line
+ "1" to "9" vi-arg-digit
+ ";" vi-char-search
+ "=" vi-complete
+ "?" vi-search
+ "A" vi-append-eol
+ "B" vi-prev-word
+ "C" vi-change-to
+ "D" vi-delete-to
+ "E" vi-end-word
+ "F" vi-char-search
+ "G" vi-fetch-history
+ "I" vi-insert-beg
+ "N" vi-search-again
+ "P" vi-put
+ "R" vi-replace
+ "S" vi-subst
+ "T" vi-char-search
+ "U" revert-line
+ "W" vi-next-word
+ "X" backward-delete-char
+ "Y" vi-yank-to
+ "\" vi-complete
+ "^" vi-first-print
+ "_" vi-yank-arg
+ "`" vi-goto-mark
+ "a" vi-append-mode
+ "b" vi-prev-word
+ "c" vi-change-to
+ "d" vi-delete-to
+ "e" vi-end-word
+ "f" vi-char-search
+ "h" backward-char
+ "i" vi-insertion-mode
+ "j" next-history
+ "k" prev-history
+ "l" forward-char
+ "m" vi-set-mark
+ "n" vi-search-again
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 16
+
+
+
+
+
+READLINE(3) READLINE(3)
+
+
+ "p" vi-put
+ "r" vi-change-char
+ "s" vi-subst
+ "t" vi-char-search
+ "u" undo
+ "w" vi-next-word
+ "x" vi-delete
+ "y" vi-yank-to
+ "|" vi-column
+ "~" vi-change-case
+
+SSEEEE AALLSSOO
+ _T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
+ _T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
+ _b_a_s_h(1)
+
+FFIILLEESS
+ _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c
+ Individual rreeaaddlliinnee initialization file
+
+AAUUTTHHOORRSS
+ Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation (primary author)
+ bfox@ai.MIT.Edu
+
+ Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
+ chet@ins.CWRU.Edu
+
+BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS
+ If you find a bug in rreeaaddlliinnee,, you should report it. But
+ first, you should make sure that it really is a bug, and
+ that it appears in the latest version of the rreeaaddlliinnee
+ library that you have.
+
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, mail
+ a bug report to _b_u_g_-_r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e@_g_n_u_._o_r_g. If you have a fix,
+ you are welcome to mail that as well! Suggestions and
+ `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed to _b_u_g_-_r_e_a_d_-
+ _l_i_n_e@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg.
+
+ Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page
+ should be directed to _c_h_e_t_@_i_n_s_._C_W_R_U_._E_d_u.
+
+BBUUGGSS
+ It's too big and too slow.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+GNU 1998 Feb 19 17
+
+