# Column Formatting and Rendering

#### DT2 Team

#### 2026-06-13

## Overview

DT2 provides a set of helper functions that build `columnDefs` entries for common formatting needs. All helpers follow the same pattern:

    opts <- list(columns = names(df))
    opts <- dt2_format_*(opts, col_specs, ...)
    dt2(df, options = opts)

The `col_specs` argument accepts column names (matching `options$columns`) or 1-based integer indices.

> Why `columns = names(df)`? When you refer to columns by name, DT2 needs to know the column order to translate names into positions. That list lives in `options$columns`, so set it once (`opts <- list(columns = names(df))`) before calling any name-based helper. If you skip it, DT2 emits a warning and the target cannot be resolved — pass 1-based indices instead if you prefer not to set it. (`dt2()` itself fills `options$columns` from the data for rendering, but the helpers run before `dt2()`, so they need it set explicitly.)

## Number Formatting

`dt2_format_number()` uses DataTables’ built-in `DataTable.render.number()`:

    df <- data.frame(
      item   = c("Widget A", "Widget B", "Widget C"),
      price  = c(1234.5, 99999.99, 450.0),
      volume = c(1500000, 230000, 85000)
    )

    opts <- list(columns = names(df))
    opts <- dt2_format_number(opts, "price",  thousands = ".", decimal = ",",
                               digits = 2, prefix = "R$ ")
    opts <- dt2_format_number(opts, "volume", thousands = ",", digits = 0)
    dt2(df, options = opts)

## Abbreviated Numbers

`dt2_format_number_abbrev()` displays numbers as 1.2k, 3.4M, 5.6B:

    df <- data.frame(
      metric = c("Users", "Revenue", "Transactions", "API Calls"),
      value  = c(2.1e6, 850e3, 12.5e6, 3.7e9)
    )
    opts <- list(columns = names(df))
    opts <- dt2_format_number_abbrev(opts, "value", digits = 1)
    dt2(df, options = opts)

## Date/Time Formatting

`dt2_format_datetime()` uses `DataTable.render.datetime()` for locale-aware date display:

    df <- data.frame(
      event = c("Launch", "Update", "Sunset"),
      date  = c("2025-01-15", "2025-06-20", "2025-12-31")
    )
    opts <- list(columns = names(df))
    opts <- dt2_format_datetime(opts, "date", to = "DD/MM/YYYY")
    dt2(df, options = opts)

## Relative Time

`dt2_format_time_relative()` uses Moment.js to show “2 hours ago”, etc.:

    df <- data.frame(
      action  = c("Login", "Upload", "Export", "Logout"),
      when    = format(Sys.time() - c(60, 3600*3, 86400*2, 15), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    )
    opts <- list(columns = names(df))
    opts <- dt2_format_time_relative(opts, "when", locale = "en")
    dt2(df, options = opts)

## Custom JS Renderers

For anything beyond the built-in helpers, use `dt2_cols_render_js()`:

    # Traffic light renderer
    traffic_light <- htmlwidgets::JS("
      function(data, type, row, meta) {
        if (type !== 'display') return data;
        var v = parseFloat(data);
        var color = v >= 80 ? '#198754' : (v >= 50 ? '#ffc107' : '#dc3545');
        return '<span style=\"display:inline-block;width:12px;height:12px;' +
               'border-radius:50%;background:' + color + ';margin-right:6px\">' +
               '</span>' + data + '%';
      }
    ")

    df <- data.frame(
      server = c("web-01", "web-02", "db-01", "cache-01"),
      uptime = c(99.9, 87.3, 45.2, 100.0)
    )
    opts <- list(columns = names(df))
    opts <- dt2_cols_render_js(opts, "uptime", traffic_light)
    dt2(df, options = opts)

## HTML Templates

`dt2_col_template()` provides a simple way to wrap cell values in HTML:

    df <- data.frame(
      name   = c("Alice", "Bob", "Carol"),
      email  = c("alice@example.com", "bob@example.com", "carol@example.com"),
      score  = c(95, 82, 91)
    )
    opts <- list(columns = names(df))
    opts <- dt2_col_template(opts, "email",
      '<a href="mailto:{{VAL}}">{{VAL}}</a>')
    dt2(df, options = opts)

## Orthogonal Rendering

`dt2_cols_render_orthogonal()` lets you return different values for display vs. sorting vs. filtering:

    opts <- dt2_cols_render_orthogonal(opts, "price",
      display = htmlwidgets::JS("function(d) { return '$' + d.toFixed(2); }"),
      sort    = htmlwidgets::JS("function(d) { return parseFloat(d); }")
    )

## Named Renderers (Reuse Across Tables)

Register a renderer once, use it in multiple tables:

    dt2_register_renderer("pct_bar", htmlwidgets::JS("
      function(data, type) {
        if (type !== 'display') return data;
        var pct = Math.min(100, Math.max(0, parseFloat(data)));
        return '<div style=\"background:#e9ecef;border-radius:3px;margin:6px\">' +
               '<div style=\"width:' + pct + '%;background:#0d6efd;height:10px;' +
               'border-radius:3px\"></div></div>';
      }
    "))

    df <- data.frame(task = c("A", "B", "C"), done = c(75, 40, 95))
    opts <- list(columns = names(df))
    opts <- dt2_use_renderer(opts, "done", "pct_bar")
    dt2(df, options = opts)