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# Common mathematical functions

From cppreference.com
< c‎ | numeric

### [edit] Functions

Defined in header `<stdlib.h>`
abs labs llabs (C99) | computes absolute value of an integral value (|x|) (function) [edit]
div ldiv lldiv (C99) | computes quotient and remainder of integer division (function) [edit]
Defined in header `<inttypes.h>`
imaxabs (C99) | computes absolute value of an integral value (|x|) (function) [edit]
imaxdiv (C99) | computes quotient and remainder of integer division (function) [edit]
Defined in header `<math.h>`
##### Basic operations
fabs fabsf fabsl (C99)(C99) | computes absolute value of a floating-point value (|x|) (function) [edit]
fmod fmodf fmodl (C99)(C99) | computes remainder of the floating-point division operation (function) [edit]
remainder remainderf remainderl (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes signed remainder of the floating-point division operation (function) [edit]
remquo remquof remquol (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes signed remainder as well as the three last bits of the division operation (function) [edit]
fma fmaf fmal (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes fused multiply-add operation (function) [edit]
fmax fmaxf fmaxl (C99)(C99)(C99) | determines larger of two floating-point values (function) [edit]
fmin fminf fminl (C99)(C99)(C99) | determines smaller of two floating-point values (function) [edit]
fdim fdimf fdiml (C99)(C99)(C99) | determines positive difference of two floating-point values (max(0, x-y)) (function) [edit]
nan nanf nanl (C99)(C99)(C99) | returns a NaN (not-a-number) (function) [edit]
##### Exponential functions
exp expf expl (C99)(C99) | computes e raised to the given power (ex) (function) [edit]
exp2 exp2f exp2l (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes 2 raised to the given power (2x) (function) [edit]
expm1 expm1f expm1l (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes e raised to the given power, minus one (ex-1) (function) [edit]
log logf logl (C99)(C99) | computes natural (base-e) logarithm (ln(x)) (function) [edit]
log10 log10f log10l (C99)(C99) | computes common (base-10) logarithm (log10(x)) (function) [edit]
log2 log2f log2l (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes base-2 logarithm (log2(x)) (function) [edit]
log1p log1pf log1pl (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes natural (base-e) logarithm of 1 plus the given number (ln(1+x)) (function) [edit]
##### Power functions
pow powf powl (C99)(C99) | computes a number raised to the given power (xy) (function) [edit]
sqrt sqrtf sqrtl (C99)(C99) | computes square root (√x) (function) [edit]
cbrt cbrtf cbrtl (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes cubic root (3√x) (function) [edit]
hypot hypotf hypotl (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes square root of the sum of the squares of two given numbers (√x2 +y2 ) (function) [edit]
##### Trigonometric functions
sin sinf sinl (C99)(C99) | computes sine (sin(x)) (function) [edit]
cos cosf cosl (C99)(C99) | computes cosine (cos(x)) (function) [edit]
tan tanf tanl (C99)(C99) | computes tangent (tan(x)) (function) [edit]
asin asinf asinl (C99)(C99) | computes arc sine (arcsin(x)) (function) [edit]
acos acosf acosl (C99)(C99) | computes arc cosine (arccos(x)) (function) [edit]
atan atanf atanl (C99)(C99) | computes arc tangent (arctan(x)) (function) [edit]
atan2 atan2f atan2l (C99)(C99) | computes arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants (function) [edit]
##### Hyperbolic functions
sinh sinhf sinhl (C99)(C99) | computes hyperbolic sine (sh(x)) (function) [edit]
cosh coshf coshl (C99)(C99) | computes hyperbolic cosine (ch(x)) (function) [edit]
tanh tanhf tanhl (C99)(C99) | computes hyperbolic tangent (function) [edit]
asinh asinhf asinhl (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes inverse hyperbolic sine (arsinh(x)) (function) [edit]
acosh acoshf acoshl (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes inverse hyperbolic cosine (arcosh(x)) (function) [edit]
atanh atanhf atanhl (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes inverse hyperbolic tangent (artanh(x)) (function) [edit]
##### Error and gamma functions
erf erff erfl (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes error function (function) [edit]
erfc erfcf erfcl (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes complementary error function (function) [edit]
tgamma tgammaf tgammal (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes gamma function (function) [edit]
lgamma lgammaf lgammal (C99)(C99)(C99) | computes natural (base-e) logarithm of the gamma function (function) [edit]
##### Nearest integer floating-point operations
ceil ceilf ceill (C99)(C99) | computes smallest integer not less than the given value (function) [edit]
floor floorf floorl (C99)(C99) | computes largest integer not greater than the given value (function) [edit]
trunc truncf truncl (C99)(C99)(C99) | rounds to nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value (function) [edit]
round lround llround (C99)(C99)(C99) | rounds to nearest integer, rounding away from zero in halfway cases (function) [edit]
nearbyint nearbyintf nearbyintl (C99)(C99)(C99) | rounds to an integer using current rounding mode (function) [edit]
rint rintf rintl lrint lrintf lrintl llrint llrintf llrintl (C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99) | rounds to an integer using current rounding mode with exception if the result differs (function) [edit]
##### Floating-point manipulation functions
frexp frexpf frexpl (C99)(C99) | breaks a number into significand and a power of 2 (function) [edit]
ldexp ldexpf ldexpl (C99)(C99) | multiplies a number by 2 raised to a power (function) [edit]
modf modff modfl (C99)(C99) | breaks a number into integer and fractional parts (function) [edit]
scalbn scalbnf scalbnl scalbln scalblnf scalblnl (C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99) | computes efficiently a number times FLT_RADIX raised to a power (function) [edit]
ilogb ilogbf ilogbl (C99)(C99)(C99) | extracts exponent of the given number (function) [edit]
logb logbf logbl (C99)(C99)(C99) | extracts exponent of the given number (function) [edit]
nextafter nextafterf nextafterl nexttoward nexttowardf nexttowardl (C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99) | determines next representable floating-point value towards the given value (function) [edit]
copysign copysignf copysignl (C99)(C99)(C99) | produces a value with the magnitude of a given value and the sign of another given value (function) [edit]
##### Classification and comparison
fpclassify (C99) | classifies the given floating-point value (function) [edit]
isfinite (C99) | checks if the given number has finite value (function) [edit]
isinf (C99) | checks if the given number is infinite (function) [edit]
isnan (C99) | checks if the given number is NaN (function) [edit]
isnormal (C99) | checks if the given number is normal (function) [edit]
signbit (C99) | checks if the given number is negative (function) [edit]
isgreater (C99) | checks if the first floating-point argument is greater than the second (function) [edit]
isgreaterequal (C99) | checks if the first floating-point argument is greater or equal than the second (function) [edit]
isless (C99) | checks if the first floating-point argument is less than the second (function) [edit]
islessequal (C99) | checks if the first floating-point argument is less or equal than the second (function) [edit]
islessgreater (C99) | checks if the first floating-point argument is less or greater than the second (function) [edit]
isunordered (C99) | checks if two floating-point values are unordered (function) [edit]

