## Apply Functions Over Array Margins

## Usage

    apply(x, MARGIN, FUN, ...)

## Arguments

`x` | the array to be used.
`MARGIN` | a vector giving the subscripts which the function will be applied over. `1` indicates rows, `2` indicates columns, `c(1,2)` indicates rows and columns.
`FUN` | the function to be applied. In the case of functions like `+`, `%*%`, etc., the function name must be quoted.
`...` | optional arguments to `FUN`.

## Value

If each call to `FUN` returns a vector of length `n`, then `apply` returns an array of dimension `c(n,dim(x)[MARGIN])` if `n > 1`. If `n` equals `1`, `apply` returns a vector if `MARGIN` has length 1 and an array of dimension `dim(x)[MARGIN]` otherwise.

If the calls to `FUN` return vectors of different lengths, `apply` returns a list of length `dim(x)[MARGIN]`.

## See Also

`lapply`, `tapply`, `sweep`.

## Examples

    ## Compute row and column sums for a matrix:
    x <- cbind(x1 = 3, x2 = c(4:1, 2:5))
    apply(x, 2, mean, trim = .2)
    col.sums <- apply(x, 2, sum)
    row.sums <- apply(x, 1, sum)
    rbind(cbind(x, Rtot = row.sums), Ctot = c(col.sums, sum(col.sums)))

    ## Sort the columns of a matrix
    apply(x, 2, sort)

    ma <- matrix(c(1:4, 1, 6:8), nr = 2)
    ma
    apply(ma, 1, table)  #--> a list of length 2

[Package Contents]