[gdb] Fix segfault in for_each_block, part 1

When running test-case gdb.base/vfork-follow-parent.exp on powerpc64 (likewise
on s390x), I run into:
...
(gdb) PASS: gdb.base/vfork-follow-parent.exp: \
  exec_file=vfork-follow-parent-exit: target-non-stop=on: non-stop=off: \
  resolution_method=schedule-multiple: print unblock_parent = 1
continue^M
Continuing.^M
Reading symbols from vfork-follow-parent-exit...^M
^M
^M
Fatal signal: Segmentation fault^M
----- Backtrace -----^M
0x1027d3e7 gdb_internal_backtrace_1^M
        src/gdb/bt-utils.c:122^M
0x1027d54f _Z22gdb_internal_backtracev^M
        src/gdb/bt-utils.c:168^M
0x1057643f handle_fatal_signal^M
        src/gdb/event-top.c:889^M
0x10576677 handle_sigsegv^M
        src/gdb/event-top.c:962^M
0x3fffa7610477 ???^M
0x103f2144 for_each_block^M
        src/gdb/dcache.c:199^M
0x103f235b _Z17dcache_invalidateP13dcache_struct^M
        src/gdb/dcache.c:251^M
0x10bde8c7 _Z24target_dcache_invalidatev^M
        src/gdb/target-dcache.c:50^M
...
or similar.

The root cause for the segmentation fault is that linux_is_uclinux gives an
incorrect result: it should always return false, given that we're running on a
regular linux system, but instead it returns first true, then false.

In more detail, the segmentation fault happens as follows:
- a program space with an address space is created
- a second program space is about to be created. maybe_new_address_space
  is called, and because linux_is_uclinux returns true, maybe_new_address_space
  returns false, and no new address space is created
- a second program space with the same address space is created
- a program space is deleted. Because linux_is_uclinux now returns false,
  gdbarch_has_shared_address_space (current_inferior ()->arch ()) returns
  false, and the address space is deleted
- when gdb uses the address space of the remaining program space, we run into
  the segfault, because the address space is deleted.

Hardcoding linux_is_uclinux to false makes the test-case pass.

We leave addressing the root cause for the following commit in this series.

For now, prevent the segmentation fault by making the address space a refcounted
object.

This was already suggested here [1]:
...
A better solution might be to have the address spaces be reference counted
...

Tested on top of trunk on x86_64-linux and ppc64le-linux.
Tested on top of gdb-14-branch on ppc64-linux.

Co-Authored-By: Simon Marchi <simon.marchi@polymtl.ca>

PR gdb/30547
Bug: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=30547

[1] https://sourceware.org/pipermail/gdb-patches/2023-October/202928.html

1 files changed, 16 insertions, 13 deletions

diff --git a/gdb/breakpoint.c b/gdb/breakpoint.c
index af395fd..699919e 100644
--- a/gdb/breakpoint.c
+++ b/gdb/breakpoint.c
@@ -1723,7 +1723,7 @@ one_breakpoint_xfer_memory (gdb_byte *readbuf, gdb_byte *writebuf,
   int bptoffset = 0;
 
   if (!breakpoint_address_match (target_info->placed_address_space, 0,
-				 current_program_space->aspace, 0))
+				 current_program_space->aspace.get (), 0))
     {
       /* The breakpoint is inserted in a different address space.  */
       return;
@@ -2409,7 +2409,7 @@ should_be_inserted (struct bp_location *bl)
      a breakpoint.  */
   if ((bl->loc_type == bp_loc_software_breakpoint
        || bl->loc_type == bp_loc_hardware_breakpoint)
-      && stepping_past_instruction_at (bl->pspace->aspace,
+      && stepping_past_instruction_at (bl->pspace->aspace.get (),
 				       bl->address)
       /* The single-step breakpoint may be inserted at the location
 	 we're trying to step if the instruction branches to itself.
@@ -2847,7 +2847,7 @@ insert_bp_location (struct bp_location *bl,
      read the breakpoint instead of returning the data saved in
      the breakpoint location's shadow contents.  */
   bl->target_info.reqstd_address = bl->address;
-  bl->target_info.placed_address_space = bl->pspace->aspace;
+  bl->target_info.placed_address_space = bl->pspace->aspace.get ();
   bl->target_info.length = bl->length;
 
