# Command Line Options

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Node.js comes with a variety of CLI options. These options expose built-in
debugging, multiple ways to execute scripts, and other helpful runtime options.

To view this documentation as a manual page in a terminal, run `man node`.


## Synopsis

`node [options] [V8 options] [script.js | -e "script" | -] [--] [arguments]`

`node debug [script.js | -e "script" | <host>:<port>] …`

`node --v8-options`

Execute without arguments to start the [REPL][].

_For more info about `node debug`, please see the [debugger][] documentation._


## Options

### `-v`, `--version`
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added: v0.1.3
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Print node's version.


### `-h`, `--help`
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added: v0.1.3
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Print node command line options.
The output of this option is less detailed than this document.


### `-e`, `--eval "script"`
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added: v0.5.2
changes:
  - version: v5.11.0
    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/5348
    description: Built-in libraries are now available as predefined variables.
-->

Evaluate the following argument as JavaScript. The modules which are
predefined in the REPL can also be used in `script`.

*Note*: On Windows, using `cmd.exe` a single quote will not work correctly
because it only recognizes double `"` for quoting. In Powershell or
Git bash, both `'` and `"` are usable.


### `-p`, `--print "script"`
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added: v0.6.4
changes:
  - version: v5.11.0
    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/5348
    description: Built-in libraries are now available as predefined variables.
-->

Identical to `-e` but prints the result.


### `-c`, `--check`
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added:
  - v5.0.0
  - v4.2.0
-->

Syntax check the script without executing.


### `-i`, `--interactive`
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added: v0.7.7
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Opens the REPL even if stdin does not appear to be a terminal.


### `-r`, `--require module`
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added: v1.6.0
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Preload the specified module at startup.

Follows `require()`'s module resolution
rules. `module` may be either a path to a file, or a node module name.


### `--inspect[=[host:]port]`
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added: v6.3.0
-->

Activate inspector on host:port. Default is 127.0.0.1:9229.

V8 inspector integration allows tools such as Chrome DevTools and IDEs to debug
and profile Node.js instances. The tools attach to Node.js instances via a
tcp port and communicate using the [Chrome Debugging Protocol][].


### `--inspect-brk[=[host:]port]`
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added: v7.6.0
-->

Activate inspector on host:port and break at start of user script.
Default host:port is 127.0.0.1:9229.


### `--inspect-port=[host:]port`
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added: v7.6.0
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Set the host:port to be used when the inspector is activated.
Useful when activating the inspector by sending the `SIGUSR1` signal.

Default host is 127.0.0.1.


### `--no-deprecation`
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added: v0.8.0
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Silence deprecation warnings.


### `--trace-deprecation`
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added: v0.8.0
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Print stack traces for deprecations.


### `--throw-deprecation`
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added: v0.11.14
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Throw errors for deprecations.

### `--pending-deprecation`
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added: v8.0.0
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Emit pending deprecation warnings.

*Note*: Pending deprecations are generally identical to a runtime deprecation
with the notable exception that they are turned *off* by default and will not
be emitted unless either the `--pending-deprecation` command line flag, or the
`NODE_PENDING_DEPRECATION=1` environment variable, is set. Pending deprecations
are used to provide a kind of selective "early warning" mechanism that
developers may leverage to detect deprecated API usage.

### `--no-warnings`
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added: v6.0.0
-->

Silence all process warnings (including deprecations).

### `--expose-http2`
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added: v8.4.0
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Enable the experimental `'http2'` module.

### `--abort-on-uncaught-exception`
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added: v0.10
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Aborting instead of exiting causes a core file to be generated for post-mortem
analysis using a debugger (such as `lldb`, `gdb`, and `mdb`).

### `--trace-warnings`
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added: v6.0.0
-->

Print stack traces for process warnings (including deprecations).

### `--redirect-warnings=file`
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added: v8.0.0
-->

Write process warnings to the given file instead of printing to stderr. The
file will be created if it does not exist, and will be appended to if it does.
If an error occurs while attempting to write the warning to the file, the
warning will be written to stderr instead.

### `--trace-sync-io`
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added: v2.1.0
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Prints a stack trace whenever synchronous I/O is detected after the first turn
of the event loop.

### `--force-async-hooks-checks`
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added: v8.8.0
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Enables runtime checks for `async_hooks`. These can also be enabled dynamically
by enabling one of the `async_hooks` hooks.

### `--trace-events-enabled`
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added: v7.7.0
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Enables the collection of trace event tracing information.

### `--trace-event-categories`
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added: v7.7.0
-->

A comma separated list of categories that should be traced when trace event
tracing is enabled using `--trace-events-enabled`.

### `--trace-event-file-pattern`
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added: v8.12.0
-->

Template string specifying the filepath for the trace event data, it
supports `${rotation}` and `${pid}`.

### `--zero-fill-buffers`
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added: v6.0.0
-->

Automatically zero-fills all newly allocated [Buffer][] and [SlowBuffer][]
instances.


### `--preserve-symlinks`
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added: v6.3.0
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Instructs the module loader to preserve symbolic links when resolving and
caching modules.

