gdb: Check element of optimised out vla exists

If a vla is not in memory, and the upper bound is not defined, then we
can't know that an array element exists or not, and we should not try
to access the array element.  One case where this happens is for
arrays that have been optimised out, the array will then have
VALUE_LVAL of not_lval, and an undefined upper bound, if we then try
to access an element of this array we will index into random GDB
memory.

An argument could be made that even for arrays that are in inferior
memory, if the upper bound is not defined then we should not try to
access the array element, however, in some of the Fortran tests, it
seems as though we do rely indexing from a base address into an array
which has no bounds defined.  In this case GDBs standard protection
for detecting unreadable target memory prevents bad thing happening.

gdb/ChangeLog:

	* valarith.c (value_subscripted_rvalue): If an array is not in
	memory, and we don't know the upper bound, then we can't know that
	the requested element exists or not.

gdb/testsuite/ChangeLog:

	* gdb.base/vla-optimized-out.exp: Add new test.

2 files changed, 26 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/gdb/testsuite/ChangeLog b/gdb/testsuite/ChangeLog
index 975705d..bd3c3bf 100644
--- a/gdb/testsuite/ChangeLog
+++ b/gdb/testsuite/ChangeLog
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 2018-08-09  Andrew Burgess  <andrew.burgess@embecosm.com>
 
+	* gdb.base/vla-optimized-out.exp: Add new test.
+
+2018-08-09  Andrew Burgess  <andrew.burgess@embecosm.com>
+
 	* gdb.base/vla-optimized-out-o3.exp: Delete.
 	* gdb.base/vla-optimized-out-o3-strict.exp: Delete.
 	* gdb.base/vla-optimized-out.exp: Extend to cover all of the
diff --git a/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/vla-optimized-out.exp b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/vla-optimized-out.exp
index 298b689..88c6fac 100644
--- a/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/vla-optimized-out.exp
+++ b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/vla-optimized-out.exp
@@ -44,6 +44,28 @@ proc vla_optimized_out {exe_suffix options} {
     gdb_test "p sizeof (a)" \
 	" = $sizeof_result" \
 	"printed size of optimized out vla"
+
+    # At lower optimisation levels, the upper bound of the array is
+    # still defined, it's just the loctaion that tells GDB the array
+    # is optimised out.  In that case, when we access an element that
+    # is within the bounds of the array an answer of '<optimized out>'
+    # is reasonable.
+    #
+    # At higher optimisation levels, the array bounds themselves have
+    # been removed.  As such GDB can't be expected to know if the
+    # array contains _any_ elements at all.  It seems reasonable in
+    # that case to reply with 'no such vector element'.
+    gdb_test "p a\[0\]" \
+	"(= <optimized out>|no such vector element)" \
+	"print out of range element of vla (0)"
+
+    gdb_test "p a\[6\]" \
+	"no such vector element" \
+	"print out of range element of vla (6)"
+
+    gdb_test "p a\[0xffffffff\]" \
+	"no such vector element" \
+	"print out of range element of vla (0xffffffff)"
 }
 
 foreach {test_prefix options} \