# SPOTMiscVignette

# R Installation of Missing Packages

    install.packages(c(
    "benchmarkme", "callr", "emoa", "ggsci", "jsonlite", "keras", "magrittr", "mlr", "plotly", "RColorBrewer", "reticulate", "rpart.plot", "sensitivity", "smoof", "tensorflow", "tfdatasets"))

# Python Installation

    cd <project-dir>

Create a new virtual environment in a folder called python within the project directory using the following command:

    virtualenv python

The virtualenv can be activated using the following command in a terminal:

    source python/bin/activate

To verify that the correct version of python was activated the following command can be executed in a terminal:

    which python

## Install Python packages in the Environment

Python packages such as tensorflow-datasets, numpy, pandas, matplotlib, and other packages can be installed in the Python virtualenv by using pip install:

    pip install numpy pandas matplotlib tensorflow tensorflow-datasets

    /Users/bartz/workspace/SPOT/python/bin/python -m pip install --upgrade pip

## Install and Configure reticulate to use the Correct Python Version

Install the reticulate package using the following command in the R console (e.g., from within RStudio):

    install.packages("reticulate")

To configure reticulate to point to the Python executable in the virtualenv python from above, create a file in the project directory called .Rprofile with the following contents:

    Sys.setenv(RETICULATE_PYTHON = "python/bin/python")

R (or RStudio) must be restarted for the setting to take effect. To check that reticulate is configured for the correct version of Python the following command can be used in the R (or RStudio) console:

    reticulate::py_config()

## Installing Keras

To get started with Keras, the Keras R package, the core Keras library, and a backend tensor engine (such as TF) must be installed. This can be done as follows from within R (or RStudio):

    install.packages("tensorflow")
    install.packages("keras")
    library(keras)
    install_keras()

This will provide you with a default CPU-based installation of Keras and TF. To install a GPU-based version of the TF backend engine, the corresponding command reads as follows:

    install_keras(tensorflow = "gpu")

- Package version SPOT should be larger than `2.3.0`.

    library("SPOT")
    packageVersion("SPOT")

### With noise: (this takes some time)

    # noisy objective
    res1 <- spot(,function(x)funSphere(x)+rnorm(nrow(x)),c(-2,-3),c(1,2),
            control=list(funEvals=40,noise=TRUE))
    # noise with replicated evaluations
    res2 <- spot(,function(x)funSphere(x)+rnorm(nrow(x)),c(-2,-3),c(1,2),
            control=list(funEvals=40,noise=TRUE,replicates=2,
            designControl=list(replicates=2)))
    # and with OCBA
    res3 <- spot(,function(x)funSphere(x)+rnorm(nrow(x)),c(-2,-3),c(1,2),
            control=list(funEvals=40,noise=TRUE,replicates=2,OCBA=TRUE,OCBABudget=1,
            designControl=list(replicates=2)))
    # Check results with non-noisy function:
    funSphere(res1$xbest)
    funSphere(res2$xbest)
    funSphere(res3$xbest)

### Handling factor variables

Note: factors should be coded as integer values, i.e., 1,2,…,n First, we create a test function with a factor variable:

    braninFunctionFactor <- function (x) {
       y <- (x[2]  - 5.1/(4 * pi^2) * (x[1] ^2) + 5/pi * x[1]  - 6)^2 +
         10 * (1 - 1/(8 * pi)) * cos(x[1] ) + 10
       if(x[3]==1)
         y <- y +1
       else if(x[3]==2)
         y <- y -1
       return(y)
    }

Vectorize the test function.

    objFun <- function(x){apply(x,1,braninFunctionFactor)}

Run `spot`.

    set.seed(1)
    res <- spot(fun=objFun,lower=c(-5,0,1),upper=c(10,15,3),
                control=list(model=buildKriging,
                             types= c("numeric","numeric","factor"),
                             optimizer=optimLHD))
     res$xbest
     res$ybest

### Run SPOT with logging

    ## run spot without log
    res <- spot(fun = funSphere,
                lower=c(0,0),
                upper=c(100,100)
    )
    ## run spot with log
    funSphereLog <- function(x){
      cbind(funSphere(x),x)
    }
    res2 <- spot(fun = funSphereLog,
                lower=c(0,0),
                upper=c(100,100)
    )
    res$logInfo
    res2$logInfo