By default, when Node.js loads a module from a path that is symbolically linked
to a different on-disk location, Node.js will dereference the link and use the
actual on-disk "real path" of the module as both an identifier and as a root
path to locate other dependency modules. In most cases, this default behavior
is acceptable. However, when using symbolically linked peer dependencies, as
illustrated in the example below, the default behavior causes an exception to
be thrown if `moduleA` attempts to require `moduleB` as a peer dependency:

```text
{appDir}
 ├── app
 │   ├── index.js
 │   └── node_modules
 │       ├── moduleA -> {appDir}/moduleA
 │       └── moduleB
 │           ├── index.js
 │           └── package.json
 └── moduleA
     ├── index.js
     └── package.json
```

The `--preserve-symlinks` command line flag instructs Node.js to use the
symlink path for modules as opposed to the real path, allowing symbolically
linked peer dependencies to be found.

Note, however, that using `--preserve-symlinks` can have other side effects.
Specifically, symbolically linked *native* modules can fail to load if those
are linked from more than one location in the dependency tree (Node.js would
see those as two separate modules and would attempt to load the module multiple
times, causing an exception to be thrown).

### `--track-heap-objects`
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added: v2.4.0
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Track heap object allocations for heap snapshots.


### `--prof-process`
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added: v5.2.0
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Process V8 profiler output generated using the V8 option `--prof`.


### `--v8-options`
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added: v0.1.3
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Print V8 command line options.

*Note*: V8 options allow words to be separated by both dashes (`-`) or
underscores (`_`).

For example, `--stack-trace-limit` is equivalent to `--stack_trace_limit`.

### `--tls-cipher-list=list`
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added: v4.0.0
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Specify an alternative default TLS cipher list. (Requires Node.js to be built
with crypto support. (Default))


### `--enable-fips`
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added: v6.0.0
-->

Enable FIPS-compliant crypto at startup. (Requires Node.js to be built with
`./configure --openssl-fips`)


### `--force-fips`
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added: v6.0.0
-->

Force FIPS-compliant crypto on startup. (Cannot be disabled from script code.)
(Same requirements as `--enable-fips`)


### `--openssl-config=file`
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added: v6.9.0
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Load an OpenSSL configuration file on startup. Among other uses, this can be
used to enable FIPS-compliant crypto if Node.js is built with
`./configure --openssl-fips`.

### `--use-openssl-ca`, `--use-bundled-ca`
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added: v7.5.0
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Use OpenSSL's default CA store or use bundled Mozilla CA store as supplied by
current Node.js version. The default store is selectable at build-time.

Using OpenSSL store allows for external modifications of the store. For most
Linux and BSD distributions, this store is maintained by the distribution
maintainers and system administrators. OpenSSL CA store location is dependent on
configuration of the OpenSSL library but this can be altered at runtime using
environment variables.

The bundled CA store, as supplied by Node.js, is a snapshot of Mozilla CA store
that is fixed at release time. It is identical on all supported platforms.

See `SSL_CERT_DIR` and `SSL_CERT_FILE`.

### `--icu-data-dir=file`
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added: v0.11.15
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Specify ICU data load path. (overrides `NODE_ICU_DATA`)


### `-`
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added: v8.0.0
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Alias for stdin, analogous to the use of - in other command line utilities,
meaning that the script will be read from stdin, and the rest of the options
are passed to that script.


### `--`
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added: v7.5.0
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Indicate the end of node options. Pass the rest of the arguments to the script.
If no script filename or eval/print script is supplied prior to this, then
the next argument will be used as a script filename.

### `--max-http-header-size=size`
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added: v8.15.0
-->

Specify the maximum size, in bytes, of HTTP headers. Defaults to 8KB.

## Environment Variables

### `NODE_DEBUG=module[,…]`
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added: v0.1.32
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`','`-separated list of core modules that should print debug information.


### `NODE_PATH=path[:…]`
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added: v0.1.32
-->

`':'`-separated list of directories prefixed to the module search path.

*Note*: On Windows, this is a `';'`-separated list instead.


### `NODE_DISABLE_COLORS=1`
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added: v0.3.0
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When set to `1` colors will not be used in the REPL.


### `NODE_ICU_DATA=file`
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added: v0.11.15
-->

Data path for ICU (Intl object) data. Will extend linked-in data when compiled
with small-icu support.

### `NODE_NO_WARNINGS=1`
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added: v7.5.0
-->

When set to `1`, process warnings are silenced.

### `NODE_NO_HTTP2=1`
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added: v8.8.0
-->

When set to `1`, the `http2` module is suppressed.

### `NODE_OPTIONS=options...`
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added: v8.0.0
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A space-separated list of command line options. `options...` are interpreted as
if they had been specified on the command line before the actual command line
(so they can be overridden). Node will exit with an error if an option that is
not allowed in the environment is used, such as `-p` or a script file.