   /* When working with target-side conditions, we must pass all the conditions
@@ -4429,7 +4429,7 @@ bp_location_inserted_here_p (const struct bp_location *bl,
 			     const address_space *aspace, CORE_ADDR pc)
 {
   if (bl->inserted
-      && breakpoint_address_match (bl->pspace->aspace, bl->address,
+      && breakpoint_address_match (bl->pspace->aspace.get (), bl->address,
 				   aspace, pc))
     {
       /* An unmapped overlay can't be a match.  */
@@ -4508,7 +4508,7 @@ hardware_watchpoint_inserted_in_range (const address_space *aspace,
 	continue;
 
       for (bp_location &loc : bpt.locations ())
-	if (loc.pspace->aspace == aspace && loc.inserted)
+	if (loc.pspace->aspace.get () == aspace && loc.inserted)
 	  {
 	    CORE_ADDR l, h;
 
@@ -7327,10 +7327,10 @@ breakpoint_location_address_match (struct bp_location *bl,
 				   const address_space *aspace,
 				   CORE_ADDR addr)
 {
-  return (breakpoint_address_match (bl->pspace->aspace, bl->address,
+  return (breakpoint_address_match (bl->pspace->aspace.get (), bl->address,
 				    aspace, addr)
 	  || (bl->length
-	      && breakpoint_address_match_range (bl->pspace->aspace,
+	      && breakpoint_address_match_range (bl->pspace->aspace.get (),
 						 bl->address, bl->length,
 						 aspace, addr)));
 }
@@ -7347,7 +7347,7 @@ breakpoint_location_address_range_overlap (struct bp_location *bl,
 					   CORE_ADDR addr, int len)
 {
   if (gdbarch_has_global_breakpoints (current_inferior ()->arch ())
-      || bl->pspace->aspace == aspace)
+      || bl->pspace->aspace.get () == aspace)
     {
       int bl_len = bl->length != 0 ? bl->length : 1;
 
@@ -7404,8 +7404,10 @@ breakpoint_locations_match (const struct bp_location *loc1,
     /* We compare bp_location.length in order to cover ranged
        breakpoints.  Keep this in sync with
        bp_location_is_less_than.  */
-    return (breakpoint_address_match (loc1->pspace->aspace, loc1->address,
-				     loc2->pspace->aspace, loc2->address)
+    return (breakpoint_address_match (loc1->pspace->aspace.get (),
+				      loc1->address,
+				      loc2->pspace->aspace.get (),
+				      loc2->address)
 	    && (loc1->loc_type == loc2->loc_type || sw_hw_bps_match)
 	    && loc1->length == loc2->length);
 }
@@ -9565,8 +9567,9 @@ ranged_breakpoint::breakpoint_hit (const struct bp_location *bl,
       || ws.sig () != GDB_SIGNAL_TRAP)
     return 0;
 
-  return breakpoint_address_match_range (bl->pspace->aspace, bl->address,
-					 bl->length, aspace, bp_addr);
+  return breakpoint_address_match_range (bl->pspace->aspace.get (),
+					 bl->address, bl->length, aspace,
+					 bp_addr);
 }
 
 /* Implement the "resources_needed" method for ranged breakpoints.  */
@@ -12012,7 +12015,7 @@ code_breakpoint::breakpoint_hit (const struct bp_location *bl,
       || ws.sig () != GDB_SIGNAL_TRAP)
     return 0;
 
-  if (!breakpoint_address_match (bl->pspace->aspace, bl->address,
+  if (!breakpoint_address_match (bl->pspace->aspace.get (), bl->address,
 				 aspace, bp_addr))
     return 0;