## Keras/Tensorflow

### First experiments (from the arxiv paper summer 2021)

#### exp01

    library("SPOTMisc")
    library("SPOT")
    kerasConf <- getKerasConf()
    lower <- c(1e-6, 1e-6, 16,0.6, 1e-9, 10, 6,0.4,0.99,1,1e-8)
    upper <- c(0.5, 0.5, 512, 1.5, 1e-2, 50, 10,0.999,0.999,10,6e-8)
    types <- c("numeric",  "numeric",  "integer",  "numeric",  "numeric",
               "integer",  "integer",  "numeric",  "numeric",  "integer",
               "numeric")

    kerasConf$verbose <- 0
    res <- spot(x = NULL,
                fun = funKerasMnist,
                lower = lower,
                upper = upper,
                control = list(funEvals=100,
                               noise = TRUE,
                               types = types,
                               plots = TRUE,
                               progress = TRUE,
                               seedFun = 1,
                               seedSPOT = 1),
                kConf = kerasConf)
    res01 <- res
    # save(res01, file="exp01.RData")

#### exp02

    library("SPOTMisc")
    library("SPOT")
    kerasConf <- getKerasConf()
    lower <- c(1e-6, 1e-6, 16,0.6, 1e-9, 10, 6,0.4,0.99,1,1e-8)
    upper <- c(0.5, 0.5, 512, 1.5, 1e-2, 50, 10,0.999,0.999,10,6e-8)
    types <- c("numeric",  "numeric",  "integer",  "numeric",  "numeric",
               "integer",  "integer",  "numeric",  "numeric",  "integer",
               "numeric")

    kerasConf$verbose <- 0
    Ninit <- 3 * length(lower)
    Rinit <- 3
    replicates <- 3

    res <- spot(x = NULL,
                fun = funKerasMnist,
                lower = lower,
                upper = upper,
                control = list(funEvals=20*length(lower),
                               noise = TRUE,
                               types = types,
                               replicates=replicates,
                               designControl = list(replicates = Rinit,
                                                                   size = Ninit),
                               model = buildKriging,
                               optimizer = optimLBFGSB,
                               modelControl=list(target="ei"),
                               plots = TRUE,
                               progress = TRUE,
                               seedFun = 1,
                               seedSPOT = 1),
                kConf = kerasConf)
    res02 <- res
    #save(res02, file="exp02.RData")

### run002

    #install.packages("~/workspace/SPOTMisc_1.2.26.tar.gz", repos=NULL, type="source")
    #install.packages("~/workspace/SPOT_2.6.2.tar.gz", repos=NULL, type="source")
    library("keras")
    library("SPOT")
    library("SPOTMisc")
    packageVersion("SPOT")
    packageVersion("SPOTMisc")
    set.seed(123)

    dat <- genCatsDogsData()
    kerasConf <- getKerasConf()
    kerasConf$trainData <- dat$trainData
    kerasConf$validationData <- dat$validationData
    kerasConf$testData <- dat$testData

    lower <- c(1e-6, 1e-6, 16,0.6, 1e-9, 10, 6,0.4,0.99,1,1e-8)
    upper <- c(0.5, 0.5, 512, 1.5, 1e-2, 50, 10,0.999,0.999,10,6e-8)
    types <- c("numeric",  "numeric",  "integer",  "numeric",  "numeric",
               "integer",  "integer",  "numeric",  "numeric",  "integer",
               "numeric")
    ### First example: simple function call:
    x <- matrix(lower, 1,)
    funKerasTransferLearning(x, kConf = kerasConf)
    kerasConf$verbose <- 1
    res <- spot(x = NULL,
                fun = funKerasTransferLearning,
                lower = lower,
                upper = upper,
                control = list(funEvals=200,
                               noise = TRUE,
                               types = types,
                               plots = TRUE,
                               progress = TRUE,
                               seedFun = 1,
                               seedSPOT = 1),
                kConf = kerasConf)
    # save(res, file = "run002.RData")

## keras/TF Experiments 2022

### kerasMnist02

    install.packages(c(
    "benchmarkme", "callr", "emoa", "ggsci", "jsonlite", "keras", "magrittr", "mlr", "plotly", "RColorBrewer", "reticulate", "rpart.plot", "sensitivity", "smoof", "tensorflow", "tfdatasets"))
    install.packages(
      "~/workspace/spotmisc/packages/SPOT_2.7.0.tar.gz",
      repos = NULL,
      type = "source"
    )
    install.packages(
      "~/workspace/spotmisc/packages/SPOTMisc_1.6.0.tar.gz",
      repos = NULL,
      type = "source"
    )
    library("SPOTMisc")
    packageVersion("SPOTMisc")
    library("SPOT")
    packageVersion("SPOT")

    mnist <- getMnistData()