### [edit] Types

Defined in header `<stdlib.h>`
div_t | structure type, return of the div function (typedef) [edit]
ldiv_t | structure type, return of the ldiv function (typedef) [edit]
lldiv_t (C99) | structure type, return of the lldiv function (typedef) [edit]
Defined in header `<inttypes.h>`
imaxdiv_t (C99) | structure type, return of the imaxdiv function (typedef) [edit]
Defined in header `<math.h>`
float_t (C99) | most efficient floating-point type at least as wide as float (typedef) [edit]
double_t (C99) | most efficient floating-point type at least as wide as double (typedef) [edit]

### [edit] Macro constants

Defined in header `<math.h>`
HUGE_VALF HUGE_VAL HUGE_VALL (C99)(C99) | indicates value too big to be representable (infinity) by float, double and long double respectively (macro constant) [edit]
INFINITY (C99) | evaluates to positive infinity or the value guaranteed to overflow a float (macro constant) [edit]
NAN (C99) | evaluates to a quiet NaN of type float (macro constant) [edit]
FP_FAST_FMAF FP_FAST_FMA FP_FAST_FMAL (C99)(C99)(C99) | indicates that the fma function generally executes about as fast as, or faster than, a multiply and an add of double operands (macro constant) [edit]
FP_ILOGB0 FP_ILOGBNAN (C99)(C99) | evaluates to ilogb(x) if x is zero or NaN, respectively (macro constant) [edit]
math_errhandling MATH_ERRNO MATH_ERREXCEPT (C99)(C99)(C99) | defines the error handling mechanism used by the common mathematical functions (macro constant) [edit]
##### Classification
FP_NORMAL FP_SUBNORMAL FP_ZERO FP_INFINITE FP_NAN (C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99) | indicates a floating-point category (macro constant) [edit]

### [edit] References

- C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

  - 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 217-220)

  - 7.12 Mathematics <math.h> (p: 231-261)

  - 7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 340-360)

  - 7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 455)

  - 7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 456)

- C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):

  - 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 198-201)

  - 7.12 Mathematics <math.h> (p: 212-242)

  - 7.20 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 306-324)

  - 7.26.4 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 401)

  - 7.26.10 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 402)

- C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):

  - 4.5 MATHEMATICS <math.h>

  - 4.10 GENERAL UTILITIES <stdlib.h>

  - 4.13.4 Mathematics <math.h>

  - 7.13.7 General utilities <stdlib.h>

### [edit] See also

C++ documentation for Common mathematical functions

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