Node.js options that are allowed are:
- `--enable-fips`
- `--force-fips`
- `--icu-data-dir`
- `--inspect-brk`
- `--inspect-port`
- `--inspect`
- `--max-http-header-size`
- `--no-deprecation`
- `--no-warnings`
- `--openssl-config`
- `--redirect-warnings`
- `--require`, `-r`
- `--throw-deprecation`
- `--tls-cipher-list`
- `--trace-deprecation`
- `--trace-events-categories`
- `--trace-events-enabled`
- `--trace-event-file-pattern`
- `--trace-sync-io`
- `--trace-warnings`
- `--track-heap-objects`
- `--use-bundled-ca`
- `--use-openssl-ca`
- `--v8-pool-size`
- `--zero-fill-buffers`

V8 options that are allowed are:
- `--abort-on-uncaught-exception`
- `--max-old-space-size`
- `--perf-basic-prof`
- `--perf-prof`
- `--stack-trace-limit`

### `NODE_PENDING_DEPRECATION=1`
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added: v8.0.0
-->

When set to `1`, emit pending deprecation warnings.

*Note*: Pending deprecations are generally identical to a runtime deprecation
with the notable exception that they are turned *off* by default and will not
be emitted unless either the `--pending-deprecation` command line flag, or the
`NODE_PENDING_DEPRECATION=1` environment variable, is set. Pending deprecations
are used to provide a kind of selective "early warning" mechanism that
developers may leverage to detect deprecated API usage.

### `NODE_PRESERVE_SYMLINKS=1`
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added: v7.1.0
-->

When set to `1`, instructs the module loader to preserve symbolic links when
resolving and caching modules.

### `NODE_REPL_HISTORY=file`
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added: v3.0.0
-->

Path to the file used to store the persistent REPL history. The default path is
`~/.node_repl_history`, which is overridden by this variable. Setting the value
to an empty string (`''` or `' '`) disables persistent REPL history.


### `NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS=file`
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added: v7.3.0
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When set, the well known "root" CAs (like VeriSign) will be extended with the
extra certificates in `file`. The file should consist of one or more trusted
certificates in PEM format. A message will be emitted (once) with
[`process.emitWarning()`][emit_warning] if the file is missing or
malformed, but any errors are otherwise ignored.

Note that neither the well known nor extra certificates are used when the `ca`
options property is explicitly specified for a TLS or HTTPS client or server.

### `OPENSSL_CONF=file`
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added: v7.7.0
-->

Load an OpenSSL configuration file on startup. Among other uses, this can be
used to enable FIPS-compliant crypto if Node.js is built with `./configure
--openssl-fips`.

If the [`--openssl-config`][] command line option is used, the environment
variable is ignored.

### `SSL_CERT_DIR=dir`
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added: v7.7.0
-->

If `--use-openssl-ca` is enabled, this overrides and sets OpenSSL's directory
containing trusted certificates.

*Note*: Be aware that unless the child environment is explicitly set, this
environment variable will be inherited by any child processes, and if they use
OpenSSL, it may cause them to trust the same CAs as node.

### `SSL_CERT_FILE=file`
<!-- YAML
added: v7.7.0
-->

If `--use-openssl-ca` is enabled, this overrides and sets OpenSSL's file
containing trusted certificates.

*Note*: Be aware that unless the child environment is explicitly set, this
environment variable will be inherited by any child processes, and if they use
OpenSSL, it may cause them to trust the same CAs as node.

### `NODE_REDIRECT_WARNINGS=file`
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added: v8.0.0
-->

When set, process warnings will be emitted to the given file instead of
printing to stderr. The file will be created if it does not exist, and will be
appended to if it does. If an error occurs while attempting to write the
warning to the file, the warning will be written to stderr instead. This is
equivalent to using the `--redirect-warnings=file` command-line flag.

### `UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE=size`

Set the number of threads used in libuv's threadpool to `size` threads.

Asynchronous system APIs are used by Node.js whenever possible, but where they
do not exist, libuv's threadpool is used to create asynchronous node APIs based
on synchronous system APIs. Node.js APIs that use the threadpool are:

- all `fs` APIs, other than the file watcher APIs and those that are explicitly
  synchronous
- `crypto.pbkdf2()`
- `crypto.randomBytes()`, unless it is used without a callback
- `crypto.randomFill()`
- `dns.lookup()`
- all `zlib` APIs, other than those that are explicitly synchronous

Because libuv's threadpool has a fixed size, it means that if for whatever
reason any of these APIs takes a long time, other (seemingly unrelated) APIs
that run in libuv's threadpool will experience degraded performance. In order to
mitigate this issue, one potential solution is to increase the size of libuv's
threadpool by setting the `'UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE'` environment variable to a value
greater than `4` (its current default value). For more information, see the
[libuv threadpool documentation][].

[`--openssl-config`]: #cli_openssl_config_file
[Buffer]: buffer.html#buffer_buffer
[Chrome Debugging Protocol]: https://chromedevtools.github.io/debugger-protocol-viewer
[REPL]: repl.html
[SlowBuffer]: buffer.html#buffer_class_slowbuffer
[debugger]: debugger.html
[emit_warning]: process.html#process_process_emitwarning_warning_type_code_ctor
[libuv threadpool documentation]: http://docs.libuv.org/en/latest/threadpool.html