    # "dropout" =  x[1]: 0.1--0.5
    # "dropoutfact" =  x[2]: 0.85--0.95
    # "units" = x[3]: 7-9 (128--512)
    # "unitsfact" = x[4]:  0.5--1.5
    # "learning_rate" =  x[5]: 1e-5--1e-2
    # "epochs" = x[6]: 3-6 (10--50)
    # "batchsize" = x[7]: 6-9 (64--512)
    # "beta_1" =  x[8]: 0.9--0.999
    # "beta_2" =  x[9]: 0.99--0.9999
    # "layers" =  x[10]: 1--5
    # "epsilon" = x[11]: 1e-8--1e-8
    lower <- c(0.1, 0.85, 7, 0.5, 1e-5, 3,  6,  0.9,  0.99,    1, 1e-8)
    upper <- c(0.5, 0.95, 9, 1.5, 1e-2, 6, 9, 0.999, 0.9999, 5, 1e-6)
    types <-  rep("numeric", length(lower))
    types[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "integer"
    f2 <- function(x) {
      2 ^ x
    }
    transformFun <- rep("identity", length(lower))
    transformFun[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "f2"
    kerasConf <- getKerasConf()
    kerasConf$verbose <- 0
    kerasConf$resDummy <- FALSE
    Ninit <- 2 * length(lower)
    Rinit <- 2
    replicates <- 2

    res <- spot(
      x = NULL,
      fun = funKerasMnist,
      lower = lower,
      upper = upper,
      control = list(
        funEvals = 20 * length(lower),
        noise = TRUE,
        types = types,
        transformFun = transformFun,
        replicates = replicates,
        designControl = list(replicates = Rinit,
                             size = Ninit),
        model = buildKriging,
        optimizer = optimLBFGSB,
        modelControl = list(target = "ei"),
        plots = FALSE,
        progress = TRUE,
        seedFun = 1,
        seedSPOT = 1
      ),
      kConf = kerasConf,
      data = mnist
    )
    save(res, file = paste0("resKerasMnist02", as.numeric(Sys.time()), ".RData"))
    ##
    ## Evaluation of the default hyperparameter setting (baseline)
    library("SPOTMisc")
    packageVersion("SPOTMisc")
    ##
    source("~/workspace/spotmisc/R/funKerasMnist.R")
    library("SPOT")
    packageVersion("SPOT")
    source("~/workspace/SPOT/R/spot.R")
    source("~/workspace/SPOT/R/objectiveFunctionEvaluation.R")
    mnist <- getMnistData()
    # "dropout" =  x[1],
    # "dropoutfact" =  x[2],
    # "units" = x[3],
    # "unitsfact" = x[4],
    # "learning_rate" =  x[5],
    # "epochs" = x[6],
    # "batchsize" = x[7],
    # "beta_1" =  x[8],
    # "beta_2" =  x[9],
    # "layers" =  x[10],
    # "epsilon" = x[11]
    lower <- c(0.4, 0.9, 8, 0.5, 0.001, 4, 3, 0.9, 0.999, 2, 1e-07)
    upper <- lower
    types <-  rep("numeric", length(lower))
    types[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "integer"
    f2 <- function(x) {
      2 ^ x
    }
    transformFun <- rep("identity", length(lower))
    transformFun[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "f2"
    #
    kerasConf <- getKerasConf()
    kerasConf$resDummy <- FALSE
    kerasConf$verbose <- 0
    kerasConf$returnValue <- "validationLoss"
    kerasConf$naDummy <- 1234567890
    kerasConf$clearSession <- TRUE
    ### Example: spot call to evaluate the default design
    n <- 10
    res <- spot(
      x = NULL,
      fun = funKerasMnist,
      lower = lower,
      upper = upper,
      control = list(
        funEvals = n,
        transformFun = transformFun,
        replicateResults = TRUE,
        types = types,
        seedFun = 1,
        seedSPOT = 1,
        verbosity = 0,
        designControl=list(size=n)
      ),
      kConf = kerasConf,
      data = mnist
    )
    save(res, file = paste0("resKerasMnist02Default", as.numeric(Sys.time()), ".RData"))

### KerasMnist03: same as 02, but training loss passed to optimizer

    install.packages(c(
    "benchmarkme", "callr", "emoa", "ggsci", "jsonlite", "keras", "magrittr", "mlr", "plotly", "RColorBrewer", "reticulate", "rpart.plot", "sensitivity", "smoof", "tensorflow", "tfdatasets"))
    install.packages(
      "~/workspace/spotmisc/packages/SPOT_2.7.0.tar.gz",
      repos = NULL,
      type = "source"
    )
    install.packages(
      "~/workspace/spotmisc/packages/SPOTMisc_1.6.0.tar.gz",
      repos = NULL,
      type = "source"
    )
    library("SPOTMisc")
    packageVersion("SPOTMisc")
    library("SPOT")
    packageVersion("SPOT")

    mnist <- getMnistData()

    # "dropout" =  x[1]: 0.1--0.5
    # "dropoutfact" =  x[2]: 0.85--0.95
    # "units" = x[3]: 7-9 (128--512)
    # "unitsfact" = x[4]:  0.5--1.5
    # "learning_rate" =  x[5]: 1e-5--1e-2
    # "epochs" = x[6]: 3-6 (10--50)
    # "batchsize" = x[7]: 6-9 (64--512)
    # "beta_1" =  x[8]: 0.9--0.999
    # "beta_2" =  x[9]: 0.99--0.9999
    # "layers" =  x[10]: 1--5
    # "epsilon" = x[11]: 1e-8--1e-8
    lower <- c(0.1, 0.85, 7, 0.5, 1e-5, 3,  6,  0.9,  0.99,    1, 1e-8)
    upper <- c(0.5, 0.95, 9, 1.5, 1e-2, 6, 9, 0.999, 0.9999, 5, 1e-6)
    types <-  rep("numeric", length(lower))
    types[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "integer"
    f2 <- function(x) {
      2 ^ x
    }
    transformFun <- rep("identity", length(lower))
    transformFun[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "f2"
    kerasConf <- getKerasConf()
    kerasConf$verbose <- 0
    kerasConf$resDummy <- FALSE
    kerasConf$returnValue <- "trainingLoss"
    Ninit <- 2 * length(lower)
    Rinit <- 2
    replicates <- 2

    res <- spot(
      x = NULL,
      fun = funKerasMnist,
      lower = lower,
      upper = upper,
      control = list(
        funEvals = 20 * length(lower),
        noise = TRUE,
        types = types,
        transformFun = transformFun,
        replicates = replicates,
        designControl = list(replicates = Rinit,
                             size = Ninit),
        model = buildKriging,
        optimizer = optimLBFGSB,
        modelControl = list(target = "ei"),
        plots = FALSE,
        progress = TRUE,
        seedFun = 1,
        seedSPOT = 1
      ),
      kConf = kerasConf,
      data = mnist
    )
    save(res, file = paste0("resKerasMnist03", as.numeric(Sys.time()),".RData"))

### KerasMnist07: same as 02, but test loss passed to optimizer

    install.packages(c(
    "benchmarkme", "callr", "emoa", "ggsci", "jsonlite", "keras", "magrittr", "mlr", "plotly", "RColorBrewer", "reticulate", "rpart.plot", "sensitivity", "smoof", "tensorflow", "tfdatasets"))
    install.packages(
      "~/workspace/spotmisc/packages/SPOT_2.7.0.tar.gz",
      repos = NULL,
      type = "source"
    )
    install.packages(
      "~/workspace/spotmisc/packages/SPOTMisc_1.6.0.tar.gz",
      repos = NULL,
      type = "source"
    )
    library("SPOTMisc")
    packageVersion("SPOTMisc")
    library("SPOT")
    packageVersion("SPOT")

    mnist <- getMnistData()

    # "dropout" =  x[1]: 0.1--0.5
    # "dropoutfact" =  x[2]: 0.85--0.95
    # "units" = x[3]: 7-9 (128--512)
    # "unitsfact" = x[4]:  0.5--1.5
    # "learning_rate" =  x[5]: 1e-5--1e-2
    # "epochs" = x[6]: 3-6 (10--50)
    # "batchsize" = x[7]: 6-9 (64--512)
    # "beta_1" =  x[8]: 0.9--0.999
    # "beta_2" =  x[9]: 0.99--0.9999
    # "layers" =  x[10]: 1--5
    # "epsilon" = x[11]: 1e-8--1e-8
    lower <- c(0.1, 0.85, 7, 0.5, 1e-5, 3,  6,  0.9,  0.99,    1, 1e-8)
    upper <- c(0.5, 0.95, 9, 1.5, 1e-2, 6, 9, 0.999, 0.9999, 5, 1e-6)
    types <-  rep("numeric", length(lower))
    types[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "integer"
    f2 <- function(x) {
      2 ^ x
    }
    transformFun <- rep("identity", length(lower))
    transformFun[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "f2"
    kerasConf <- getKerasConf()
    kerasConf$verbose <- 0
    kerasConf$resDummy <- FALSE
    kerasConf$returnValue <- "testLoss"
    Ninit <- 2 * length(lower)
    Rinit <- 2
    replicates <- 2

    res <- spot(
      x = NULL,
      fun = funKerasMnist,
      lower = lower,
      upper = upper,
      control = list(
        funEvals = 20 * length(lower),
        noise = TRUE,
        types = types,
        transformFun = transformFun,
        replicates = replicates,
        designControl = list(replicates = Rinit,
                             size = Ninit),
        model = buildKriging,
        optimizer = optimLBFGSB,
        modelControl = list(target = "ei"),
        plots = FALSE,
        progress = TRUE,
        seedFun = 1,
        seedSPOT = 1
      ),
      kConf = kerasConf,
      data = mnist
    )
    save(res, file = paste0("resKerasMnist07", as.numeric(Sys.time()),".RData"))

### KerasMnist08: same as 02, but negative validation accuracy passed to optimizer

    install.packages(c(
    "benchmarkme", "callr", "emoa", "ggsci", "jsonlite", "keras", "magrittr", "mlr", "plotly", "RColorBrewer", "reticulate", "rpart.plot", "sensitivity", "smoof", "tensorflow", "tfdatasets"))
    install.packages(
      "~/workspace/spotmisc/packages/SPOT_2.7.0.tar.gz",
      repos = NULL,
      type = "source"
    )
    install.packages(
      "~/workspace/spotmisc/packages/SPOTMisc_1.6.0.tar.gz",
      repos = NULL,
      type = "source"
    )
    library("SPOTMisc")
    packageVersion("SPOTMisc")
    library("SPOT")
    packageVersion("SPOT")

    mnist <- getMnistData()

    # "dropout" =  x[1]: 0.1--0.5
    # "dropoutfact" =  x[2]: 0.85--0.95
    # "units" = x[3]: 7-9 (128--512)
    # "unitsfact" = x[4]:  0.5--1.5
    # "learning_rate" =  x[5]: 1e-5--1e-2
    # "epochs" = x[6]: 3-6 (10--50)
    # "batchsize" = x[7]: 6-9 (64--512)
    # "beta_1" =  x[8]: 0.9--0.999
    # "beta_2" =  x[9]: 0.99--0.9999
    # "layers" =  x[10]: 1--5
    # "epsilon" = x[11]: 1e-8--1e-8
    lower <- c(0.1, 0.85, 7, 0.5, 1e-5, 3,  6,  0.9,  0.99,    1, 1e-8)
    upper <- c(0.5, 0.95, 9, 1.5, 1e-2, 6, 9, 0.999, 0.9999, 5, 1e-6)
    types <-  rep("numeric", length(lower))
    types[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "integer"
    f2 <- function(x) {
      2 ^ x
    }
    transformFun <- rep("identity", length(lower))
    transformFun[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "f2"
    kerasConf <- getKerasConf()
    kerasConf$verbose <- 0
    kerasConf$resDummy <- FALSE
    kerasConf$returnValue <- "negValidationAccuracy"
    Ninit <- 2 * length(lower)
    Rinit <- 2
    replicates <- 2

    res <- spot(
      x = NULL,
      fun = funKerasMnist,
      lower = lower,
      upper = upper,
      control = list(
        funEvals = 20 * length(lower),
        noise = TRUE,
        types = types,
        transformFun = transformFun,
        replicates = replicates,
        designControl = list(replicates = Rinit,
                             size = Ninit),
        model = buildKriging,
        optimizer = optimLBFGSB,
        modelControl = list(target = "ei"),
        plots = FALSE,
        progress = TRUE,
        seedFun = 1,
        seedSPOT = 1
      ),
      kConf = kerasConf,
      data = mnist
    )
    save(res, file = paste0("resKerasMnist08", as.numeric(Sys.time()),".RData"))

### KerasMnist09: same as 02, but negative training accuracy passed to optimizer

    install.packages(c(
    "benchmarkme", "callr", "emoa", "ggsci", "jsonlite", "keras", "magrittr", "mlr", "plotly", "RColorBrewer", "reticulate", "rpart.plot", "sensitivity", "smoof", "tensorflow", "tfdatasets"))
    install.packages(
      "~/workspace/spotmisc/packages/SPOT_2.7.0.tar.gz",
      repos = NULL,
      type = "source"
    )
    install.packages(
      "~/workspace/spotmisc/packages/SPOTMisc_1.6.0.tar.gz",
      repos = NULL,
      type = "source"
    )
    library("SPOTMisc")
    packageVersion("SPOTMisc")
    library("SPOT")
    packageVersion("SPOT")

    mnist <- getMnistData()

    # "dropout" =  x[1]: 0.1--0.5
    # "dropoutfact" =  x[2]: 0.85--0.95
    # "units" = x[3]: 7-9 (128--512)
    # "unitsfact" = x[4]:  0.5--1.5
    # "learning_rate" =  x[5]: 1e-5--1e-2
    # "epochs" = x[6]: 3-6 (10--50)
    # "batchsize" = x[7]: 6-9 (64--512)
    # "beta_1" =  x[8]: 0.9--0.999
    # "beta_2" =  x[9]: 0.99--0.9999
    # "layers" =  x[10]: 1--5
    # "epsilon" = x[11]: 1e-8--1e-8
    lower <- c(0.1, 0.85, 7, 0.5, 1e-5, 3,  6,  0.9,  0.99,    1, 1e-8)
    upper <- c(0.5, 0.95, 9, 1.5, 1e-2, 6, 9, 0.999, 0.9999, 5, 1e-6)
    types <-  rep("numeric", length(lower))
    types[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "integer"
    f2 <- function(x) {
      2 ^ x
    }
    transformFun <- rep("identity", length(lower))
    transformFun[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "f2"
    kerasConf <- getKerasConf()
    kerasConf$verbose <- 0
    kerasConf$resDummy <- FALSE
    kerasConf$returnValue <- "negTrainingAccuracy"
    Ninit <- 2 * length(lower)
    Rinit <- 2
    replicates <- 2

    res <- spot(
      x = NULL,
      fun = funKerasMnist,
      lower = lower,
      upper = upper,
      control = list(
        funEvals = 20 * length(lower),
        noise = TRUE,
        types = types,
        transformFun = transformFun,
        replicates = replicates,
        designControl = list(replicates = Rinit,
                             size = Ninit),
        model = buildKriging,
        optimizer = optimLBFGSB,
        modelControl = list(target = "ei"),
        plots = FALSE,
        progress = TRUE,
        seedFun = 1,
        seedSPOT = 1
      ),
      kConf = kerasConf,
      data = mnist
    )
    save(res, file = paste0("resKerasMnist09", as.numeric(Sys.time()),".RData"))

### KerasMnist10: same as 02, but negative test accuracy passed to optimizer

    install.packages(c(
    "benchmarkme", "callr", "emoa", "ggsci", "jsonlite", "keras", "magrittr", "mlr", "plotly", "RColorBrewer", "reticulate", "rpart.plot", "sensitivity", "smoof", "tensorflow", "tfdatasets"))
    install.packages(
      "~/workspace/spotmisc/packages/SPOT_2.7.0.tar.gz",
      repos = NULL,
      type = "source"
    )
    install.packages(
      "~/workspace/spotmisc/packages/SPOTMisc_1.6.0.tar.gz",
      repos = NULL,
      type = "source"
    )
    library("SPOTMisc")
    packageVersion("SPOTMisc")
    library("SPOT")
    packageVersion("SPOT")

    mnist <- getMnistData()

    # "dropout" =  x[1]: 0.1--0.5
    # "dropoutfact" =  x[2]: 0.85--0.95
    # "units" = x[3]: 7-9 (128--512)
    # "unitsfact" = x[4]:  0.5--1.5
    # "learning_rate" =  x[5]: 1e-5--1e-2
    # "epochs" = x[6]: 3-6 (10--50)
    # "batchsize" = x[7]: 6-9 (64--512)
    # "beta_1" =  x[8]: 0.9--0.999
    # "beta_2" =  x[9]: 0.99--0.9999
    # "layers" =  x[10]: 1--5
    # "epsilon" = x[11]: 1e-8--1e-8
    lower <- c(0.1, 0.85, 7, 0.5, 1e-5, 3,  6,  0.9,  0.99,    1, 1e-8)
    upper <- c(0.5, 0.95, 9, 1.5, 1e-2, 6, 9, 0.999, 0.9999, 5, 1e-6)
    types <-  rep("numeric", length(lower))
    types[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "integer"
    f2 <- function(x) {
      2 ^ x
    }
    transformFun <- rep("identity", length(lower))
    transformFun[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "f2"
    kerasConf <- getKerasConf()
    kerasConf$verbose <- 0
    kerasConf$resDummy <- FALSE
    kerasConf$returnValue <- "negTestAccuracy"
    Ninit <- 2 * length(lower)
    Rinit <- 2
    replicates <- 2

    res <- spot(
      x = NULL,
      fun = funKerasMnist,
      lower = lower,
      upper = upper,
      control = list(
        funEvals = 20 * length(lower),
        noise = TRUE,
        types = types,
        transformFun = transformFun,
        replicates = replicates,
        designControl = list(replicates = Rinit,
                             size = Ninit),
        model = buildKriging,
        optimizer = optimLBFGSB,
        modelControl = list(target = "ei"),
        plots = FALSE,
        progress = TRUE,
        seedFun = 1,
        seedSPOT = 1
      ),
      kConf = kerasConf,
      data = mnist
    )
    save(res, file = paste0("resKerasMnist10", as.numeric(Sys.time()),".RData"))

## Transfer Learning

### resKerasTransferLearning04

    library("SPOTMisc")
    library("SPOT")

    # Hyperparameters:
    # "dropout" =  x[1],
    # "learning_rate" =  x[2],
    # "epochs" = x[3],
    # "beta_1" =  x[4],
    # "beta_2" =  x[5],
    # "epsilon" = x[6],
    # "optimizer" = x[7]

    lower <- c(1e-6, 1e-6, 2, 0.8, 0.8, 1e-9, 1)
    upper <- c(0.2, 1e-2, 5, 0.99, 0.9999, 1e-3, 2)
    types <- c("numeric",  "numeric",  "integer",  "numeric",  "numeric",
                          "numeric",  "factor")

    kerasConf <- getKerasConf()
    kerasConf$verbose <- 1
    kerasConf$resDummy <- FALSE
    kerasConf$naDummy <- 1234567890
    res <- spot(x = NULL,
                fun = funKerasTransferLearning,
                lower = lower,
                upper = upper,
                control = list(funEvals=50,
                               model=buildKriging,
                               noise = TRUE,
                               types = types,
                               optimizer=optimDE,
                               plots = FALSE,
                               progress = TRUE,
                               seedFun = 1,
                               seedSPOT = 1,
                               verbosity = 1),
                               kConf = kerasConf
    )
    save(res, file = paste0("resKerasTransferLearning04", as.numeric(Sys.time()),".RData"))

## resKerasTransferLearning05

    library("SPOTMisc")
    library("SPOT")
    kerasConf <- getKerasConf()

    # Hyperparameters:
    # "dropout" =  x[1],
    # "learning_rate" =  x[2],
    # "epochs" = x[3],
    # "beta_1" =  x[4],
    # "beta_2" =  x[5],
    # "epsilon" = x[6],
    # "optimizer" = x[7]

    lower <- c(1e-6, 1e-6, 2, 0.8, 0.8, 1e-9, 1)
    upper <- c(0.2, 1e-2, 5, 0.99, 0.9999, 1e-3, 2)
    types <- c("numeric",  "numeric",  "integer",  "numeric",  "numeric",
               "numeric",  "factor")

    ### Example: spot call with extended verbosity and negative val accuracy:
    kerasConf$verbose <- 0
    kerasConf$returnValue <- "negValidationAccuracy"
    res <- spot(x = NULL,
                fun = funKerasTransferLearning,
                lower = lower,
                upper = upper,
                control = list(funEvals=50,
                               model=buildKriging,
                               noise = TRUE,
                               types = types,
                               optimizer=optimDE,
                               plots = FALSE,
                               progress = TRUE,
                               seedFun = 1,
                               seedSPOT = 1,
                               verbosity = 1),
                               kConf = kerasConf
    )
    save(res, file = paste0("resKerasTransferLearning05", as.numeric(Sys.time()),".RData"))

## resKerasTransferLearning06

- Evaluation of the default hyperparameter setting (baseline)

    library("SPOTMisc")
    library("SPOT")
    kerasConf <- getKerasConf()

    # Hyperparameters:
    # "dropout" =  x[1],
    # "learning_rate" =  x[2],
    # "epochs" = x[3],
    # "beta_1" =  x[4],
    # "beta_2" =  x[5],
    # "epsilon" = x[6],
    # "optimizer" = x[7]
    replicates <- 1
    lower <- c(0.2, 1e-5, 5, 0.9, 0.999, 1e-7, 1)
    upper <- c(0.2, 1e-5, 5, 0.9, 0.999, 1e-7, 1)
    types <- c("numeric",  "numeric",  "integer",  "numeric",  "numeric",
               "numeric",  "factor")

    ### Example: spot call to evaluate the default design
    kerasConf$verbose <- 0
    kerasConf$returnValue <- "validationLoss"
    kerasConf$naDummy <- 1234567890
    res <- spot(x = NULL,
                fun = funKerasTransferLearning,
                lower = lower,
                upper = upper,
                control = list(funEvals=10,
                               model=buildKriging,
                               noise = TRUE,
                               types = types,
                               optimizer = optimDE,
                               plots = FALSE,
                               progress = TRUE,
                               designControl=list(replicates=replicates),
                               seedFun = 1,
                               seedSPOT = 1,
                               verbosity = 1),
                               kConf = kerasConf
    )
    save(res, file = paste0("resKerasTransferLearning06", as.numeric(Sys.time()),".RData"))

### kerasMnist11: 02 with Multi Start

    install.packages(c(
    "benchmarkme", "callr", "emoa", "ggsci", "jsonlite", "keras", "magrittr", "mlr", "plotly", "RColorBrewer", "reticulate", "rpart.plot", "sensitivity", "smoof", "tensorflow", "tfdatasets"))
    install.packages(
      "~/workspace/spotmisc/packages/SPOT_2.7.6.tar.gz",
      repos = NULL,
      type = "source"
    )
    install.packages(
      "~/workspace/spotmisc/packages/SPOTMisc_1.6.6.tar.gz",
      repos = NULL,
      type = "source"
    )
    library("SPOTMisc")
    packageVersion("SPOTMisc")
    library("SPOT")
    packageVersion("SPOT")

    mnist <- getMnistData()

    # "dropout" =  x[1]: 0.1--0.5
    # "dropoutfact" =  x[2]: 0.85--0.95
    # "units" = x[3]: 7-9 (128--512)
    # "unitsfact" = x[4]:  0.5--1.5
    # "learning_rate" =  x[5]: 1e-5--1e-2
    # "epochs" = x[6]: 3-6 (10--50)
    # "batchsize" = x[7]: 6-9 (64--512)
    # "beta_1" =  x[8]: 0.9--0.999
    # "beta_2" =  x[9]: 0.99--0.9999
    # "layers" =  x[10]: 1--5
    # "epsilon" = x[11]: 1e-8--1e-8
    lower <- c(0.1, 0.85, 7, 0.5, 1e-5, 3,  6,  0.9,  0.99,    1, 1e-8)
    upper <- c(0.5, 0.95, 9, 1.5, 1e-2, 6, 9, 0.999, 0.9999, 5, 1e-6)
    types <-  rep("numeric", length(lower))
    types[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "integer"
    f2 <- function(x) {
      2 ^ x
    }
    transformFun <- rep("identity", length(lower))
    transformFun[c(3, 6, 7)] <- "f2"
    kerasConf <- getKerasConf()
    kerasConf$verbose <- 0
    kerasConf$resDummy <- TRUE
    Ninit <- 2 * length(lower)
    Rinit <- 2
    replicates <- 2

    res <- spot(
      x = NULL,
      fun = funKerasMnist,
      lower = lower,
      upper = upper,
      control = list(
        funEvals = 20 * length(lower),
        multiStart = 2,
        noise = TRUE,
        types = types,
        transformFun = transformFun,
        replicates = replicates,
        designControl = list(replicates = Rinit,
                             size = Ninit),
        model = buildKriging,
        optimizer = optimDE,
        modelControl = list(target = "ei"),
        plots = FALSE,
        progress = TRUE,
        seedFun = 1,
        seedSPOT = 1,
        verbosity=0
      ),
      kConf = kerasConf,
      data = mnist
    )
    save(res, file = paste0("resKerasMnist11", as.numeric(Sys.time()), ".RData"))